届高三英语 阅读专题 推理判断题教案.docx

届高三英语 阅读专题 推理判断题教案.docx

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届高三英语阅读专题推理判断题教案

湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三英语阅读专题：

推理判断题教案

在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。

关键是：

意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。

具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：

1）不能主观臆想，随意揣测，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

2）不能断章取义，以偏概全。

3）要体会作者的态度，悟出作者的言外之意，弦外之音。

4）要确定推理答案的依据和线索的位置或范围。

这种问题的提问方式通常有：

（1）Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.

（2）Wecaninferfromthetextthat…Whatcanwelearnfrom…?

Wecanconcludefromthe

passagethat…

（3）Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.

　（4）Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.

　（5）Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.

（6）Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.

（7）Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_________?

（8）Theauthor’sattitudetoward…is_________?

（9）Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?

以下介绍几种常见的推理判断题型：

1．细节推断题

要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。

考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。

例题：

（2008年全国卷I、IIB篇）

MONTREAL（Reuters）–CrossingtheUS-Canadaborder（边界）togotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10,000forbreakingWashington’sstrictnewsecurity（安全）rules.

TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.LiketheotherpeopleofTownship15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofSt.Pamphileiswheretheyshop,eatandgotochurch.…

59.WelearnfromthetextthatRichardAlbertis_______.

A.anAmericanlivinginTownship15 B.aCanadianlivinginaQuebecvillage

C.aCanadianworkinginacustomsstation

D.anAmericanworkinginaCanadianchurch

2．因果推断题

根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。

考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。

最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。

例题1：

（2008年全国卷I、IIB篇）

60.Albertwasfinedbecausesecurityrules.

C.workedinSt.Pamphilewithoutapass.

D.damagedthegateofthecustomsoffice.

例题2：

（2008年全国高考—福建卷A篇）

writer.

NotonlydidPaulZindelwinaPulitzerPrizeaswellasanObiePrizeforMan-in-the-MoonMarigolds,butbewasoneoftheearliestwritersinthefieldofcontemporary（当代的）literatureforyoungadults（成人）.ThePigman,publishedin1968,isstilloneofthemostwell-knownandwidely-taughtnovelsinthegenre.TheAmericanLibraryAssociation1967and1992,andZindel’sautobiography,ThePigmanandMe,wasamongthe100BestoftheBestBookspublishedforteenagersduringthelastpartofthetwentiethcentury.SixofZindel’sbooks,infact,votedtheBestBooksforYoungAdults,andmostofchosenasQuickPicksforReluctantYoungAdultReaders.Clearly,.Recognizingthat,theAmericanLibraryAssociationin2002.

B.Hisbookswereinterestinganddoaboutit.Imeantheteenager（十几岁的孩子）problem.Whateveryoudoortimesawonderful,reasonableandintoaterribleanimal.

I’veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthat,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandshake.IsawIcalledround.Sprawlingthesofainfulllength,offtheloudTV,andaquickglanceatme.Hismotherwasashamed.“Idon’tknowwhattodowithallthemannerswetaught’tforgottenthem.He’sjustdecidedthatfromthesofaontothefloor.

Anothergoodfriendofminelet’tlikeyourdress;it’sugly.”Oneofthedaughtersdrivenoutofschool.Theothertherestofthatunfortunaterace,parents.

73.Theboyonthesofawouldmostprobablybedescribedas______.

A.lazyB.quietG.unusualD.rude

74.Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthattheparentsofthetwodaughters______.

A.paynoattentiontothemB.aretoobusytolookafterthem

C.aboutthesuddenchangeinteenagechildren?

A.Parentstothechange.

C.Parentsshouldworkmorecloselywithschoolteachers.

D.Parentsareatfaultforthechangeintheirchildren.

例题2：

（2008年全国高考—北京卷C篇）

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?

…

Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedofunhappinessandpain.…

64.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals’lifeinzoos?

A.Dangerous.B.Unhappy.C.Natural.D.Easy.

（2010年·江西卷）

Moderninventionsweloseorgainspeedingacrosstheworldinanairplane,ourbodiestellusso.Wegettheuncomfortablefeelingknownasjetlag;ourbodiesfeelthattheyleftbehindinanothertimezone.

However,whatdowedowiththetimewejustonethingatatime.

...wemustthinkofthelivedclosetotoolsfromwoodandstone.Modernmachinerytechnology?

A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Optimistic.D．Negative.

（2010年·天津卷）

Inthekitchenofmymother’sawoodenstand（木架）withasmallnotepad（记事本）andathekitchen.IneverknewwhenImightwanttonotedownanidea...”

ImmediatelyIcanpictureflour,awoodenspooninonetheother,ontheback.ItturnedouttobearealbreakthroughforsolvingthemathematicalproblemIwasworkingon.”

Thisstory—which—remindsme.

47．Whatistheauthor’soriginalopinionaboutthewoodenstand?

A．Ittothenextgeneration.

50．Intheauthor’smind，behavior.B．keenonyouare.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.…

59.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?

A.Bycomparingbirdswithbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.

C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.D.Bytellingabird’sstory.

例题2：

（2008年全国高考—浙江卷C篇）

Inthecourseofworkingmywaythroughschool,ItookmanyjobsIwouldratherforget.Butnoneofthesejobswasasdreadfulasmyjobinanappleplant.Theworkwasmystrength…

…

Istayedonthejobforfivemonths,allthewhile.

52.Howisthetextorganized?

A.Topic—Argument—ExplanationB.Opinion—Discussion--Description

C.Mainidea—Comparison—Supportingexamples

D.Introduction—Supportingexamples—Conclusion

（2010年·北京卷）

SheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyCornwall.

Icalledshestartedbarkingandgettingveryrestless.

BythetimeIreachedthefarm，IwasverytiredandupsetwithGoldie.ButwhenIsaworderof________.

A．timeB．effectivenessC．importanceDplexity

（2010年·江西卷）

TheChinesestateswere...whiletheGreekcitystates....UnlikeConfucius,Socrates...Confucius,ontheother...

ForSocrates,thefamily...ForConfucius,arerespected...

67．Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof________.

A．timeandeventsBparisonandcontrast

C．causeandeffectD．definitionandclassification

5．预测题

常见的与预测相关的问题主要有：

Whatinformationwillprobablybeprovidedfollowingthelastparagraph?

Whatdoyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytosuggestiftheend?

做这类题时应常常要纵览全文，把握作者的写作思路，找出作者已经阐明了哪些问题或观点，然后接下去文章将会如何发展便一目了然了。

注意最后一段的内容，特别留意最后几句话。

例题2：

（2008年全国高考—上海卷C篇）

ITHIRST

Eachdaywater-relateddiseaseskill3,900ofworld’schildren.

Acrosstheworld,1.1billionpeopledrinkingwater.Morethan2.5billionpeoplelackbasicsanitation.（卫生设备）

Thecombinationprovesdeadly.Eachyear,diseasesrelatedtoinadequatewaterandsanitationkillbetween2and5millionpeopleandcauseanestimated80percentofallsicknessesinthedevelopingworld.Safedrinkingwaterisapreconditionformenandwomen,andpoverty.

…

1）Herearethreewaysyoucan

…

2）Supportnonprofitwaterorganizations

NumerousU.S.-basednonprofitsworkskillfullyabroadincommunity-ledprojectsrelatedto

drinkingwaterandsanitation.Likethesampleofnon-profitsnotedasfollows:

someorganizationsarelarge,othersmall-scale,someoperateworldwide,othersaredevotedtocertainareasinAfrica,Asia,orLatinAmerica.Supportthemgenerously.

75.Whatinformationwillprobablybeprovidedfollowingthelastparagraph?

A.Avarietyofcompaniesandtheirworldwideoperation.

B.Alistofnonprofitwaterorganizationstomakecontactwith.

C.SomewaystogetfinancialaidsfromU.S.Congress.

D.Afewwaterresourcesexploitedbysomeworld-famousorganizations.

（2010年·湖北卷）

Inthisarticle，I’lldescribethreenowinsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirst...Second，...Third，...

58．Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

A．Causesfortheparentteenconflicts.B．Examplesoftheparentteenwar.

C．Solutionsfortheparentteenproblems.D．Futureoftheparentteenrelationship.

（2010年·安徽卷）

With97%oftheworld’swatertoosaltytobedrunkorusedinagriculture,theworldwidesupplyofwaterneedscarefulmanagement,especiallyinagriculture.

Althoughdamscanbebuilttostorewaterforagriculturaluseindryareasanddryseasons,thecostsofwaterredistribution（重新分配）areveryareasdependentonirrigation（灌溉）．..muchofthewaterusepoorlymanaged.

SaudiArabia’sattemptstogrowwheatindesertareasthepumpingofwaterfromundergroundreserves....itisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethemrundry.

74．Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?

A．Stepstoimprovingwaterusemanagement.

B．Waystoreducethecostsofbuildingdams.

C．Measurestodealwithworldwidewatershortages.

D．Approachestowatersupply.

6.推断作者、读者身份题

提问方式有：

1．Thetextiswrittenmainlyfor________.

2．Whoisthepassagewrittenfor?

3．Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

解答这类试题主要靠理解短文内容，特别要注意体会作者使用的词语和语气。

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