最新上海市崇明区届高三英语一模.docx

最新上海市崇明区届高三英语一模.docx

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最新上海市崇明区届高三英语一模

崇明区2019届第一次期末质量检测试卷

英语

I.ListeningComprehension

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

ElectricBikeBaninNewYorkHurtsFoodDeliveryWorkers

AbanonelectricbicyclesinNewYorkCityishurtingdeliveryworkerswhodependonthemtoearnaliving.Manyoftheworkersareimmigrants.

Electricbicycles,or“e-bikes,”looklikeregularbicycles,buttheyhaveelectric-poweredmotorstoassistridersinmovingthebikeforward.Moste-bikesreachspeedsofabout32kilometersanhour,butsomecangomuch（21）________（fast）.

（22）________itislegaltoowne-bikesinNewYorkCity,itisnotlegaltooperatethem.Officialsthereconsiderthedangeroususeofe-bikesonstreetsandsidewalksasreason（23）________theban.Lastyear,thecityannouncedseveremeasures（24）________（mean）toholde-bikeridersandrestaurantsthatemploytheridersresponsible.

E-bikeoperatorscannowbefined$500forbreakingtheban.Thepolice（25）________alsoseizethebikes.

ManyofNewYork’sdeliveryworkersareChineseimmigrantsintheir50sand60s.Theirjobrequiresthemtoworkquicklyandforlonghours（26）________（earn）enoughmoneytoliveon.

DeliveryworkerDeqingLiansaiditisimportanttoperformqualitywork（27）________theirjobalsodependsontips.Headdedthatwhendeliveryworkersaretooslow,somepeoplerefusetopayforthefood.Thismakestheworkers’supervisorsangry.

LiqiangLiuisane-bikedeliveryworkerandspokespersonfortheNewYorkDeliveryWorkersUnion.Hesays（28）________（catch）breakingthebanandhavingthebikeseizedwouldcausecostlydelaysforworkers.

DoLeeiswiththeBikingPublicProject,（29）________providesassistancetobicycle-relatedworkersinNewYorkCity.Hesaysthecity’sbanone-bikesisunfairlytargetinglow-paidworkerswholargelycomefromthecity’sLatinoandAsiancommunities.Hedoesnotaccepttheargument（30）________e-bikespresentadangertocitizens.However,manyNewYorkersarequicktoblamee-bikeridersfornotbeingsafe.

SectionB

A.overateB.preciousC.rateD.researchersE.impressionF.previous

G.presentedH.interpretI.goersJ.revealedK.consumer

PeopleThinkMealsTasteBetterIfTheyAreExpensive

Itissaidthatthere’snosuchthingasafreelunch,butevenifyoumanagetobagabargainmeal,itwillnottasteasgoodasamoreexpensivemeal,accordingtoscientists.

Anewstudyhasfoundthatrestaurant__31__whopaymorefortheirmealsthinkthefoodistastierthanifitisofferedforasmallerprice.Theexpertsthinkthatpeopletendtoassociatecostwithqualityandthischangestheir__32__ofhowfoodtastes.

ScientistsatCornellUniversityinNewYorkstudiedtheeatinghabitsof139peopleenjoyinganItalianbuffet（自助餐）inarestaurant.Thepriceofthefoodwassetbythe__33__ateither$4or$8fortheall-you-can-eatmeal.Customerswereaskedto__34__howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheirnames.

Theexperiment__35__thatthepeoplewhopaid$8forthefoodenjoyedtheirmeal11percentmorethanthosewhoatethe“cheaper”buffet.Interestinglythosethatpaidforthe$4buffetsaidtheyfeltguiltieraboutloadinguptheirplatesandfeltthatthey__36__.However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingtothestudy__37__attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.

BrianWansink,aprofessorof__38__behaviorattheuniversity,said:

“Wewerefascinatedtofindthatpricinghaslittleimpactonhowmuchoneeats,butahugeimpactonhowyou__39__theexperience.”Hethinksthatpeopleenjoyedtheirfoodmoreastheyassociatedcostwithqualityandthatsmallchangestoarestaurantcanchangehowtastypeoplefindtheirmeals.

Ina（n）__40__study,scientistsfromtheuniversityshowedthatpeoplewhoeatindimlightingconsume175lesscalories（卡路里）thanpeoplewhoeatinbrightlylitareas.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

HowClimateChangeAffectsAirlineFlights

HotweatherhasforceddozensofcommercialflightstobecanceledatairportsintheSouthwestthissummer.Thisflight-disturbing__41__isawarningsign.Climatechangeisprojectedtohavefar-reaching__42__--includingsealevelrisefloodingcitiesandshiftingweatherpatternscausinglong-termdeclinesinagriculturalproduction.Andthereisevidencethatitisbeginningtoaffectthetakeoffperformanceofcommercialaircraft,withpotentialeffectsonairline__43__.

Nationalandglobaltransportationsystemsandtheeconomicactivitytheysupporthavebeendesignedfortheclimateinwhichitalldeveloped.Intheaviation（航空）industry,airportsandaircraftaredesignedfortheweatherconditionsexperienced__44__.Becausetheclimateischanging,evenfundamentalelementslikeairportsandkeyeconomicpartslikeairtransportationmayneedtobe__45__.

Asscientistsfocusedontheimpactsofclimatechangeandextremeweatheronhumansocietyandnaturalecosystemsaroundtheworld,ourresearchhasquantifiedhowextremeheatassociatedwithourwarmingclimatemayaffect__46__aroundtheworld.We’vefoundthatmajorairportsfromNewYorktoDubaitoBangkokwillseemorefrequenttakeoffweight__47__inthecomingdecadesduetoincreasinglycommonhottemperatures,whichcanhelpreducetheaircraft’sweightsoastoloweritsrequiredtakeoffspeed.

Thereisobviousevidencethatextremeeventssuchasheatwavesandcoastalfloodingarehappeningwithgreaterfrequencyandintensitythanjustafewdecadesago.Andifwe__48__toreducegreenhousegasemissionssignificantlyinthenextfewdecades,thefrequencyandintensityoftheseextremesisprojectedtoincreasedramatically.

The__49__onaviationmaybewidespread.Manyairportsarebuiltnearsealevel,puttingthematriskofmorefrequent__50__asoceansrise.Thefrequencyandintensityofviolentairmovementmayincreaseinsomeregionsduetostrengtheninghigh-altitude（高海拔的）wind.Strongerwindswouldforceairlinesandpilotstochangeflightlengthsandroutines,potentiallyincreasingfuel__51__.

Manydepartmentsoftheeconomy,includingtheaviationindustry,haveyettoseriously__52__theeffectsofclimatechange.Thesooner,thebetter:

Bothairportconstructionandaircraftdesigntakedecades,andhave__53__effects.Today’snewestplanesmaywellbeflyingin40or50years,andtheir__54__arebeingdesignednow.Theearlierclimateimpactsareunderstoodandappreciated,themoreeffectiveandlesscostlyadaptationcanbe.Thoseadaptationsmayevenincludeinnovativewaystodramaticallyreduceclimate-alteringemissionsacrosstheaviationindustry,whichwouldhelpreducetheproblemwhilealso__55__it.

41.A.schemeB.heatC.shiftD.mess

42.A.contributionsB.confusionsC.feedbacksD.consequences

43.A.pilotsB.reservationsC.costsD.accidents

44.A.historicallyB.enormouslyC.fundamentallyD.domestically

45.A.retestedB.implementedC.prospectedD.reengineered

46.A.travelsB.developmentsC.flightsD.communications

47.A.disordersB.gainsC.bansD.restrictions

48.A.happenB.failC.aimD.promise

49.A.taxesB.effectsC.viewpointsD.comments

50.A.floodingB.rottingC.repairingD.transferring

51.A.standardB.efficiencyC.distributionD.consumption

52.A.considerB.avoidC.maximizeD.demonstrate

53.A.greaterB.differentC.lastingD.direct

54.A.airportsB.productsC.contractsD.replacements

55.A.sneezingatB.respondingtoC.resultinginD.recoveringfrom

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Fluiskillingus.Theusualresponsetotheannualfluisnotenoughtofightagainsttheriskswecurrentlyface,letaloneprepareusforanevendeadlierwidespreadfluthatmostexpertsagreewillcomeinthefuture.Yes,wehaveanannualvaccine（疫苗）,andeveryonequalifiedshouldgetitwithoutquestion.Thereality,however,isthatlessthanhalfAmericansgetthefluvaccines.Andthefluvaccineswehaveareonly60%effectiveinthebestyearsand10%effectiveintheworstyears.Weurgentlyneedamuchmoreeffectivefluvaccine.

IntheU.Salone,seasonalflucancauseupto36millioninfections,three-quartersofamillionhospitalizationsand56,000deaths.Wearenotinvestingtheresourcesneededtoprotectourselves,ourlovedonesandourcommunities.

Whynot?

Wehaven’tbeenhitbyatrulydestructivewidespreaddiseaseinalongtime.Soasindividuals,weletdownourguardasourleadersquietlydefundanddistafftheservicesweneedtoprotectus.

Theriskofcontinuedfootdraggingishuge.Inaseverewidespreaddisease,theU.Shealthcaresystemcouldbedefeatedinjustweeks.Millionsofpeoplewouldbeinfectedbythevirus,andwoulddieintheweeksandmonthsfollowingtheinitialoutbreak.

Thecostofpreventingepidemics（流行病）isroughlyatenthofwhatitcoststocopewiththemwhentheyhit.In2012,acallwasissuedforanannualbillion-dollarU.S.commitmenttothedevelopmentofauniversalfluvaccine.Sixyearslater,thesearchforauniversalvaccineremainedseriouslyunderfunded.

Thesimplereasonliesinourcollectivesatisfaction.Assoonasheadlinesaboutthefluaregoinghospitalsareemptiedofflupatients,andschoolandworkplaceabsenceratesdeclines,wegobacktobusinessasusual.

Leadingscientistsandpublichealthoffici