大学英语unit one 讲义.docx
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大学英语unitone讲义
UnitOneVacationsThatNurtureaSenseofPlace
Warm-upActivities
1.Lead-inquestions
1)DoyoumissyourhometownifyouarenotalocalresidentinShijiazhuang?
Apartfromyourparentsorotherpeopleyouknow,isthereanythingofyourhometownthatyoumissalot?
Whichistheplacethatyouwanttovisitthemostbesidesyourownhome?
2)Haveyoueverbeenbacktoyourseniormiddleschool?
Howdoyoufeelwhenyousawyouroldcampusagain?
Ifnot,whatisthefirstthingthatpopsupinyourmindwhenyouthinkofyourmiddleschool?
2.Makeupaconversation
Directions:
Imagineyouarebacktoyourmiddleschoolcampuswithoneofyourclassmates.Makeupaconversationwithyourpartnerandtrytoinvolvethefollowinginformation.
A:
howmuchdoyourememberofyourcampusanditsschoolbuildings.
B:
trytorecallyourinteresting,delighting,depressing,embarrassingexperiencesonthecampus
C:
wouldyoucomebackagainandexplainwhy
BackgroundKnowledge
1.SenseofPlace
Itisacombinationofcharacteristicsthatmakesaplacespecialandunique.Duetothosecharacteristics,youmayholdsomeveryspecialfeelingsorperceptionstowardsthisplacewhileothersdonot.Senseofplacemayinvolveyourpersonalexperienceinaplace,suchasworkinginitinallweathers;makealivingfromit,sufferingfromitscatastrophes,lovingitsbeautifulmorningsandevenings,investmentoflaborandfeelingintoitmadebyyou,yourparents,yourgrandparentsorevenyourall-butunknownancestors.Thesenseofplacemayalsogrowfromyourknowledgeofthisplaceanditsfolklore.Forexample,therelativesofthepassengersaboardMH370flightmayhavedevelopedasensepfplacetowardsMalaysia.
2.SentimentalJourney
Asentimentaljourneyisavisittoaplacethatwasonceveryfamiliarandthatbringsbackmemoriesofthepast.Forexample,theyhavetakenasentimentaljourneytoBritainwheretheyhadmetandfellinlove.
3.CongregationalismandCongregationalChurch
Congregationalismspeaksofaformofchurchgovernment.Acongregationalchurchisruledbythecongregationofitsmembers,insteadofbybishopsoragroupofelders.Congregationalchurchesnearlyalwaysavoidhierarchyinchurches,maintainingthatthelocalchurchisanswerabledirectlytoGod,notsomemanororganization.
4.AmericanColonialArchitecture
AmericancolonialarchitectureincludesseveralbuildingdesignstylesassociatedwiththecolonialperiodoftheUnitedStates,includingFirstPeriodEnglish,FrenchColonial,SpanishColonial,DutchColonial,etc.Thesestylesareassociatedwiththehouses,churchesandgovernmentbuildingsoftheperiodfromabout1600throughthe19thcentury.Forexample,InNewEngland,17th-centurycolonialhouseswerebuiltprimarilyfromwood,followingstylesfoundinthesoutheasterncountiesofEngland.DutchColonialstructures,builtprimarilyintheHudsonRiverValley,LongIsland,andnorthernNewJersey,reflectedconstructionstylesfromHollandandFlandersandusedstoneandbrickmoreextensivelythanbuildingsinNewEngland.
WordsforPleasure
1.Nurture
1)tocareforandprotectsb/sthwhiletheyaregrowinganddeveloping养育,养护
Parentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood.
父母们想了解把他们的孩子养育成人的最好方法。
Thesedelicateplantsneedcarefulnurturinginthegreenhouse.
这些幼嫩的植物需要在温室里精心培育。
Thestudylooksatwaysparentsnurturetheirchildren.
这项研究着眼于父母养育孩子的方法。
2)toencourageafeeling,anidea,aplanoraconnectiontodevelop,toencouragesbandhelpthemtosucceed培养,促进,助长
Tonurtureahope滋生出愿望
Tonurtureyoungwriters培养青年作家
Tonurturethechildren’scuriosityandcreativity培养孩子的好奇心和创造力
Tonurtureagoodrelationshipwithonecolleagues和同事建立良好的关系
Shehadalwaysnurturedgreatambitionsforherson.
她一直在培养她儿子的雄心大志。
Shesecretlynurturedahopeofbecomingfamous.
她暗暗滋生出成名的愿望。
Theirpoliticalviewsarenurturesinthesixties.
他们的政治观点形成于60年代。
2.Sentimental
1)connectedwithyouremotions情感上的
Shekepttheletterspurelyforsentimentalreasons.
她纯粹是处于情感原因保存这些信件。
Thestolenitemswereofgreatsentimentalvaluetothefamily.
被偷的物品对这个家庭有极大的情感价值。
2)producingemotionssuchaspity,romanticloveorsadness,whichmaybetoostrongornotappropriate;feelingtheseemotionstoomuch伤感的,煽情的,多愁善感的
Asentimentalsong
Asentimentalbook
Asentimentalfilm
Asentimentallovestory
Asentimentalgirl
ItendtogetverysentimentalwhenIthinkofmychildhood.
我总是一想到我的童年就感伤不已。
Heusuallygetssentimentalaboutoldfriendships.
他经常为了之前的友情唏嘘感伤。
Sentiment
1)afeelingoraopinion,esponebasedonemotions(C/U)感情,情绪,观点
Hispartyencouragesnationalistsentiment.
他所属的政党煽动民族主义的情绪。
Ihadconsiderablesympathywiththesentimentsexpressedinhisletters.
他在信中提到的很多观点我都赞同。
2)feelingsofsympathy,sadness,orlovethatmayseeminappropriate.(U)伤感,柔情,多愁善感
Thereisnoroomforsentimentinbusiness.
商场容不下多愁善感。
Ineverthrowanythingaway,partlyoutofsentiment.
我从不丢弃任何东西,部分原因是我有些多愁善感。
Sentimental/sensitive/sensible/sensational
Sentimental:
情感的,多愁善感的,伤感的
Sensitive:
敏感的,易受伤害的,体贴的
Sensible:
理智的,合理的,明智的
Sensational:
轰动的,引起哗然的
Heactslikeatoughguy,butisreallyvery_______tocriticism.
Ikeptthispicturebecauseithas______valueforme.
Haveyoureadthe_____newsaboutthemissingflight?
Shewas_____enoughtostopdrivingwhenshewastootired.
3.issue
1)togive(something)tosomeoneinanofficialway(正式)颁发,发放
Toissuesthtosb/issuesbwithsth
Toissuepassports发放护照
Toissuevisas发放签证
Toissuetickets发放车票
Toissueasummons发放传票
Newmemberswillbeissuedwithatemporaryidentitycard.
新成员将配发临时身份卡。
Workpermitswereissuedtoonly5%ofthosewhoappliedforthem.
工作许可证只发给了5%的申请人。
2)toannounce(something)inapublicandofficialway发布,发表
Toissueastatement发出声明
Toissueawarning发出警告
Toissueadecree发布判决
Toissueawarrantforarrest发出逮捕令
Thebankshaveissuedwarningsthatchargesarelikelytorisesharply.
各银行已经发布通知说收费可能大幅度增长。
Yesterdayhiskidnappersissuedasecondthreattokillhim.
昨天绑匪再次威胁要将他撕票。
4.convey
1)tomakeideas,feelings,etc.knowntosb表达,传递(思想、感情等)
Wordsconveymeaning.
文字表达意义。
Colorslikeredconveyasenseofenergyandstrength.
红色之类的颜色可给人以充满活力与力量的感觉。
Herslowsmileconveyeddisbelief.
她迟疑地一笑,表示不信。
2)totake,carryortransportsb/sthfromoneplacetoanother传送;运送;输送
Ataxiconveyedustothetrainstation.
一辆出租车将我们载至火车站。
Achimneyconveyssmoketotheoutside.
烟囱将烟排送至室外。
5.fulfill
1)todoorachievewhatwashopedfororexpected实现,达到
tofulfillyourdream/ambition/potential
Thejourneyfulfilledalongcherisheddream.
这次旅行实现了长期的梦想。
Supportersfeelthattheteamhasnotfulfilledtheirexpectations.
支持者们认为球队没有达到他们的期望值。
Heneverfulfilledhispotentialasaplayer.
他从未真正发挥出他作为运动员的潜力。
2)todoorhavewhatisrequiredornecessary达到(要求),履行,完成(任务)
tofulfilladuty/anobligation/apromise
Thegovernmentfailedtofulfillitselectionpromises.
政府没有实现兑现在选举时所做的承诺。
Anursehastofulfillmanydutiesincaringforthesick.
护士在照顾病人时要尽很多责任。
Alltheworkersinthefactorypromisedtofulfillthetaskaheadoftime.
全厂工人保证提前完成任务.
3)tomakesbfeelhappyandsatisfiedwithwhattheyaredoingorhavedone使高兴;使满意
Tofulfillsb/oneself
Thewarwasthebiggestthinginherlifeandnothingafterthatquitefulfilledher.
那场战争是她一生中最重大的事,在那之后没有什么颇使她感到满足过。
Beingawifeandmotherdoesnotreallyfulfillme.
做贤妻良母并不能使我满足。
Ineedajobthatreallyfulfillsme.
我需要一份真正能使我满足的工作。
6.vow
1)N.aformalandseriouspromise,especiallyareligiousone,todosth(尤指宗教),誓言,誓约:
Tomake/takeavow立誓,发誓
Tokeepavow履行誓言
Tobreakavow违反誓言
Toexchangemarriagevows交换结婚誓言
2)V.tomakeaformalandseriouspromisetodosthoraformalstatementthatistrue起誓;立誓;发誓:
Tovowtodosth/tovowthat
Thepresidenthasvowedtohelptheearthquakevictims.
总统已经立誓要帮助地震灾民。
IvowedthatIwouldnevergambleagain.
我发誓不再赌博。
7.trace
【释义】verb[VN]
1)tofindordiscoversb/sthbylookingcarefullyforthem/it查出;找到;发现;追踪
2)tofindtheoriginorcauseofsth追溯;追究
Noun
[C,U]amark,anobjectorasignthatshowsthatsb/sthexistedorwaspresent痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
【例句】1)WefinallytracedhimtoanaddressinChicago.
2)Thefamilyaretryingtotracethemissingdog.
3)ThemurdererwastracedtoParis.
4)Shecouldtraceherfamilytreebacktothe16thcentury.
5)Theleakwaseventuallytracedtoabrokenseal.
6)BronxresidentstracetheirfamiliesbacktoDutchsettlers.
7)It'sexcitingtodiscovertracesofearliercivilizations.
8)Policesearchedtheareabutfoundnotraceoftheescapedprisoners.
【翻译】1)我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。
2)全家人正在设法找寻失踪的狗。
3)那个凶手被追踪到巴黎。
4)她能把本族家谱追溯到16世纪。
5)最后查出泄漏是由于密封处破裂所致。
6)布朗克斯居民将自己的家族追溯到荷兰移民者们。
7)发现以前文明的遗迹,真令人兴奋。
。
8)警方搜索了那一地区,但未发现越狱逃犯的任何踪迹。
【搭配】verb[VN]
Øtracesb/sth(tosth)查出;找到;发现;追踪
Øtracesth(back)(tosth)追溯;追究
【辨析】
pursue,follow,chase,hunt,trace,track,trail
这些动词均含“跟随,追踪”之意。
pursue:
指坚持不懈、毫不动摇地紧跟、追赶某人、某物或某个事业。
follow:
普遍用词,含义最广,多指跟随起引导作用的人或物,跟随的动机可以是善意的,也可能是恶意的。
chase:
指快速追赶或决心追踪,褒义贬义均可用。
hunt:
原义为"追猎、猎取",现用于指追捕或搜寻逃犯等。
trace:
指根据线索或足迹进行跟踪。
用于抽象意义时指找到某事物的根源。
track:
指沿着人或动物留下的印迹或行迹追踪。
trail:
一般指跟踪追击。
8.reward
【释义】verb[VN][oftenpassive]togivesthtosbbecausetheyhavedonesthgood,workedhard,etc.奖励,
奖赏;酬谢,报答
noun [C,U]athingthatyouaregivenbecauseyouhavedonesthgood,workedhard,etc.奖励;回报;报酬:
【例句】1)Herewardedushandsomely(=withalotofmoney)forhelpinghim.
2)Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.她因自己所作的努力而得到一笔奖金。
3)Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedwithasmi