表语同位语.docx
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表语同位语
一、表语从句的定义:
表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
二、表语从句的构成:
关联词+简单句
三、表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词,关系代词型what,以及asif,asthough,because等连词。
1.由that引导
Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.事实是他没有做真正的努力。
ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Hissolerequirementwas(is)thatthesystemwork.他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。
Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。
2.由whether引导
Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.问题是这部电影是否值得看。
【注意】whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
3.由连接代词引导who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
YouarenotwhoIthoughtyouwere.你已不是我过去所想像的人。
Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.问题是我们应当相信谁。
WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
what引导what=thethingthat=名词+that
That’swhatIwanttostress.这是我想强调的。
That’swhatweareherefor.我们来这里就为了这个。
Fameandpersonalgainiswhatthey’reafter.他们追求的是名利。
Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已经不是以前的他了。
4.由连接副词引导where,when,how,why
Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.问题是我们如何找到他。
ThatwaswhenIwasfifteen.这是我15岁时发生的事。
That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
That’swhyhedidn’tcome.这就是他没有来的缘故。
That’swhyIobjecttotheplan.这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
That’swhereyouarewrong.这就是你不对的地方
6.由asif/asthough引导。
Helooksasifhe'stired.他好像累了。
Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.
他看起来还与十年前一样。
Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever.又不是你离开不回来了。
NowitwasasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
Itisnotasthoughwewerepoor.又不是我们家里穷。
7.由because,why引导的表语从句。
That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.
那是因为他没有理解我。
(That'sbecause…强调原因)
That'swhyhegotangrywithme.
那正是他对我生气的原因。
(That'swhy…强调结果)
三、注意事项
1.可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。
Itwasbecausehedidn'tpasstheexam.
那是因为他没有通过考试。
Itseems(that)hewaslateforthetrain.
看来他没搭上火车。
Itappearsthatshewaswrong.
看来她错了。
Itseemstomethatweshouldanswerforthis.
在我看来,我们似乎应该对此事负责。
Itappearstoherthathewantstoteachusallhehas.
在她看来,他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。
Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightword.
当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
2使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句,谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示,should可省略。
常见的词有:
advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
第一组:
1.-IdrivetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
-Isthat__youhadafewdaysoff?
(NMET1999)
A.why B.when C.what Dwhere
2.Thequestionis____itisworthvisiting.
A.if B.asif C.whether D.how
3.Thisis_____ithappened.
A.what B.when C.that D.how
4.Thisis____thecitylies.
A.ich B.what C.where D.when
5.Hewasill.Thatis____hedidn’tcomeyesterday.
A.when B.why C.how D.that
6.Thatwas___IwasthirteenIenteredtheNo.1MiddleSchool.
A.because B.why C.how Dwhen
第二组:
1.Theproblemis____wecanmastermodernscienceandtechnologyinashorttime.
A.if B.that C.what D.how
2.–Doesn’tMr.Smithliveonthisstreet?
-No.Thisis____Mr.Brownlives.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.that
3.Thereasonwhyhehasbeensuchasuccessis____henevergivesup.
A.whatB.whereC.howD.that
4.–whatisthatbuilding?
-___thegardenequipmentisstored
A.that’swhere B.Thereisinwhich C.thebuildingis D.That’sthebuildingwhich
5.Ourvillageisnolonger____overtwentyyearsago.
A.whatwasitB.whatitwas
C.thevillagewhatwasD.whatwasthevillage
6.___youarethefirstonehere.
A.itseemsthatasifB.itseemsasifthat
c.itseemsasif D.Itseemsthatasthough
7.Myhopeis___hewillbecomeadoctorinthefuture.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what
8.itwas___theywereusedasanadvertisementfortheshop.
A.becauseB.whichC.whatD.if
1-5DBBAB 6-8CCA
第三组
1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.
A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether
2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.
A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof
3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftit
A.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere
4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTed
A.whocanwegetB.whatwecanget
C.whowecangetD.thatwecanget
5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.
A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填
6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.
A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.
A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.
A.that B.likeC.as D.asthough
9.—Ifellsick!
--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because
10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.
A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingill
C.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill
11.—Hewasbornhere.
--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.
A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
that/what的区别
1._______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.
A.What;howareyouB.That;howyouare
C.How;thatyouareD.What;howyouare
2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.
A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat
3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.
A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere
4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.
A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeing
C.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe
5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…what
C.What…whatD.That…what
6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
高考练习
1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?
(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.(1998上海)
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show
3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?
Thatwas______wedidthismorning.(06全国)
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
(2003北京春)
---Oh,that’s_____.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.(2004湖北)
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
同位语从句
一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that,whether,what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导,常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例:
Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)
例:
Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。
(if不能引导同位语从句)
例:
We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。
例1:
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
例2:
Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.
4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
如:
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。
同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
1)Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.while B.that C.when D.as
2)Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities,thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.
A.what B.that C.when D.as
3):
Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
巩固性练习:
1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.
A.that B.what C.why D.which
2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.
A.hat B.what C.which D.why
3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.
A.what B.that C.why D.when
4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.
A.which B.that C./ D.it
5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.
A.when B.that C.what D./
6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which
7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.
A.when B.which C.what D.that
8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.
A.which B.whether C.that D.what
9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.that B.as C.ofwhich D.which
10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.
A.whether B.where C.that D.when
Keys:
1-5AABBA6-10BDCAA
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1.从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,h