全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语
(二)试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?
Althoughemoneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”—ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.
Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelsesaccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.
1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise
2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around
3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role
4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse
5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady
6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on
7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive
8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant
9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print
10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown
11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when
12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn
13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though
14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease
15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed
16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear
17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return
18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification
19.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor
20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trail
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:
Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”
Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddleclassincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.
Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.
Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”
Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.
Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstoposthighschooleducation.
21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.
[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure
[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]thedeclineofmiddleclassincomes
22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto.
[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary
[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]contributesomethingunique
23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat.
[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed
[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered
24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis.
[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople
[C]toadvanceeconomicglobalization[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?
[A]NewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoesCheap
[C]AverageIsOver[D]RecessionIsBad
Text2
Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandgohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:
legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealthcareaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.
Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.
26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho.
[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood
[C]stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas
27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheU.S..
[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants
[C]shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges[D]hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans
28.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant.
[A]financialincentives[B]aglobalrecognition
[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs[D]thefreedomtostayandleave
29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated.
[A]asfaithfulpartners[B]witheconomicfavors
[C]withlegaltolerance[D]asmightyrivals
30.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
[A]ComeandGo:
BigMistake[B]LivingandThriving:
GreatRisk
[C]LegalorIllegal:
BigMistake[D]WithorWithout:
GreatRisk
Text3
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreaction