高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时15阅读理解七选五.docx
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高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时15阅读理解七选五
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时15阅读理解七选五
一、题型特点
阅读理解七选五主要考查对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。
七选五以考查细节理解为主。
文章以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。
短文的特点如下：
（1）选材特点：
短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240词左右，选项词数60词左右；
（2）篇章结构常为：
提出问题——解决问题；
（3）七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类；
（4）选项均为完整句子，句型不一；
（5）顺序通常按长度排列。
二、解题技巧
1．通读全文
快速浏览文章，寻找主题句，弄清文章结构及文章内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首句及末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式较为常见。
首段一般是全文的主题所在，说明文章将探讨的内容，并会简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。
掌握首句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果首句是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有一个整体的了解。
如果首句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。
这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需要在文章中的其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
2．略读段落
在短时间内找出每段的关键词。
明确各段的主题句或段落大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干段落。
各段落会围绕文章主题展开，对文章主题从不同的方面进行叙述。
找出各个段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为解答题目作好铺垫。
3．定位选项
明确各备选项的含义，抓往其中的关键词语，根据文章结构与具体内容将选项填入文中，填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空白所在段落的上、下段的写作内容，以及空白所在段落上段的尾句和下一段的首句。
将所选选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的一致关系，是否符合该处语境，能否使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都连贯。
一篇文章作为一个整体是有其写作的线索与思路的，在定位选项时，尤其要注意，文章的写作线索，文章写作思路的连贯性使文章的每个段落、每个句子都成为文章必不可少的一部分。
如果选项放入空白处后，文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其他选项。
4．通读复检
将所选选项代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯，各段内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当，从而判断选择的选项是否正确。
同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
5．研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
【典题演练】
（xx·全国新课标Ⅰ卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping，Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers，inmyeyes，werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites，illcookedmeals，andunfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothinginmonwithme.__1__
Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.__2__Wesleptinatent，cookedoveranopenfire，andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork，recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.
Iwas，nevertheless，talkedintogoingonanotherfunfilledholidayinthewilderness.__3__Instead，wehadapopupcamperwithfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynaturelovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.
__4__Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently，weboughtatwentyeightfoottraveltrailerpletewithabathroomandabuiltinTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom，amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.
__5__Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater，everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Iremendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.
A．Thistimetherewasnotent.
B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.
C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.
D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen，however.
E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlyetoenjoycamping.
F．Afterthetrip，myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.
G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.
【能力提升】
A
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
TheiPhone,theiPad,eachofApple'sproductssoundscoolandhasbeeafad（一时的风尚）.__1__Andmanyotherbrandsarefollowingsuit.TheBBC'siPlayer—whichallowsWebuserstowatchTVprogramsontheInternet—adoptedthetitleinxx.Alovelybear—popularintheUSandUK—thatplaysmusicandvideoiscalled“iTeddy”.__2__
Ingeneral,singleletterprefixes（前缀）havebeenpopularsincethe1990s,whentermssuchasemailandemercefirstcameintouse.
Most“i”productsaretargetedatyoungpeopleandconsideringthemajorreadersofIndependent's“i”，it'snosurprisethatthey'veselectedthisfashionablename.
__3__Whynotuse“a”，“b”，or“c”instead?
AccordingtoTonyThorne,headoftheLanguageCenteratKing'sCollege,London,“i”worksbecauseitsmeaninghasbeeambiguous.WhenAppleuses“i”，nooneknowswhetheritmeansInternet,information,individualorinteractive,ThornetoldBBCMagazines.“EvenwhenApplecreatedtheiPod,itseemsitdidn'thaveonecleardefinition，”hesays.
“However,thankstoApple,thetermisnowassociatedwithportability（轻便）.”addsThorne.
__4__Eachpersonbelievestheyhavetheirownneeds,andwelovepersonalizedproductsforthisreason.
Alongwith“Google”and“blog”，readersofBBCMagazinesvoted“i”asoneofthetop20wordsthathaveetodefinethelastdecade.
Butashistoryshows,peoplegrowtiredoffads（时尚）.Fromthe1900sto1990s,productswith“2000”intheirnamesbecamefashionableastheyearwasassociatedwithallthingsadvancedandmodern.__5__.
A．Butit'shardtoseewhat'ssospecialabouttheletter“i”.
B．Theletter“b”replacesletter“i”tonametheproducts.
C．Applehascleverlytakenadvantageofthepoweroftheletter“i”.
D．However,asweenteredthenewcentury,thetrendinevitablydisappeared.
E．Nowadays,the“i”termoftenremindspeopleoftheproductswhichareenvironmentallyfriendly.
F．AversionofLondon'sIndependentnewspaperwaslaunchedlastweekunderthename“i”．
G．Clearlytheletter“i”alsoagreeswiththeideathattheWesternWorldiscenteredontheindividual.
B
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sometimespeopleeintoyourlifeandyouetorealizethattheyweremeanttobethere,toservesomesortofpurpose,teachyoualesson,ortohelpyoufigureoutwhoyouareorwhoyouwanttobee.Youneverknowwhothesepeoplemaybe（possiblyyourroommate,neighbor,coworker,longlostfriend,lover,orevenapletestranger）.__1__
Andsometimesthingshappentoyouthatmayseemhorrible,painful,andunfairatfirst,butinreflectionyoufindthatwithoutoveringthoseobstaclesyouwouldhaveneverrealizedyourpotential,strength,willpowerorheart.Everythinghappensforareason.Nothinghappensbychanceorbymeansofgoodluck.__2__Withoutthesesmalltests,whatevertheymaybe,lifewouldbelikeasmoothlypaved,straight,flatroadtonowhere.__3__
Thepeopleyoumeetwhoaffectyourlife,andthesuccessanddownfallsyouexperience,helptocreatewhoyouareandwhoyoubee.Eventhebadexperiencescanbelearnedfrom.__4__Ifsomeonehurtsyou,betraysyou,orbreaksyourheart,forgivethem,fortheyhavehelpedyoulearnabouttrustandtheimportanceofbeingcautiouswhenyouopenyourheart.Ifsomeonelovesyou,lovethembackunconditionally,notonlybecausetheyloveyou,butbecauseinaway,theyareteachingyoutoloveandhowtoopenyourheartandeyestothings.
__5__Appreciateeverymomentandtakefromthosemomentseverythingthatyoupossiblycan,foryoumayneverbeabletoexperienceitagain.Talktopeoplethatyouhavenevertalkedtobefore,andactuallylisten.Letyourselffallinlove,breakfree,andsetyoursightshigh,holdyourheadupbecauseyouhaveeveryrightto.Tellyourselfyouareagreatindividualandbelieveinyourself,forifyoudon'tbelieveinyourself,itwillbehardforotherstobelieveinyou.
A．Makeeverymomentcount.
B．Moneyisveryusefulbuttheycan'tbuyanything.
C．Itwouldbesafeandfortable,butdullandratherpointless.
D．Infacttheyareprobablythemostmiserableandimportantones.
E．Thingsoftenturnoutinanunfavorablewaythatyoureluctantlyexpect.
F．Butwhenyoulockeyeswith（目光锁定于）them,youknowinaninstantthattheywillaffectyourlifeinsomeway.
G．Illness,injury,love,brilliantachievements,andsheerstupidityalloccurtotestthelimitsofyoursoul.
C
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Areyouasaveroraspender?
Apennysavedisapennyearned.__1__“Puttingmoneyawayforarainyday”isanotherwaytotalkaboutsavingforthefuture.
Peoplewhohatetospendmoneyareknownas“tightwads”，whilethosewholiketogetthemostvaluefortheirmoneyarecalled“thrifty”.Athriftypersonisdifferentfromaspendthrift.__2__Peoplelikethatareoftensaidtospendmoney“likeadrunkensailor”or“likethere'snotomorrow”．
IntheUnitedStates,peoplewhowanttostartasavingsaccounthavedifferentchoicesofwheretoputtheirmoney.Theseincludebanksandcreditunions.Creditunionsarecooperativesforpeoplewhohavesomekindofconnection.Forexample,themembersmightworkforauniversityoragovernmentagency.__3__
Creditunions,banksandotherfinancialinstitutionspayinterestonsavingsaccounts.Buttheinterestratesarelow.Certificatesofdeposit（存款）payhigherreturns.Withacertificateofdeposit，apersonagreesnottowithdrawthemoneyforacertainperiodoftime.__4__Longertermsandlargeramountspayhigherinterest.Peoplecanwithdrawtheirmoneyearlybuttheyhavetopayapenalty（罚金）．
Inanumberofcountries,peoplehavebeensavinglessovertheyears.Itisreportedthatinxx,Americanshadahouseholdsavingsrateof7%.__5__ManyEuropeancountrieshavehigherrates,butAmericanssavemorethanfamiliesinJapan.
A．Beforegold,evenkingstakeofftheirhats.
B．Peoplearewillingtosavemoneyforthefuture.
C．Mostcreditunionsarenonprofitorganizations.
D．Thisyeartherateisexpectedtobealittlemorethan4%.
E．Aspendthriftissomeonewhospendsmoneywastefully.
F．Thisoldsayingcallsattentiontothewisdomofsavingmoney.
G．Thistermcouldbeanywherefromafewmonthstoseveralyears.
D
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyanimalsleeps，butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedtosleep，theydiewithinamonth.__1__
Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.__2__Weknowthat，whileawake，freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing（加强）connectionsbetweenbraincells，butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.
Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons（神经元）inthebraincanbeweakenedovernight，makingroomforfreshmem
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