英语专业考研复习资料北京外国语大学基doc.docx

英语专业考研复习资料北京外国语大学基doc.docx

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英语专业考研复习资料北京外国语大学基doc

北京外国语大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题

Pleasewritealltheanswersontheanswersheets.

TimeLimit：

3hours

Thetotalpointsforthisexamare150points

LReadingComprehension（50points）

AMultipleChoice（24points）

PleasereadthepassagesandchooseA>B.CorDtobestcompletethestatementsaboutthem.

TheQuietCrisis

ClosegamesfortheAmericanswererareinpreviousOlympics,butnowitappearstobesomethingtheAmericansshouldgetusedto.

Youcouldfindnobettermetaphorforthewaytherestoftheworldcannowcompetehead-to-headmoreeffectivelythaneverwithAmericathanthestrugglesoftheU.S.Olympicbasketballteamin2004・TheAmericanteam,madeupofNBAstars,limpedhometoabronzemedalafterlosingtoPuertoRico,Lithuania,andArgentina・Previously,theUnitedStatesOlympicbasketballteamhadlostonlyonegameinthehistoryofthemodemOlympics.RememberwhenAmericasentonlyNCAAstarstotheOlympicbasketballevents?

Foralongtimetheseteamstotallydominatedallcorners・Thentheystartedgettingchallenged・Sowesentourpros.Andtheystalledgettingchallenged・Becausetheworldkeepslearning,thediffusionofknowledgehappensfaster;coachesinothercountriesnowdownloadAmericancoachingmethodsofftheInternetandwatchNBAgamesintheirownlivingroomsonsatelliteTV.ManyofthemcanevengetESPNandwatchthehighlightreels.Andthankstothetripleconvergence,thereisalotofnewrawtalentwalkingontotheNBAcourtsfromallovertheworld一includingmanynewstarsfromChina,LatinAmerica,andEasternEurope・TheygobackandplayfortheirnationalteamsintheOlympics,usingtheskillstheyhonedinAmerica.SotheautomaticAmericansuperiorityoftwentyyearsagoisnowgoneinOlympicbasketball.TheNBAstandardisincreasinglybecomingaglobalcommodity一purevanilla.IftheUnitedStateswantstocontinuetodominateinOlympicbasketball,wemust,inthatgreatsportscliche,stepitupanotch・Theoldstandardwon^tdoanymore.AsJoelCawleyofIBMremarkedtome,"Starforstar,thebasketballteamsfromplaceslikeLithuaniaorPuertoRicostilldon'trankwellversustheAmericans,butwhentheyplayasateam一whentheycollaboratebetterthanwedo,theyareextremelycompetitive?

9

Thereissomethingaboutpost-worldWarIIAmericathatremindsmeoftheclassicwealthyfamilythatbythethirdgenerationstartstosquanderitswealth.Themembersofthefirstgenerationarenose-to-the-grindstoneinnovators,thesecondgenerationholdsitalltogetherthentheirkidscomealongandgetfat,dumb,andlazyandslowlysquanderitall.Iknowthatisbothoverlyharshandagrossgeneralization,butthereis,nevertheless,sometruthinit.Americansocietystartedtocoastinthe1990s,whenourthirdpostwargenerationcameofage.Thedot-comboomlefttoomanypeoplewiththeimpressionthattheycouldgetrichwithoutinvestinginhardwork.AllittookwasanMBAandaquickIPO,oroneNBAcontract,andyouweresetforlife.Butwhilewewereadmiringtheflatworldwehadcreated,alotofpeopleinIndia,China,and

EasternEuropewerebusyfiguringouthowtotakeadvantageofit.Luckyforus,weweretheonlyeconomystandingafterWorldWarII,andwehadnoseriouscompetitionforfortyyears.Thatgaveusahugeheadofsteambutalsoahugesenseofentitlementandcomplacency一nottomentionacertaintendencyinrecentyearstoextolconsumptionoverhardwork,investment,andlong-termthinking.Whenwegothitwith9/11,itwasaonce-in-a-generationopportunitytosummonthenationtosacrifice,toaddresssomeofitspressingfiscal,energy,science,andeducationshortfalls一allthethingsthatwehadletslide.Butourpresidentdidnotsummonustosacrifice.Hesummonedustogoshopping.

Thetruthis,weareinacrisisnow,butitisacrisisthatisunfoldingveryslowlyandveryquietly.ItisaquietcrisisandthisquietcrisisinvolvesthesteadyerosionofAmerica'sscientificandengineeringbase,whichhasalwaysbeenthesourceofAmericaninnovationandourrisingstandardofliving・

"Theskyisnotfalling,nothinghorribleisgoingtohappentoday,”saidJackson,aphysicistbytrainingwhochoosesherwordscarefully.uTheU.S.isstilltheleadingengineforinnovationintheworld.Ithasthebestgraduateprograms,thebestscientificinfrastructure,andthecapitalmarketstoexploitit.ButthereisaquietcrisisinU.S.scienceandtechnologythatwehavetowakeupto.TheU.S.todayisinatrulyglobalenvironment,andthosecompetitorcountriesarenotonlywideawake,theyaremnningamarathonwhilewearerunningsprints・Ifleftunchecked,thiscouldchallengeourpreeminenceandcapacitytoinnovate・”

Anditisourabilitytoconstantlyinnovatenewproducts,services,andcompaniesthathasbeenthesourceofAmerica'shornofplentyandsteadilywideningmiddleclassforthelasttwocenturies・ItwasAmericaninnovatorswhostartedGoogle,Intel,HP,Dell,Microsoft,andCisco,anditmatterswhereinnovationhappens・ThefactthatallthesecompaniesareheadquarteredinAmericameansthatmostofthehigh-payingjobsarehere,evenifthesecompaniesoutsourceoroffshoresomefunctions.Theexecutives,thedepartmentheads,thesalesforce,andtheseniorresearchersarealllocatedinthecitieswheretheinnovationhappened・Andtheirjobscreatemorejobs.Theshrinkingofthepoolofyoungpeoplewiththeknowledgeskillstoinnovatewontshrinkourstandardoflivingovernight.Itwillbefeltonlyinfifteenortwentyyears,whenwediscoverwchaveacriticalshortageofscientistsandengineerscapableofdoinginnovationorevenjusthigh-value-addedtechnologywork•Thenthiswon'tbeaquietcrisisanymore,saidJackson,MitwillbetherealMcCoy.°

Today,AmericansarefeelingthegradualandsubtleeffectsofglobalizationthatchallengetheeconomicandstrategicleadershipthattheUnitedStateshasenjoyedsinceWorldwarII.Asubstantialportionofourwork-forcefindsitselfindirectcompetitionforjobswithlower-wageworkersaroundtheglobe,andleading-edgescientificandengineeringworkisbeingaccomplishedinmanypartsoftheworld・Thankstoglobalization,drivenbymoderncommunicationsandotheradvances,workersinvirtuallyeverysectormustnowfacecompetitorswholivejustamouse-clickawayinIreland,Finland,China,India,ordozensofothernationswhoseeconomiesaregrowing・Thishasbeenaptlyreferredtoas"theDeathofDistance：

（1）WhyNBAwasmentionedinthispassage?

A.Itservesasametaphortoillustratehowtheglobeiscompetinghead-to-headwithU.S.

B.ItpresentsafactthatNBAisnowperformingverypoorly.

C.ItsendsamessagethattheU.S.overallstrengthisdropping.

D・ItwarnstheAmericansofthegravesituationthatthestatusofitssuperpowerdoesnotexistanylonger.

（2）"Starforstar,thebasketballteamsfromplaceslikeLithuaniaorPuertoRicostilldon'trank

wellversustheAmericans,butwhentheyplayasateam一whentheycollaboratebetterthanwedo—theyareextremelycompetitive.Inthissentence,"Starforstar..."means.

A.whenoneteamplaysagainstanother

B.Theplaceofthestarsinateam

C.Thetimethestarisonthecourt

D.Whenindividualplayersoftheteamsarcplayingagainsteachother

（3）Itisstatedinparagraph3thatpeopleareadmiringtheflatworld.Whatdoes“flat'、mean?

A.Itmeansthattheworldisgettingbiggerandbiggerandpeoplearelosingalotofchoices.

B.Itmeansthattheworldisgettingsmallerandglobalizationisthedominanttrend.

C.Itmeansthattheworldisgettingsmallerandeasier（ocontrol.

D.Itmeansthattheworldstopsbeingaroundglobe・

（4）TheauthorthinksthatthethirdgenerationofAmericans・

A.arenose-to-the-grindstoneinnovators

B.archoldingthewealthalltogether

C・arebecomingmorediligentandhardworking

D.arestartingtosquandertheirwealth

（5）Whatcanbeinferredoftheauthor^feelingaboutthefactthatmanybigcompaniesareheadquarteredinAmerica?

A.Negative.

B.Indifferent.

C.Positive.

D.Worried・

（6）Whatdoesthewordaptlyinparagraph7mean?

A.Suitably.

B.Fortunately.

C.Adaptively.

D.Inappropriately.

（7）The"DeathofDistance”refersto.

A.thedyingeconomyintheU.S.becauseofthecompetitionsfromIreland,Finland,ChinaandIndia

B.lheintensifiedcompetitionbetweentheU.S.andothercountriesduetoglobalizationandadvancedCommunications

C.theeconomiesinIrelandandFinlandthatoutperformthoseinChinaandIndia

D.theclosenessofcountrieslikeIrelandandFinland,ChinaandIndia

（8）Thetitleofthispassage'"TheQuietCrisis"suggeststhat.

A.thecrisisthattheUS・facesisseenclearly

B.theU.S.isnotyetinacrisis

C.thecrisisthattheU・S・facesunfoldsveryquickly

D.thecurrentcrisisdevelopsslowly

TheNatureofCivilizations

DuringthecoldwartheworldwasdividedintotheFirst,SecondandThirdWorlds.Thosedivisionsarenolongerrelevant.Itisfarmoremeaningfulnowtogroupcountriesnotintermsoftheirpoliticaloreconomicsystemsorintermsoftheirlevelofeconomicdevelopmentbutratherintermsoftheircultureandcivilization.

Whatdowemeanwhenwetalkofacivilization?

Acivilizationisaculturalentity.Villages,regions,ethnicgroups,nationalities,religiousgroups,allhavedistinctculturesatdifferentlevelsofculturalheterogeneity.ThecultureofavillageinsouthernItalymaybedifferentfromthatofavillageinnorthernItaly,butbothwillshareinacommonItalianculturethatdistinguishesthemfromGermanvillages.Europeancommunities,inturn,willshareculturalfeaturesthatdistinguishthemfr