8初中八大时态被动语态.docx
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8初中八大时态被动语态
8初中八大时态,被动
语态
-CAL-FENGHAl-(2020YEAR-YICAlMINGBIAN
动词时态和语态语法学案
【学习内容】动词的时态:
时体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
-般
一般现在时do/does
一般过去时did/Were
一般将来时
WiIldo
一般过去将来时
WOUlddo
进行
现在进行时am/is/areCIOing
过去进行时was/weredoing
将来进行时WiIlbedoing
过去将来进行时
WOUldbedoing
完成
现在完成时has/havedone
过去完成时Haddone
将来完成时
WiIlhavedone
过去将来完成时
WOUld
havedone
完成进行
现在完成进行时has/havebeendoing
过去完成进行时hadbeendoing
将来完成进行时
Willhavebeendoing
过去将来完成进行时∙WOUldhavebeendoing
一.一般现在时:
(动词原形)
sb+be(am∕is∕are)+表语,sb+do∕does+n(宾语)
(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态:
e.g.Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.
HeisalwaysreadytohelpOtherS・
(2)表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。
e.g.TheSUnrisesintheeastandSetSintheWeSt・
(3)用在状语从句中,构成"主将从现"的句子结构。
e.g・IWiIlIetyouknowasSOOnasIhearfromhim・
(4)表示已安排或计划好将来必定发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用be,COmeZ
go,arrive,leave,Start等动词。
e.g.MybirthdayfallsOnMay2.
TheShiPIeaVeSat9:
00a.m
(5)图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景等。
(6)由here,there,nowjthen开头的句子
e.g・Theregoesthebell・
NOWCOmeSyourturn.
二、一般过去时:
(动词过去式)
sb+be(was∕were)+表语,sb+did(动词过去时)+n(宾语)
表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用
yesterday^IaStnight,in1990,twodaysago,thedaybeforeyesterday,IaSt
summer,atthattime
e.g.HeClidn,tWatChTVIaStnight.
3.一般将来时:
(WiIl(ShaII)do)
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用tomorrow,nextyear,nextweek9inthefuture,thedayaftertomorrow□e・g・HeWiIlbebackinafewdays・
注意将来时儿种形式的区别:
WiII(Shall)do,begoingtodo,beabouttodo,bedoing,betodo,do/does
(1)Will(ShaIl)do表示将来要出现的动作或状态;表示事物的必然趋势;表示主语的
"意愿".will还有临时决定去做.
e.g・TOmWillCOmebacknextWeek・
ManWiIldieWithOUtair.
-WhOWiIlgoandhelpthatPOOrOldman?
-MaryWiIl.(玛莉愿意。
)
(2)begoingtodo表示即将会…,打算将・・・(人打算去做);表示根据现在的现象对未来进行推断.
e.g・HeisgoingtoSPeakOnTVthisevening・
他计划今晚到电视台讲话.
LOOkatthedarkCIOUdS・Itisgoingtorain.
⑶beabouttodo即将...(马上要发生的动作.),此句型不与时间状语连用.
e.g.Thetrainisabouttoleave.火车就要开了.
⑷bedoing表示定于...(指接近的将来动作)
e.g・HeisIeaVingforHOngKOngtomorrowmorning・
他定于明天早晨到香港去.
(5)betodo
1表示按讣划或安排要做的事情(定于∙∙.,指预定的将来动作)
e.g.PreSidentBUShistoViSitChinanextmonth・
Sheistogetmarriednextmonth・
2表示"应该"(指令性的动作)”相当于ShOUld∕must∕haveto
e.g.ThiSmedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday.
YOUaretoreporttothePOliCe・
3表示"想,打算",相当于intend,Want.(能用在从句当中)
e.g・IfWearetobetherebeforeten,we,llhavetogonow.
4betobedone的被动语态
e.g.Thenewsistobefoundintheeveningpaper.
⑹do/does表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态.一般表示规定好的动作或状态.
e.g・ThetrainIeaVeSat8o'clock・
TheCIaSSbeginsat9o'clock・
4.过去将来时:
(WOUIddo;was/weregoingtodo)
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。
e・g・NOOneknewheWaSgoingtoCOme・
HeSaidthatheWOUldgototheCinema・
5.现在进行时:
(am/is/are+doing)
1•表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或IJ前这段时间内正在进行的动作∙
e.g・IWaShavingbreakfastat7inthemorning.
TheyareIearningChineseinBeijing・
2.bealwaysdoing表示反复出现或习惯性动作,带有赞赏,厌恶等惜绪.
e.g.HeisalwaysthinkingOfOtherS
HeisalwaysmakingtheSamemistakes・
3.用进行时可以表示过程
e.g.It,sgettingCOlcI.
TheIeaVeSOnthetreesareturningbrown.
六、过去进行时:
(WaS∕were+doing)
表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示也可由上下文暗示。
常用时间状语:
then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday
e.g.ASIWaSWalkinginthepark,itbegantorain
TheyWereIiSteningtotheteacherattentivelyWhenthebellrang.
七、将来进行时:
(WiIlbedOing)
表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g.IWiIlbebusythisevening.IWiIIbeWritinganarticle.
八、现在完成时:
(have/has+done)
现在完成时是以过去的时间为起点,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或表示一个动作从过去延续到现在。
现在完成时的时间状语:
SOfar,SinCeZfor,inthePaStfewyears,UPtonow,till(until)now,recently,foraIOngtime,already,yet,justzbefore,recently,IateIy(注:
already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中,且常位于句末)
e.g・HehasbeenintheLeagUeforthreeyears・
Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet・
WehavealreadyWOrkedOUtthatPrOblem・
注意:
SinCe从句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词,句子意思是肯定的含义,即:
自从干…至今•…但是从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,句子的意思是否定的,即:
自从不干..已经..
e.g・Itis20yearsSinCeWeCamehere・
自从我们来这儿已经20年了.
Itis20yearsSinCeWeIiVedhere・
自从我们不在这儿住已经20年了.
常见的瞬间动词有:
come7go,getto/reach/arriveat,leave,buy,sell,open,close,getup,join/takePartin,begin/start,return/give,borrow/lend,become/turn,bring∕takezjump,die,finish/end,receive/hearfrom,marry,break,IOSeo
That∕ltisthefirst/SeCOnd...timethat从句(从句要用现在完成时态)
e.g.ThiSisthefirsttime(that)IhaveCOmehere・
注意:
做题的时候,一定要先审清题,然后在做,出题时可能会利用你的思维定式,给你设下套儿•
e.g.IinLOndOnformanyyears,butl,veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisionto
movebacktoChina.
A.IiVedB.WaSIiVingC.haveIiVedD・hadIiVed
注霍一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
HiSbrotherWaSinthearmyforfiveyears.他的兄弟旳过5年兵。
(现已退役)
HiSbrotherhasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears.他的兄弟已当兵5年。
(现仍在部队里)
九.过去完成时:
(haddone)
过去完成时表示过去的过去,即一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生.
e.g.SheSaid(that)ShehadneverbeentoPariS・
WhenthePOIiCearrived,thethieveshadrunaway・
过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现.
SbhaddoneSthbeforeSbdid/SbdidSthafterSbhaddone
e.g.Ihadr√tIearnedanyEngliShbeforeICamehere・
我来这儿之前没学过英语。
IWentOUtforaWaIkafterIhaddonemyhomework・
做完作业之后,我出去散步.
注意:
做题的时候,一定要先审清题,然后在做,出题时可能会利用你的思维定式,给你设下套儿•
HefootballregularlyformanyyearsWhenheWaSyoung.
A.hasPIayedB.hadPlayeelCPIayedD・PIayS
(1)过去完成时的时间状语:
byIaStyear/bythetimeof,by+含一般过去时态的句子表示"至∣J...为止"
e.g.EdiSOnhadbuiltaChemiStryIabbythetimeheWaSten
注意下面的句子:
e.g.Bythetimeherealizeshe_intoatrap,it,llbetooIateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.
A.WaIkSB.WaIked-ChasWaIkedD・hadWalked
(2)用于hardly...when,noSOOner...than的句式中,表示"一…就…"
e.g・WehadhardlyCOmehomeWhenitrained・
HardIyhadWeCOmehomeWhenitrained.
(3)用在"ItWaSthefirst/SeCOncl...time+thaf,句型中
用在"Itwas/hadbeen+—段时间SinCeSbhaddonew句型中
e.g.ItWaSthethirdtimethathehadmadethemistakes.
ItWaStenyearsSinCeWehadhadSUChaWOnderfUltime・
十、将来完成时:
(WiIlhavedone)
常用的时间状语:
by+表示将来的时间
e.g.BythistimeOfnextyear,allOfyouWiIlhavebecomeCOIIegeStUdentS・
、现在完成进行时(has/havebeendoing)—直做…
表示一个动作开始于过去,并一直持续到现在,并且仍在进行。
e.g・HehasbeenIearningEnglishfor6years・
十二、过去完成进行时:
(hadbeendoing)一直做.・・
表示一个动作开始于过去,并一直持续到过去,并且仍在进行
动词的语态:
(主动语态、被动语态)被动语态:
时体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is/am/aredone
was/weredone
will/ShaIlbedone
WOUld/shouldbedone
进行
is/am/arebeingdone
was/werebeingdone
will/Shallbebeingdone
WOUld/shouldbebeingdone
完成
have/hasbeenCIOne
hadbeendone
will/Shallhavebeendone
WOUld/shouldhavebeendone
完成进行
HaVe/hasbeenbeingdone
hadbeenbeingdone
Will/ShaIlhavebeenbeingdone
WOUld/shouldhavebeenbeingdone
(l)get+过去分词表示被动,即get+done
e.g.ThePatientgottreatedOnCeaWeek・
HefellOfftheCarandgotkilled・
(2)主动表示被动的一些词:
1感官动词:
look,sound,feel,Smelltaste
系动词:
appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep
e.g.TheSteelfeelsCOld・HiSPIanPrOVed(tobe)PraCtiCaL
2sth+be+adjtodo某事做起来如何…
e.g.TheClOtheSareeasytowash.=TheCIOtheSWaSheasily・
3动词need,require,Want作"需要"解时,其后跟非谓语动词作它的宾语时,必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动式。
e.g.TheWindOWneeds/requires/WantSCleaning/tobeCleaned.
@WOrth的主语通常是物,但其后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,不能接不定式的被动式
e.g・ThebookisWeIlWOrthreading・
注意:
beWOrthyOfbeingdone=beWOrthdoing
ThebookisWOrthyOfbeingread・
⑤表示被动的词组:
Under+名词Underrepair,Undertreatment,UnderCOntrOI,beyondOnelreach,beyondbelief,inPrintZinSight,onsale,OUtOfCOntrol,OUtOffashion,forsale,forrent
(3)不能用于被动的词组.
①happen,takeplace,breakout,COmeabout,COmeout,belongto,datebacke.g.WhathashappenedOVerthere
HOWdiditCOmeabout
A.WaitS
Waiting
D・iswaiting
C,Waited
5・OnMOndaymorningsitUSUaIlymeanhourtodrivetoWOrkalthoughtheactual
A.takes
distanceisOnIy20miles.
B.istaking
6・JimaIatenightfilmathomeWhen,rightinthemiddleOfathrillingSCene,the
televisiOnWGntblank.
8・HUITyUP!
MarkandCarOlus.
9.-SOWhatisthePrOCeclure?
C.
1.
D.had
A档(巩固专练)
WhateVeryouhavefound»youShOUIdgiveitbacktoWhOmeVerit
B.hasfixedOn
D・hadbeenfixedOn
theworld'seconomy.
A・isfixingOn
C.isbeingfixedOn
A.taught
B.havetaught
4.IWOUIdhavehelpedyou,butItheWhOleWeek・
A.WaSreallyOCCUPied
B.reallyOCCUPied
C・havereallyOCCUPied
D・WiIlbereallyOCCUPied
5.-TOmisSOjoyfulthatheSmileSateveryone.
-SOYOU讦yougetthefirstintheexam・
A.doB.areC・WOUId
D・WiIl
6・-WhatWereyoudoingWhenLUCyinyesterday?
—Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkandtotakeashower.
A.dropping:
Start
B.haddropped;Started
C.dropped:
haveStarted
D・dropped;WaSStarting
7.ItogoforaWaIkrbutSOmeOnGCaIIedandICOUIdnZtgetaway.
A.WaSPIanningB.PIanned
C・hadPIannedD・WOUIdPIan
8.—Mom,WhereismyIunChpack?
—JustWhereit・
A.hasbeenB・hadbeenC・WaSD・be
9.—WillyoubeabletoSeeJGnn讦erzsParentsWhenthefirstCIaSSisover?
—I,mafraidnot」aIeCtUreOnBntiShIiteratUreinthehall・
A.WiIlattendB.amattending
C.WillbeattendingD・amgoingtoattend
10.WeforCheaPhousesbuthaver√tfoundWeIikeyet.
A.arelooking;OneB.havelooked:
it
C.havebeenlooking:
OneD・looked;them
B档(提升精练)
11.WeareCOnfidentthattheGnVirOnmentbyOUrfurthereffortstoreducePOIIUtiOn・
A.hadbeenimproved
B.Willbeimproved
C.isimproved
D・WaSimproved
12・TheWaterSUPPlyhasbeenCUtOfftemPOrariIybecausetheWOrkerSOneOfthemain
PiPeS・
A.hadrepaired
B.haverepaired
C.repaired
D・arerepaidng
13.ArOUndtwoo'clockeveryniβht>SUeWiIlStarttalkinginherdream・ltSOmeWhatus.
A.bothers
B.hadbothered
C・WOUIdbother
D・bothered
14.Ifnothin,theOCeanSWiIlturnintofishdeserts・
A.does
B.hadbeendone
C.WiIldo