高考英语阅读理解10大题型高分密码教师授课版.docx

高考英语阅读理解10大题型高分密码教师授课版.docx

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高考英语阅读理解10大题型高分密码教师授课版

2021年高考英语阅读矩阵法则问鼎满分体系

阅读10大题型高分密码教案

在复杂的高考英语阅读问题中，往往存在许多成对的质量因素．将这些成对因素找出来，分别排列成行和列，其交点就是其相互关联的程度，在此基础上再找出存在的问题及问题的形态，从而找到解决问题的思路，联通，移动并形成网通脉络。

主旨题

与文章中心句或中心词倾向做题的类型还有：

1.作者对文章主题的观点或看法

2.不对应文章细节题（或选项）

3.全文第一题

4.例子题

5.推断题

6.包含文章主题词的题目

写作目的题

例子题

文章取材题

文章结构题

推论题

指代题

作者态度题

词汇题

细节题（考题占高考阅读部分的60-70%）

名师题型Tactics

（一）：

主旨题

方法一：

找中心句

文章核对位置：

全文首段首、末句（一段末出现转折）；第二段第一句、二句（二段对一段进行总结或否定）；尾段首末句。

1.举例子的句子不是主题句，注意前句;主旨句在首段问句的回答句上！

问句不是主题句，注意问后句！

2.首段转折提示文章主题;表转折和因果处:

but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because（since,as,for）,oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……。

包含主次之分的表达（notA,butB.AratherthanB等）;时间提示主题（recently,today，now等）;尤其是关注有汉语标注的地方！

3.定义型的句子（becalledas,beknownas,is,are等）;

4.强调型的句子（surprisingly,ofcourse,only等）;

5.总结型的句子（researchindicates,studysuggests/shows等）。

Therebe后接抽象名词!

I,We,My,our;及Itshows/suggests/turnsout/proves…等表示结论意思的动词,在如:

findout,find,discover,researchwasprovedthat…,hisstudyistoldthat…。

从句看主句,短语看名词,将定语去掉,再对比.文章写的一定是积极向上的!

定从、状从看主句.

方法二：

找中心词

1.首先看首尾段,看反复出现了哪个名词或名词词组?

各段首尾句相加，其中共有词汇为主题词，必须出现在正确答案中。

一般为名词或名词词组；出现频率较高！

2.发现两个都是中心词,就选择出现频率高的,范围大的!

3.theAmazonrainforest，重点是名词rainforest而不是前面的定语名词Amazon!

4.有两个或三个选项都含有中心词，而文章却没有中心句做验证点，则可通过答案特征来解决！

前后矛盾通常是出题者概括主旨答案的有效手段。

5.中心句或中心词找主旨，可能遇到哪些问题?

方法三：

另外解决方案

总分关系看首段首尾句或与文章标题题目内容倾向；分总关系看尾段首尾句或与文章标题题目内容倾向！

备选项中，两个或三个同类项有一个是答案！

Function等高频率答案词！

（写作目的题答题技巧中有延伸）

方法一：

找中心句

文章核对位置：

全文首段首、末句（一段末出现转折）；第二段第一句、二句（二段对一段进行总结或否定）；尾段首末句。

1.举例子的句子不是主题句，注意前句;主旨句在首段问句的回答句上！

问句不是主题句，注意问后句！

2.表转折和因果处:

but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because（since,as,for）,oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……。

包含主次之分的表达（notA,butB.AratherthanB等）;时间提示主题（recently,today，now等）;尤其是关注有汉语标注的地方！

3.定义型的句子（becalledas,beknownas,is,are等）;

4.强调型的句子（surprisingly,ofcourse,only等）;

5.总结型的句子（researchindicates,studysuggests/shows等）。

Therebe后接抽象名词!

I,We,My,our;及Itshows/suggests/turnsout/proves…等表示结论意思的动词,在如:

findout,find,discover,researchwasprovedthat…,hisstudyistoldthat…。

从句看主句,短语看名词,将定语去掉,再对比.文章写的一定是积极向上的!

定从、状从看主句.

〖2014天津卷B篇〗……ThevideoexchangebetweensignerandreceivercanberecordedonDVDforproofwhenlegaldocumentsareused.

“It’sreallyfun”,saidtheownerofabookstore,whowaspresentforoneofthetestruns.“Obviouslyyoucan’tshakehandswiththeauthor，buttherearechancesforaconnectionthatyoudon’tgetfromaregularbooksigning..

Theresponsetotheinventionhasnotbeenallfavorable.Atwoodhasreceivedcriticismfromauthorswhothinksheistryingtoendbooktours.Butshesaid,“Itwillbepossibletogotoplacesthatyounevergotsenttobeforebecausethepublisherscouldn’taffordit.”

45.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6?

A.Atwooddoesn’tmeantoendbooktours.

B.CriticsthinktheLongPenisoflittleuse

C.BookstoreownersdonotsupporttheLongPen

D.PublishersdisliketheLongPenforitshighcost答案：

45.A。

表转折和因果处:

but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because（since,as,for）,oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……。

包含主次之分的表达（notA,butB.AratherthanB等）;时间提示主题（recently,today，now等）;尤其是关注有汉语标注的地方！

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〖2015湖南卷〗Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horses,andcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentsomethinglikethis:

AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,"No,thanks.I'vegotagoodhorseunderme."

Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage（排水）system,buttheresimplywasn'tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.

AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedmethecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity'sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.

Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem:

dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice:

eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoisttheentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwood-framebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructureslikeTremontHotel,whichwasasix-storybrickbuilding?

That'swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehouse-movingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews（螺旋千斤顶）beneaththebuilding'sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman'ssignaleachmanturnedhisjackscrewthesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn'tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago'searlyhistory,everyengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago'swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity'snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.

65.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago's______.

A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB.environmentaldisastersandtheircauses

C.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievements

答案：

65.C。

〖2015浙江卷〗Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars，wewouldgoindarknesshappily，themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal（夜间活动的）speciesonthisplanet.Instead，wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:

We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.

Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences一calledlightpollution一whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign，whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.III-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels一andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,including,ourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectorlifeisaffected.

Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze（霾）thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnigh,-darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowonEarth,iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.

We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherformthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing,Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet（磁铁）.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.

Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjointincludingmostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.

Livinginaglareofourmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxyarchingoverhead.

54.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheMagiclight.B.TheOrangeHaze.

C.TheDisappearingNight.D.TheRhythmsofNature.

两个高频中心词时，选择范围大的，看因果关系，选答案是“果”的选项。

因为有了灯，夜才消失的，所以C是结果。

中心句中night也离yet最近，答案：

54.C。

〖2015广东卷〗ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction.Eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics.

Inrecentyears,manywritershavebeguntospeakthe'declineofclass'and'classlesssociety'inBritain.Andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass.

Butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly.Arecentwide-rangingsocietyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinparticularclass;73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofBritishsociety;and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences.Thus,classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious,yetitremainsanimportantpartofBritishsociety.Britainseemstohavealoveofstratification.

OneunchangingaspectofaBritishperson'sclasspositionisaccent.Thewordsapersonspeakstellherorhisclass.AstudyofBritishaccentsduring1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeaBBCnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice,Mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded'educated'and'soft'.Theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy,ontheotherhand,wereregional（地区的）cityaccents.Theseaccentsweres