人教版高一英语必修4课文原文.docx
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人教版高一英语必修4课文原文
必修 4 Unit 1
A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:
45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East
Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit
them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and
helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of
chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place
where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits
in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we
follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean
each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is
going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the
evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in
the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize
that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.
Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years
observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to
work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she
first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only
after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin
her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one
important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then
everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as
a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps
communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work
out their social system.
For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the
world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild
animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a
busy life but she says:
"Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the
chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say
to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?
" And then I think about small chimps in cages though
they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..."
She has achieved everything she wanted to do:
working with animals in their
own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the
forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?
I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to
study at university?
I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at
the computer to do some research on great women of China.
By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a
specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had
been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing
books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how
to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to
follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write
that?
Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice?
I looked
carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.
Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training
at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to
boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else?
Further reading made me realize
that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into
medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration
she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired
after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could
not pay her.
By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin
Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a
family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely
delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin
Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?
It was still not too late for me to improve my
studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….
必修 4 Unit 2
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping
considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his
sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of
Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan
Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first
agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special
strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same
fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this
hybrid strain.
Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest
Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been
his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At
that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan
searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent
harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These
increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the
farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and
many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his
research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his
hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being
famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather
keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong,
swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also
means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has
more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others
for their research in agriculture.
Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a
dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of
corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream
with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many
years later, Dr Yuan has another dream:
to export his rice so that it can be grown
around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves
and cares for his people.
CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in
farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and
increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term
use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to
people's health.
What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers?
First, they
damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.
Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects
crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and
cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's
bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In
addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually
grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is
usually more water than vitamins and minerals.
With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to
turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any
chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil
reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore,
often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes
the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air,
soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They
often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing
corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or
soybeans put important mi