语言学试题与答案汇编.docx
《语言学试题与答案汇编.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《语言学试题与答案汇编.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
语言学试题与答案汇编
还有一点就是ｂｅａｄｗｏｒｋ公司在“碧芝自制饰品店”内设立了一个完全的弹性价格空间：
选择饰珠的种类和多少是由顾客自己掌握，所以消费者可以根据自己的消费能力进行取舍；此外由于是顾客自己制作，所以从原料到成品的附加值就可以自己享用。
体现市民生活质量状况的指标---恩格尔系数，上海也从1995年的53.4%下降到了2003年的37.2%，虽然与恩格尔系数多在20%以下的发达国家相比仍有差距，但按照联合国粮农组织的划分，表明上海消费已开始进入富裕状态（联合国粮农组织曾依据恩格尔系数，将恩格尔系数在40%-50%定为小康水平的消费，20%-40%定为富裕状态的消费）。
（二）创业优势分析
市场环境所提供的创业机会是客观的，但还必须具备自身的创业优势，才能使我们的创业项目成为可行。
作为大学生的我们所具有的优势在于：
上述所示的上海经济发展的数据说明：
人们收入水平的增加，生活水平的提高，给上海的饰品业带来前所未有的发展空间，为造就了一个消费额巨大的饰品时尚市场提供了经济基础。
使大学生对DIY手工艺品的时尚性消费，新潮性消费，体验性消费成为可能。
可是创业不是一朝一夕的事，在创业过程中会遇到很多令人难以想象的疑难杂症，对我们这些80年代出生的温室小花朵来说，更是难上加难。
2、传统文化对大学生饰品消费的影响
根据调查资料分析：
大学生的消费购买能力还是有限的，为此DIY手工艺品的消费不能高，这才有广阔的市场。
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
1. DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.
2. Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.
3. Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.
4. Insemantics,meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.
5. Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.
6. Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.
7. Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.
8. Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality.
9. “itishot.”isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.
10. Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitispredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
11. S________canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.
12. Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnod______linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.
13. R______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
14. Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds________.
15. Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalledh__________.
16. R_________oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.
17. C____analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.
18. Whetherasentenceissemanticallymeaningfulisgovernedbyrulescalleds________restrictions,whichareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.
19. Ana________isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelement（s）inasentence.
20. Accordingtothen____theoryofmeaning,thewordsinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
21.Thenamingtheoryisadvancedby________.
A.Plato
B.Bloomfield
C.GeoffreyLeech
D.Firth
22.“Weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.”Thisstatementrepresents_______.
A.theconceptualistview
B.contexutalism
C.thenamingtheory
D.behaviorism
23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A. Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.
B. Senseisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.
C. Senseisabstractandde-contextualized.
D. Senseistheaspectofmeaningdictionarycompilersarenotinterestedin.
24.“CanIborrowyourbike?
”_______“Youhaveabike.”
A.issynonymouswith
B.isinconsistentwith
C.entails
D.presupposes
25.___________isawayinwhichthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.
A.Predicationanalysis
B.Componentialanalysis
C.Phonemicanalysis
D.Grammaticalanalysis
26.“alive”and“dead”are______________.
A.gradableantonyms
B.relationalopposites
C.complementaryantonyms
D.Noneoftheabove
27._________dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.
A.Reference
B.Concept
C.Semantics
D.Sense
28.___________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.
A.Polysemy
B.Synonymy
C.Homonymy
D.Hyponymy
29.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled______________.
A.homonyms
B.polysemy
C.hyponyms
D.synonyms
30. Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedby_______.
A.grammaticalrules
B.selectionalrestrictions
C.semanticrules
D.semanticfeatures
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
31. semantics
32. sense
33. reference
34. synonymy
35. polysemy
36. homonymy
37. homophones
38. Homographs
39. completehomonyms
40. hyponymy
41. antonymy
42. componentialanalysis
43. grammaticalmeaning
44. predication
45. Argument
46. predicate
47. Two-placepredication
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.
48. Whydowesaythatameaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents?
49. Whatiscomponentialanalysis?
Illustrateitwithexamples.
50. Howdoyoudistinguishbetweenentailmentandpresuppositionintermsoftruthvalues?
51. Howdoyouaccountforsuchsenserelationsbetweensentencesassynonymousrelation,inconsistentrelationintermsoftruthvalues?
关于DIY手工艺制品的消费调查52. Accordingtothewaysynonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifysynonymsinto?
Illustratethemwithexamples.
营销调研课题53. Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?
Howtheydiffer?
SuggestedAnswers
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
l.F
2.F
3.T
4.F
5.T
6.T
7.F
8.T
9.T
10.T
II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
11. Semantics
12. direct
13. Reference
14. synonyms
15. homophones
16. Relational
17. Componential
18. selectional
19. argument
20. naming
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
2l.A
22.B
23.D
24.D
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.C
29.D
30.A
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
31.Semantics:
Semanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.
32.Sense:
Senseisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contextualized.
33.Reference:
Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience
34.Synonymy:
Synonymyreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.
35.Polysemy:
Polysemyreferstothefactthatthesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.
36.Homonymy:
Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.
37.Homophones:
Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,theyarecalledhomophones.
38.Homographs:
Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,theyarehomographs.
39.Completehomonyms:
Whentwowordsareidenticalinbothsoundandspelling,theyarecalledcompletehomonyms.
40.Hyponymy:
Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.
41.Antonymy:
Antonymyreferstotherelationofoppositenessofmeaning.
42.Componentialanalysis:
Componentialanalysisisawaytoanalyzewordmeaning.Itwasproposedbystructuralsemanticists.Theapproachisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents,whicharecalledsemanticfeatures.
43.Thegrammaticalmeaning:
Thegrammaticalmeaningofasentencereferstoitsgrammaticality,i.e.itsgrammaticalwell-formedness.Thegrammaticalityofasentenceisgovernedbythegrammaticalrulesofthelanguage.
44.Predication:
Thepredicationistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.
45.Argument:
Anargumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication.Itisgenerallyidenticalwiththenominalelement（s）inasentence.
46.Predicate:
Apredicateissomethingthatissaidaboutanargumentoritstatesthelogicalrelationlinkingtheargumentsinasentence.
47.Two-placepredication:
Atwo-placepredicationisonewhichcontainstwoarguments.
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.
48. Whydowesaythatameaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents?
Themeaningofasentenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponentsbecauseitcannotbeworkedoutbyaddingupallthemeaningsofitsconstituentwords.Forexample:
（A）Thedogbittheman.
（B）Themanbitthedog.
Ifthemeaningofasentencewerethesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents,thentheabovetwosentenceswouldhavethesamemeaning.Infa
升级会员 