网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx
《网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
HolisticWebBrowsing:
TrendsOfTheFuture
ThefutureoftheWebiseverywhere.ThefutureoftheWebisnotatyourdesk.It’snotnecessarilyinyourpocket,either.It’s everywhere.Witheachnewtechnologicalinnovation,wecontinuetobecomemoreandmoreimmersedintheWeb,connectingtheever-growinglayerofinformationinthevirtualworldtotherealonearoundus.Butratherthangetstarry-eyedwithutopianwonderaboutthisbrightfutureahead,weshould soberlyanticipatethemassiveamountofplanninganddesignwork itwillrequireofdesigners,developersandothers.
Thegapbetweentechnologicalinnovationanditsintegrationinourdailylivesisshrinkingataratemuchfasterthanwecankeeppacewith—considerthenumberofuniqueWebapplicationsyousignedupforinthepastyearalone.ThishasresultedinaveryfragmentedexperienceoftheWeb.Whilerunningseveraldifferentbrowsers,withallsortsofplug-ins,youmightalsoberunningmultiplestandaloneapplicationstomanagefeeds,socialmediaaccountsandmusicplaylists.
Eventhoughwemaybeadeptatswitchingfromonetaborwindowtoanother,weshouldbeworkingtowardsamoreholisticWebexperience,onethatseamlesslyintegratesallofthefunctionalityweneedinthesimplestandmostcontextualway.Withthisinmind,let’sreviewfourtrendsthatdesignersanddeveloperswouldbewisetoobserveandintegrateintotheirworksoastopavethewayforamoreholisticWebbrowsingexperience:
1.Thebrowserasoperatingsystem,
2.Functionally-limitedmobileapplications,
3.Web-enhanceddevices,
4.Personalization.
1.TheBrowserAsOperatingSystem
ThankstothemassivegrowthofWebproductivityapplications,creativetoolsandentertainmentoptions,wearespendingmoretimeinthebrowserthaneverbefore.Themoretimewespendthere,thelesswemakeuseofthemanytoolsinthelargeroperatingsystemthatactuallyrunsthebrowser.Asaresult,we’rebeginningto expectthesamehighlevelofreliabilityandsophisticationinourWebexperiencethatwegetfromouroperatingsystem.
Forthemostpart,ourexpectationshavebeenmetbysuchinnovationsasGoogle’sGmail,Talk,CalendarandDocsapplications,whichalloffervaryingdegreesofintegrationwithoneanother,andonlineimageeditingtoolslikePicnikandAdobe’sonlineversionofPhotoshop.Andthoseexpectationswillcontinuetobemetbyupcomingreleases,suchastheChromeoperatingsystem—we’realreadythinkingofourbrowsersasoperatingsystems.DoingeverythingontheWebwasonceapipedream,butnowit’sareality.
UBIQUITY
TheonelimitationofWebbrowsersthatbecomesmoreandmoreobviousaswemakegreateruseofapplicationsinthecloudisthelackofusableconnectionsbetweenopentabs.Mostusershavegrownaccustomedtokeepingmanytabsopen,switchingbackandforthrapidlybetweenGmail,GoogleCalendar,GoogleDocsandvarioussocialmediatools.Butthisswitchingfromtabtotabisindicativeofbrokenconnectionsbetweenapplicationsthatreallyoughttobeintegrated.
Mozillaisattemptingtofunctionallyconnecttoolsthatweuseinthebrowserinamoreintuitiveandrichwaywith Ubiquity.Whileit’sdefinitelyastepintherightdirection,thecommand-lineapproachmaybeabarriertoentryforthoseunabletoletgoofthemouse.Inthescreenshotbelow,youcanseehowUbiquityallowsyoutoquicklymapalocationshownonaWebpagewithouthavingtoopenGoogleMapsinanothertab.Thisisoneexampleofintegratedfunctionalitywithoutwhichyouwouldberequiredtocopyandpastetextfromonetabtoanother.Ubiquity’scorecapability,whichiscreatingaholisticbrowsingexperiencebyunderstandingbasiccommandsandexecutingthemusingappropriateWebapplications,iscertainlythedirectioninwhichthebrowserisheading.
Thisapproach,weddedtovoice-recognitionsoftware,maybehowweallnavigatetheWebinthenextdecade,orsooner:
hands-free.
TRACEMONKEYANDOGG
Meanwhile,smaller,quieterreleaseshavebeenpavingthewaytoholisticbrowsing.Thispastsummer,FirefoxreleasedanupdatetoitssoftwarethatincludesabrandnewJavaScriptenginecalled TraceMonkey.Thisenginedeliversasignificantboostinspeedandimage-editingfunctionality,aswellastheabilitytoplayvideoswithoutthird-partysoftwareorcodecs.
Asidefromthespeedadvances,whicharealwayswelcome,theimageandvideocapabilitiesareperfectexamplesofhowthebrowserisencroachingontheoperatingsystem’sterritory.Beingabletoeditimagesinthebrowsercouldreplacetheneedforlocalimage-editingsoftwareonyourmachine,andpotentiallyforseparateapplicationssuchasPicnik.Atthispoint,it’snotcertainhowsophisticatedthisfunctionalitycanbe,andsodesignersandordinaryuserswillprobablycontinuetorunlocalcopiesofPhotoshopforsometimetocome.
Thenewvideofunctionality,whichreliesonanopen-sourcecodeccalled Ogg,opensupmanypossibilities,thefirstonebeingfordeveloperswhodonotwanttolicensecodecs.Currently,developersarerequiredtolicenseacodeciftheywanttheirvideostobeplayableinproprietarysoftwaresuchasAdobeFlash.OggallowsvideotobeplayedbackinFirefoxitself.
Whatexcitesmany,though,isthatthenewversionofFirefoxenablesinteractivitybetweenmultipleapplications onthesamepage.Onepotentialapplicationofthistechnology,asillustratedintheimageabove,isallowinguserstoclickobjectsinavideotogetadditionalinformationaboutthemwhilethevideoisplaying.
2.Functionally-LimitedMobileApplications
Sofar,ourlookataholisticWebexperiencehasbeenlimitedtothetraditionalbrowser.Butwe’realsointeractingwiththeWebmoreandmoreonmobiledevices.Rightnow,casualsurfingonamobiledeviceisnotaverysophisticatedexperiencesandthereforeprobablynotthemaindrawforusers.Thecombinationofsmallscreens,inconsistentinputoptions,slowconnectionsandlackofcontentoptimizedformobilebrowsersmakesthisaprettyclumsy,unpredictableandfrustratingexperience,especiallyifyou’renotonaniPhone.
However,applicationswrittenspecificallyformobileenvironmentsandthatdealwithparticular,limitedsetsofdata—suchasGoogle’smobileapps,device-specificapplicationsforTwitterandFacebookandthemillionsofapplicationsintheiPhoneAppStore—lookmorelikethefutureofmobileWebuse.Becausethemobilebrowsingexperienceisinitsinfancy,hereissomeadviceondesigningmobileexperiences:
ratherthansqueezingfull-sizedWebapplications(i.e.onesoptimizedfordesktopsandlaptops)intothepocket,designersanddevelopersshouldbecomeproficientatidentifyingandexecutinglimitedfunctionalitysetsformobileapplications.
AMAZONMOBILE
Agreatexampleofafunctionally-limitedmobileapplicationis Amazon’sinterfacefortheiPhone (screenshotabove).Amazonhasreducedthemassivescaleofitswebsitetothemostessentialfunctions:
search,shoppingcartandlists.AndithasoptimizedthelayoutspecificallyfortheiPhone’ssmallerscreen.
FACEBOOKFORIPHONE
Facebookcontinuestoimprove itsmobileversion.Thelatestversionincludesasimplifiedlandingscreen,withaniconforeverymajorfunctionofthewebsiteinorderofpriorityofuse.Whileinformationhasbeenreducedandsegmented,thescopeofthewebsitehasnotbeensignificantlyaltered.Eachnewupdatebringstheappclosertoreplicatingthefullexperienceinawaythatfeelsquitenatural.
GMAILFORIPHONE
Finally, Gmail’siPhoneapplication isalsoimpressive.Googlehasintroducedafloatingbartotheinterfacethatallowsuserstobatchprocessemails,sothattheydon’thavetoopeneachemailinordertodealwithit.
3.Web-EnhancedDevices
Mobiledeviceswillproliferatefasterthananythingthecomputerindustryhasseenbefore,therebyexplodingentrypointstotheWeb.ButtheWebwillvastlyexpandnotsolelythroughpersonalmobiledevicesbutthrough completelynewWeb-enhancedinterfacesintransportationvehicles,homes,clothingandotherproducts.
Insomecases,Webenhancementmaylenditselftomarketinginitiativesandadvertising;inothercases,connectingcertaindevicestotheWebwillmakethemmoreusefulandefficient.HerearethreeexamplesofWeb-enhancedproductsorservicesthatwemayallbeusinginthecomingyears:
WEB-ENHANCEDGROCERYSHOPPING
Web-connectedgrocerystore“VIP”cardsmaytrackcustomerspendingastheydotoday:
everytimeyouscanyourcustomercard,yourpurchasesareaddedtoamassivedatabasethatgrocerystoresusetoguidetheirstockingchoices.Inexchangeforyourdata,thestoresofferyoudiscountsonselectedproducts.SoonwithWeb-enhancedshopping,storeswillbeabletoofferyou specific promotionsbasedonyourparticularpurchasinghistory,andinrealtime(asillustratedabove).ThiswillgiveshoppersmoreincentivetosignupforVIPprogramsandgiveretailersmoreflexibilityandvarietywithdiscounts,salesandotherpromotions.
WEB-ENHANCEDUTILITIES
OneexampleofaWeb-enhanceddevicewemayallseeinourhomessoonenoughisasmartthermostat(illustratedabove),whichwillallowusersnotonlytomonitortheirpowerusageusingGooglePowerMeterbuttoseetheircurrentchargeswhenitmatterstothem(e.g.whenthey’returninguptheheater,notsittinginfrontofacomputer).
WEB-ENHANCEDPERSONALBANKING
AnotherusefulWebenhancementwouldbeadisplayofyourcurrentbankaccountbalancedirectlyonyourdebitorcreditcard(asshownabove).Thisdatawould,ofcourse,beprotectedanddisplayedonlyafteryouclearabiometricsecuritysystemthatreadsyourfingerprintdirectlyonthe