精品考研英语二真题及答案.docx

精品考研英语二真题及答案.docx

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精品考研英语二真题及答案

2019年全国硕士研究考试英语二真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwashadtomyoverallfitnessgoats.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.

Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feelhowyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However

2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces

3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally

4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting

5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach

6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction

7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith

8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate

9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods

10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed

11.[A]track[B]overlook[C]conceal[D]report

12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor

13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D]prepare

14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests

15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick

16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign

17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish

18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming

19.[A]ifbecause[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming

20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing　　

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp______.

A）regulateachild'sbasicemotions

B）improveachild'sintellectualability

C）fosterachild’smoraldevelopment

D）intensityachild'spositivefeelings

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe______.

A）deceptive

B）burdensome

C）addictive

D）deception

23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat______.

A）emotionsarecontext-independent

B）emotionsaresociallyconstructive

C）emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

D）anemotioncanplayopposingroles

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

25.Theword“transgressions”（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto_______.

A.teachings

B.discussions

C.restrictions

D.wrongdoings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthelardercallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafine,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat_______.

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto_______.

A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_______.

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.Whati