短文改错专题复习.docx

短文改错专题复习.docx

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短文改错专题复习

短文改错专题复习

[复习讲义]

英语复习短文改错专题

NMET短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：

一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。

二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。

许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。

具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：

一．时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。

例1．       Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourfootballteam.（NMET’98）全文都是一般现在时，此句中was虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。

例2．       Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.（NMET’2000）

此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered保持一致，须改为calmed。

例3．       Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.（NMET’93）第一个is与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语inthepast一致。

二．主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。

例4．Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.

（NMET’2000） 主语为AandB时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。

例6．Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrong… （NMET’98）  此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing才可与此处其它部分一致。

三．平行一致

notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…以及and,but,or等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。

在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。

例7．Playingfootballnotonlymakes…butalsogiveusasense offairplayandteamspirit.（NMET’98）依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文makes保持一致，改为gives.

例8．Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation anddrovemetotheirhome.（NMET’96）此句中的drove应与前文tomeet保持平行，故改为drive。

四．数的一致      名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致

例9．Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,

Chinese…（NMET’97）quiteafew只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject应改为subjects.

例10．They…askedmelotsofquestion.（NMET’96）与lotsof保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.

五．主饰一致     句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。

除了例9，例10外，还有

例11．…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.（NMET2001）

all若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。

subject该为subjects。

例12．Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedme

success.（NMET2000） all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate应为schoolmates.

例13．Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…（NMET’99）

Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately才可保持一致。

例14．I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.（NMET’95）修饰名词，应为awonderfultime.

六．指代一致    用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。

例15．TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.

（NEMT’96）TheSmiths为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数their.

例16．IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.（NMET’97）

此处应为作主语的关系代词which.

例17．AndIcan’tforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.（NMET’95）

此处I应作介词的宾语，故改为me才可保持一致。

七．语态一致     句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。

例18．Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.（NEMT’94）

与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。

八．搭配一致     句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。

例19．IfeltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.（NMET’2000）后

跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。

as改为that.

例20．Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.（NMET’97）

lookforwardto中to是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。

例21．Butitdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.（NMET’2000）

与其后ornot保持一致时应用whether。

例22．Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters---inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.（NMET2001）

inanyotherwords意为“换言之”，应为inotherwords。

九．逻辑一致

例23．Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.（NMET’2000）

上下文看，应为She---myEnglishteacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but应为and。

例24．Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.（NMET’99）

从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone改为everyone或everybody.

例25．Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewantto winthegame.（NMET’98）通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.

[实战演练一]

⑴MostfamiliesinChinahopedtheirsinglechildrenwill        76．_______

haveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren. 77．_______

Sodoteachersinschools!

Manychildrenaregivensomuch       78．_______

homeworkthattheyhavehardlyanysparetimehavesports.      79．_______

Thechildrenareforbiddentodoanythingbuttostudy.No       80．_______

wondersomanychildrenaretiredoflessons.Someeven         81．_______

attackorkillhisparentsandteachers!

Ibelievemanypeople  82．_______

alreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.      83．_______

Shouldn’twedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?

Nowour            84．_______

governmentismakingoutaplantosolvetheeducationproblems .85．_______

⑵Nowadays,almosteveryfamilyhasTVset,andalmost           76．_______

TVhasmanyadvantages,forexample,itinformsusthe          78．_______

latestnewswhichishappeningintheworld;itcanopenour     79．_______

eyes,enlargeourknowledgeandalsohelpustoseemore        80．_______

abouttheworlD．But,italsohassomedisadvantages.People    81．______

wastetoomuchtimeinwatchingTVandhisnormallife           82．_______

andworkareaffecteD．Tothechildrenwhotheyspendtoo       83．_______

muchtimeinwatchingTV,itcandoharmfultotheirsight      84．_______

andhealthy.SoweshouldcontrolthetimeofwatchingTV.      85．_______

⑶AfewmonthsafterreturningtheUSfromGermany,Itook      76._______

partinacollegecourseinFrench.SinceIhavelearned        77._______

tosayGermanwellinGermany,Ithoughtitmightbe             78.______

interestedtobeginstudyinganotherlanguage.Atthe            79._______

firstclass,theteacheraskedustodoapronunciation          80._______

exerciseinithewouldsayawordortwoinFrench,and        81._______

eachstudentwoulddotheirbesttocopy.Whenhegotto       82._______

me,hekepthavingmetosaymorewords,andI                  83.______

finallyaskedhimwhy.“Ifinditgreatfun,”sheexplained   84._______

it.“In25yearsofteachingatschool,it’sthefirsttime    85._______

I’veheardanAmericanspeakFrenchwithaGermanaccent.”

⑷TheHuaiheRiverhasbeenseriouspolluted.Dayandnigh76._______　　　　millionsoftonsofwastewaterisbeingpoureddowntofrom     77._______　　　　?

hundredsoffactories.Thewastewaterisharmful.At present　　　78._______　　　　?

thereisnofishinit.Theriverwatercannotbedrunk.Peoplein79._______

eitherbankhavetodigwellstotakedrinkingwater.The Huaihe　　 80._______

Riverissuchdirtyandpoisonousthatpeopledon’tdareswim　　       81._______　　　　?

init.Somethingmustbedonetostoppingthepollution.The　  82._______　　　　?

governmentandthepeopleneartherivermusttrytoclearwater    83._______

assoonaspossible.Nowspecialattentionhaspaidtothe         84._______

willbepreventedinthenearfuture.?

Howareyou?

TodayI’vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.      76._______

IhaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinAustraliaformy   77._______

furthereducation.Onehundredandtwentystudentstookexam        78._______

forit,butonlyafewwaschosenandIwasoneofthem.However,   79._______

myparentsarenothappyaboutit.Theyarestrongagainstme       80._______

goingthere.Theysayitistoofarawaythattheywillnotseeme  81._______

forawholeyearandtheyareafraidofIwillfeellonely.They    82._______

can’timagineagirlsoyounglivealone.Theyadvisemetostudy  83._______

inthecapitalinstead.ThenI’llbeabletocontinuelivingwith  84._______

them.HowcanIpersuadethemtoacceptthefactIhavegrownup?

   85._______   Bestwishes,

Jane

⑹Aperson’sagenolongertellsyousomethingabout          76.________  hissocialposition,marriageorhealthy.There’snolonger,      77.________

aparticularyearwhichonegoestoschoolorgoesto              78.________

workorgetsmarriedorstartafamily.Thesocialclock           79.________

thatkeptusontimeandtolduswhengotoschool,get            80.________

ajob,orstopworkingisn’tasstrongasitwasusedtobe.      81.________

Itdoesn’tsurpriseustoheara28-year-olduniversity           82.________

presidentora35-year-oldgrandmother,or70-year-old             83.________

allknow,public’sideasarechangingnowadays.                   85.________

⑺Itisdifficultforparentstoteachyourchildrentoberesponsible76.________

（有责任的）forhousework,butwithoneofthefollowedsuggestions,  77.________

youreallycangetyourchildrenhelpyouathome.Ifyougiveyour 78.________

childrentheimpressionwhichtheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,79.________

thentheywillregardthemselvesunfitorunablepersons.Unlessthey80.________

Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.Talkabout     82.________

whatthey’vedoneright,butaboutwhattheyhaven’tdone.Ifyour 83.________

triporaballgameofDad.                                         85.________

⑻BeforeIwenttoseniormiddleschool,somepeoplestold      76._______

me.“Alifeofseniormiddleschoolisunforgettable.”           77._______

WhileIfirstenteredmyseniormiddleschool,everything          78._______

seemedunpleasant.Faceallthestrangethingsaroundme,          79._______

Ioftenmissmyoldfriendsandclassmates.Ididn’twant         80._______

schoolrecordwentfrombadtoworse,especiallymy                  82._______

maths.Icouldn’tevenpasstheexam.Ilosttheheartand          83._______

missedthehappytimesalldaylong.Itoldme,“Idon’t           84._______

belongtoit.Idon’tlikethelifehere.”                         85._______

⑼TomandDickarenextdoorneighbourwhowork                 76.________

inthesameofficesotheywalkedtogethertoandfrom             77.________

office.Somedayastheywerewalkinghometogetherit             78.________

suddenstartedtorain.Tomquicklyopenedhisumbrella          79.________

andsaid,“Mywifesurelyhasforesight（预见）.Shesaid         80.________

onthismorningitwouldrainandtoldmetocarrymy              81.________

umbrellawithme.”Dicksmiledandwalkedtohim,said,           82.________

“Mywifehasevengreatforesight.Shetoldmenotto            83.________

carryanumbrellaandassheknewyouwouldcertainly              84.________

havewithyou.”