阅读理解不同题型解题技巧.docx
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阅读理解不同题型解题技巧
专题三 阅读理解
（这是边文，请据需要手工删加）
高考阅读理解要求考生在25～30分钟的时间内完成对四篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解，是整个高考试题中难度最大、区分度最高的题型。
它不仅考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思，更重要的是通过表层意思去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。
它是对考生能力、智力、心理的综合检验。
Ⅰ.常用阅读方法
第一招 跳读
又称略读，就是以尽快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的标题、起始段或结尾段、每段的首尾句以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语等重要部分，以了解文章的大意或主题思想。
即有选择地阅读，在文章中找到一个或几个关键词。
用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、why之类的问题最为有效。
例如：
1．（2014·高考江西卷）ChineseFolkDancing：
ColorfulChinesedanceandmusicalperformancesbyTheChineseFolkDancingSchoolofSydney.Dancesinclude：
theGoldenstickdanceandtheChinesedrumdance.AfeaturewillbetheQindynastyEmperor’scountdance.AlsoincludedisashowoffacepaintingforBeijingoperaperformances.
Sunday29JuneandWednesday2JulyintheTurbineHall，at11.30am&1.30pm.
WhencanyouwatchtheChinesedrumdance?
A．OnJuly2. B．OnJuly3.
C．OnJuly6.D．OnJuly8.
解析：
选A。
细节理解题。
根据ChineseFolkDancing部分第二句“Dancesinclude：
theGoldenstickdanceandtheChinesedrumdance.”可知包括了Chinesedrumdance。
而ChineseFolkDancing的时间是“Sunday29JuneandWednesday2JulyintheTurbineHall，at11.30am&1.30pm.”。
故A项正确，在July2可以欣赏到Chinesedrumdance。
2．（2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ）Giventhatmanypeople’smoods（情绪）areregulatedbythechemicalactionofchocolate，itwasprobablyonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodymadethechocolateshopsimilartoadrugstoreofChinesemedicine.LookinglikeasettingfromthefilmCharlie&theChocolateFactory，Singapore’sChocolateResearchFacility（CRF）hasover100varietiesofchocolates.ItsfounderisChrisLeewhogrewupathisparents’cornerstorewithonehandalmostalwaysinthejarofsweets.
Whatisgoodaboutchocolate?
A．Itservesasasuitablegift.
B．Itworksasaneffectivemedicine.
C．Ithelpsimprovethestateofmind.
D．Itstrengthensbusinessrelations.
解析：
选C。
细节理解题。
根据文章第一句可知，巧克力中化学成分可以调整人的情绪，故选C。
第二招 寻读
寻读又称查读，即带着问题去快速阅读，以求在短时间内准确地寻找到我们所需要的信息。
通过“寻读”锁定特定的信息和内容，比如数字、日期、人名等。
快速地捕捉和理解与题干有关的事实细节，不必细读全文。
寻读时要以很快的速度扫视文章，确定所查询的信息范围。
例如：
1．（2014·高考安徽卷）
PersonalRobot
Makeyourparentsandteachershappy！
Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime？
Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou？
Youdon’tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandpersonalrobot.Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround，puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed.
Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures（特点）：
·weighsonly500grams
·includeslong lastingbatteries
·comeswitha5 yearguarantee
·rememberssimpleinstructions
Originally（最初）soldfor$499
NOWONLY$299
WithhelpfromaMr.H，youcan________．
A．stopusingbatteries
B．finishyourhomeworkontime
C．rememberyourteachers’instructions
D．getyourroomtidiedonyourwayhome
解析：
选B。
细节理解题。
利用“寻读”迅速锁定第一则广告中含有Mr.H的句子“Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime？
”“Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.”可得出正确答案为B项。
2．（2013·高考江苏卷）Ifadiversurfacestooquickly，hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence，ifthebubbles（气泡）accumulateinajoint，issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain，theconsequencecanbedeath.
Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?
A．Atwistedbody.
B．Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.
C．Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.
D．Adropinbloodpressure.
解析：
选A。
细节理解题。
根据thebends可定位到文章第一段。
由“Theconsequence，ifthebubbles（气泡）accumulateinajoint，issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.”可知答案。
abentbody和atwistedbody是同义转换。
由第二句的“...suddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.”可知这是说的thebends的形成原因，故C和D项错。
而B项文章中没有提及。
第三招 研读
通过略读了解文章主旨和通过查读找到了相关的范围之后，在相关范围内逐句、逐词地阅读，不仅要理解其字面意思，而且要通过分析、综合、比较、联想等思维方法，并结合自己已有的知识和经验进行推理、判断，来理解文章的深层含义，以及作者的立场、观点、态度或意图等。
例如：
1．（2014·高考安徽卷）YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka，butforthepast27years，thisassociation，foundedbyBillDrayton，hasfoughtpoverty（贫困）andsickness，promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses，Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld’smostpromising“changemakers”seekingtosolve（解决）urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.
Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout，youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy，healthy，contributingadult.Infact，itismanyyoungpeople’sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka，whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity，helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.
WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets，attractingratsanddisease，theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost（把……制成堆肥）thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers（化肥）whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst，theywererefused，butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade，theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14，000.
DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious，practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.
Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAshoka’sprogramcanbedescribedas________．
A．changingB．forgiving
C．cautiousD．positive
解析：
选D。
观点态度题。
根据文章第一段中的“...hasfoughtpoverty（贫穷）andsickness，promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses”的描述以及文章第二段“Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.”直接讲明了作者的态度是“乐观的”，因此是积极的。
故D项为正确答案。
2．（2012·高考江苏卷）“Itrulybelievewe’reatagoldenageofagriculture.Globaldemandisatanall timerecordhigh，andglobalsuppliesareatalltimerecordlows，”saidMattRush，directoroftheTexasFarmBureau.“Productioncostsaregoingtobevaluableenoughthatyoungerpeoplearegoingtohavetheopportunitytobeinvolvedinagriculture.”
TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.TheNationalYoungFarmers’Coalitionhasalsobeenpushingforstateandfederalpolicychangestomakeiteasierfornewfarmers.
AccordingtoMattRush，Americanagriculturewillprovideopportunitiesforyoungerpeoplebecause________．
A．thegovernmentwillcoverproductioncosts
B．globalfoodsupplieswillbeevenlower
C．investmentinagriculturewillbeprofitable
D．Americawillincreaseitsfoodexport
解析：
选C。
推理判断题。
根据“Globaldemandisatanall timerecordhigh，andglobalsuppliesareatalltimerecordlows...”可推断MattRush认为，全球对农业的需要达到了最高，而全球的供应则达到了最低，故在农业上投资肯定会获利，即C项正确。
Ⅱ.常用突破方法
一、带着问题，速读全文。
首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。
其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
例如：
1．（2014·高考安徽卷）Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity？
Inordertoanswerthisquestion，wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However，theremaybeotherreasons—forexample，economic（经济的）reasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So，letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?
Inmyview，newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed，therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebeenplacedverysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.Aslongasthebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominate（影响）itssurroundingstoomuch，itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.
Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilt（破坏）theareatheyarein，butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimplybecausepeoplearenaturallyconservative（保守的）anddonotlikechange.
Althoughwehavetorespectpeople’sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings，Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomove_things_forward．Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore，wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus，Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent，eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.
Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A．Toexplainwhypeopledislikechange.
B．Towarnthatwecouldenduplivingincaves.
C．Toadmithownewbuildingshaveruinedtheirsurroundings.
D．Toarguethatmodernbuildingscanbebuiltinhistoricareas.
解析：
选D。
主旨大意题。
文章开头提出论题“Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity？
”通过新旧建筑物的对比，得出结论“Thus，Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent...”可知D项为正确答案。
2．（2012·高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ）Coldweathercanbehardonpets，justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter（住所）astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.
WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1?
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