英语国家概况修订版谢福之美国部分.docx
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英语国家概况修订版谢福之美国部分
英语国家概况（修订版谢福之）美国部分
LT
ts ideology.（F）
6.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.（T）
7.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.（F）
8.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.（T）
Chapter 11
1.America is the world's largest industrial nation.（T）
2.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.（T）
3.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.（F）
4.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.（F）
5.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.（F）
6.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.（T）
7.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.（T）
8.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.（F）
Chapter 12
1.Education is governed by state and local governments instead of the national government in America.（T）
2.All American children are offered 12 years of compulsory public education.（T）
3.After 12 years of schooling, American students receive a bachelor's degree at graduation.（F）
4.When selecting a college or university, undergraduate students have a great concern for its size, location and academic quality.（T）
5.Usually,anundergraduatestudenthastoearn120creditstoreceiveadegree.（T）
6.YaleuniversityisthesecondeldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.（F）
7.ItisTheNewYorkTimesthatfirstuncoveredtheWatergateScandalin1972throughtheeffortsoftworeporters.（F）
8.ThanksgivingDayfallsonthefourthTuesdayinNovember.（F）
选择题
Chapter 8
1.central, east, west
2.48
3.Alaska
4.the Mississippi River
5.in New England
6.California
7.Europe
8.western European, Protestant and middle-class
Chapter 9
1.Jamestown, Virginia
2. French and British
3.the people of the 13 colonies
4. the Second Continental Congress
5. Emancipation Proclamation
6.Neutrality
7. Roosevelt
8. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson
Chapter 10
1.1789
2. tries to give
3. guarantees citizens of
4. six, two
5.the Secretary of State
6.making laws
7. nine
8.electors elected by the voters
Chapter 11
1.ore
2. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy
3. diplomatic authority
4.Alexander Hamilton
5.Refrigerator
6.Unemployment Pension
7.Agribusinesses maintain a
8.Services
Chapter 12
1.elementary
2.politics and business education
3.Harvard University
4.research institutions
5. working for communities
6. The New York Times
7.（PBS）
8.July 4th
简答题
（1）
Chapter 8 geography and people
1. How is the American population distributed?
The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.
2．Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted?
The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would
ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.
Chapter 9 history
1. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?
Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.
2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?
a）brought the Vietnam war to a close ;b）reestablishing U.S. relations with china ;c） negotiating the first strategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .
3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?
Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.
Chapter 10 government
1. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?
One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the
powers of state governments are specified.
2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?
A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.
3. What are the major powers of the supremecourt?
a）to interpret laws b）to hear appeals from any federal court cases; c）to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws ; d）may declare a law unconstitutional e） may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.
4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?
The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.
Chapter 11 economy
1. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?
During the colonial period,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.
2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?
After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.
3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?
Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.
Chapter 12 education , media and holidays
1. How does an American university choose its applicants?
a）their high school records; b） recommendations from their high school teachers; c） the impression they make during interviews at the university d） their scores on the SAT.
2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?
Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions:
teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .
3. What similarities do four famous university share?
They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.
4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?
Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.
简答题
（2）
Chapter8
1．WhyistheUnitedStatesregardedasa”meltingpot”anda”saladbowl”?
TheUnitedStatesisnotmerelyanation,butanationofnations.Theimmigrantscameinwaves,includingtheEuropeans,theAfricansandtheAsians.Therefore,Americaisdescribedasa"meltingpot"wherevariousracialandethnicgroupsareassimilateintoAmericanculture.Recently,Americahasbeencalleda"saladbowl"inthatpeopleofdifferenceracesandethnicgroupsmixharmoniously,butatthesametimekeeptheirdistinctcultureandcustoms.
2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?
The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.
Chapter9
1.What was the cause of the American Civil War?
The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advoca
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