英语六级考试真题详细参考答案全三套.docx

英语六级考试真题详细参考答案全三套.docx

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英语六级考试真题详细参考答案全三套

2018年12月六级考试真题参考答案（全三套）

第一套

六级听力原文

conversation1

　　HeyIjustreadagreatbookaboutphysics。

Ithinkyou‘dlikeit。

It’scalledthephysicsoftheworld。

It‘swrittenbyascientistnamedSylviaMendez。

　　OhIreadthatbook。

Itwasgreat。

Thewriterisawarmandcompetentguidetothemysteriesofphysics。

Ithinkitpromisesenrichmentforanyreaderfromthosewhoknowlittleaboutsciencetothecareerphysicist。

　　Andit‘srefreshingtoseeastrongcuriouscleverwomanaddinghervoicetothescientificdiscourseandafieldthathasbeentraditionallydominatedbymen。

Ithinkshehastobecommendedformakinganefforttoincludeanecdotesaboutlittleknownfemalescientists。

Youknowtheywereoftenvictimsofagenerationfirmlyconvincedthatthewoman’splacewasinthehome。

　　Ilikehowthebookisclearlywrittenwitheachchapterbroughttolifebypiecesoffascinatingknowledge。

ForexampleinonechaptersheexposesamyththatI‘veheardtaughtbyuniversityphysicsprofessors。

I’veoftenheardthatmedievalglasswindowsarethickeratthebottombecauseglassflowslikeafluid。

This，sheshows，isnottrue。

Thedistortionisactuallythankstoapeculiarityoftheglassmakersprocess。

　　YeahIlikehowshecultivatesscientificengagementbyprovidingahostofDoItYourselfexperimentsthatbringthesamefoundationalprinciplesofclassicalphysicsthatgoverneverythingfromthesolarsystemtoyourkitchentable。

Fromusingcomplexlawsofphysicstotestwhetheraspinningeggiscookedtomeasuringatmosphericpressurebyliftingapieceofcardboard。

Herhands-onexamplesmakeherbookatrulyinteractiveread。

　　YesImustsaythisaequation-freebookisanidealreadforscientistsofallstripes，anyoneteachingscienceandevenpeoplewhodislikephysics。

　　Question1：

whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebookthemanrecommended？

　　Question2：

whatcanwefindinthebookthemanrecommended。

？

　　Question3：

Howdoestheauthorbringherbooktolife？

　　Question4：

Howdoesthebookcultivatereadersinterestinphysics。

　　conversation2

　　A：

Hiprofessor。

IwashopingIcouldhaveamomentofyourtimeifyou‘renottoobusy。

I’mhavingsomeproblemsgettingstartedonmydissertationandIwashopingyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtobegin。

　　B：

Sure。

Ihavequiteafewstudentsthough.Socanyouremindmewhatyourtopicis？

　　A：

thegeneraltopicIchoseisaesthetics，butthat‘sasfarasI’vegotIdon‘treallyknowwheretogofromthere。

　　B：

Yeah，that‘smuchtoolargeatopic。

Youreallyneedtonarrowitdowninordertomakeitmoreaccessible。

Otherwiseyou’llbewritingabook。

　　A：

Exactly。

That‘swhatIwantedtoaskyouabout。

Iwashopingitwouldbepossibleformetochangetopics。

I’mreallymoreinterestedinnaturethanbeauty。

　　B：

I‘mafraidyouhavetoadheretotheassignedtopic。

Still，Ifyou’reinterestedinnature，thenthatcertainlycanbeworkedintoyourdissertation。

We‘vetalkedaboutHumebeforeinclassright。

　　A：

Ohyeah，he‘sthephilosopherwhowroteaboutwhereourideasofbeautycomefrom。

　　B：

Exactly。

Isuggestyougotothelibraryandgetacopyofhisbiography。

Startfromthere。

Butremembertosticktotheparametersoftheassignment。

Thispaperisalargepartofyourcumulativegrade。

Somakesuretofollowtheinstructions。

Ifyoutakealookathisbiography。

Youcangetagoodideaofhowhislifeexperiencesmanifestthemselvesinhistheoriesofbeauty。

specificallythewayhelookedtowardsnatureastheoriginofwhatwefindbeautiful。

　　A：

Great。

Thanksfortakingthetimetoanswermyquestions，Professor。

I‘llletyougetbacktoclassnow。

　　B：

Ifthere‘sanythingelseyouneed，pleasecomeseemeinmyofficeanytime。

　　Question5：

Whatistheman‘sproblem？

　　Question6Whatdoestheprofessorthinkoftheman‘stopic？

　　Question7What’sthemanreallymoreinterestedin？

　　Question8whatdoestheprofessorsaythemanhastodo？

　　passage1

　　DuringthearcticwinterfromOctobertoMarch，theaveragetemperatureinthefrozennorthtypicallyhoversaroundminus20degreesCelsius。

ButthisyeartheArcticisexperiencingmuchhighertemperatures。

OnFebruarythe20ththetemperatureinGreenlandclimbedabovefreezingorzerodegreesCelsiusanditstayedthereforover24hours。

ThenonFebruarythe24ththetemperatureonGreenland‘snortherntipreachedsixdegreesCelsius。

Climatescientistsdescribethephenomenonasstunning。

WeatherconditionsthatdrivethisbizarretemperaturesurgehavevisitedtheArcticbefore。

Theytypicallyappearaboutonceinadecade。

However，thelastsuchincreaseintemperaturetookplacetwoyearsago。

ThisistroublingasclimbingarctictemperaturescombinedwithrapidseaicelossarecreatinganewtypeofclimatefeedbackloopwhichcouldaccelerateArcticwarming。

Indeed，seaicecoverintheArcticismeltingfasterthanexpected。

Withoutthosemassesofcoolingseaice，warmairbroughttotheArcticcanpenetratefurtherinlandthaniteverdidbefore。

Theaircanstaywarmerlongertoo。

Thisdrivesadditionalmelting。

Overallearthiswarmingatarapidpace。

2014through2017rankasthehottestyearsonrecordandtheArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastasanyplaceelseonearth。

ThisraisesuniquechallengesforArcticwildlifeandindigenouspeoplewhodependonArcticecosystemstosurvive。

PreviouslyclimateforecastspredictedthatArcticsummericewoulddisappearentirelybyaround2060，butbasedonwhatscientistsareseeingnowtheArcticmaybefacingsummerswithouticewithin20years。

　　Question9。

Whatdidclimatescientistsdescribeasstunning？

　　A）TheunprecedentedhightemperatureinGreenland。

　　Question10。

WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthattemperaturesurgeintheArctic？

　　Question11。

whatmayoccurin20yearsaccordingtoscientists’recentobservations？

　　Passage2

　　Agooddoseofwillpowerisoftennecessarytoseeanytaskthroughwhetherit‘sstickingtoaspendingplanorfinishingagreatnovel。

Andifyouwanttoincreasethatwillpower。

Anewstudysuggestsyoujustsimplyhavetobelieveyouhaveit。

Accordingtothisstudy，whatmattersmostiswhatwethinkaboutourwillpower。

Ifwebelieveit’safiniteresource，weactthatway，wefeelexhaustedandneedbreaksbetweendemandingmentaltasks。

However，peoplewhoviewtheirwillpowerasalimitlessresourcegetenergizedinstead。

Theresearchersusedapsychologicalassessmenttooltotestthevalidityofthestudy。

Theyasked1100Americansand1600Europeanstogradedifferentstatementssuchasafterachallengingmentalactivity，myenergyisdepletedandImustresttogetitrefueledagainorIcanfocusonamentaltaskforlongperiodswithoutfeelingtired。

　　[00：

01：

08]Althoughtherewaslittledifferencebetweenmenandwomenoverall。

AmericansweremorelikelytoadmittoneedingbreaksaftercompletingmentallychallengingtasksEuropeanparticipantsontheotherhandclaimedtheywereabletokeepgoing。

Basedonthefindings，theresearcherssuggestthatthekeytoboostingyourwillpoweristobelievethatyouhaveanabundantsupplyofit。

Yourfeelingsaboutyourwillpoweraffectthewayyoubehave。

Butthesefeelingsarechangeable，theysaid。

Changingyourbeliefsaboutthenatureofyourself-controlcanhavepositiveeffectsoncharacterdevelopment。

Thisleadstohealthierbehaviorsandperceptionsofotherpeople。

　　Question12Whatisoftennecessaryforcarryingthroughatask？

　　Question13Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy？

　　Question14WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanparticipantsascomparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts？

　　Question15Whatdotheresearchsayconcerningpeople‘sfeelingsaboutwillpower？

　　lecture1

　　HereismybabynieceSarah。

Hermumisadoctorandherdadisalawyer。

BythetimeSarahgoestocollegethejobsherparentsdoaregoingtolookdramaticallydifferent。

In2013，researchersatOxfordUniversitydidastudyonthefutureofwork。

Theyconcludedthatalmostoneineverytwojobshasahighriskofbeingautomatedbymachines。

Machinelearningisthetechnologythat‘sresponsibleformostofthisdisruption。

It’sthemostpowerfulbranchofartificialintelligence。

Itallowsmachinestolearnfromdataandcopysomeofthethingsthathumanscando。

Mycompany，Kaggle，operatesonthecuttingedgeofmachinelearning。

Webringtogetherhundredsofthousandsofexpertstosolveimportantproblemsforindustryandacademia。

Thisgivesusanuniqueperspectiveonwhatmachinescando，whattheycan‘tdoandwhatjobstheymightautomateorthreaten。

Machinelearningstartedmakingitswayintoindustryintheearly90s。

Itstartedwithrelativelysimpletasks。

Itstartedwiththingslikeassessingcreditriskfromloanapplications，sortingthemailbyreadinghandwrittenzipcodes。

Overthepastfewyears，wehavemadedramaticbreakthroughs。

Machinelearningisnowcapableoffar，farmorecomplextasks。

In2012，Kagglechallengeditscommunitytobuildaprogramthatcouldgradehighschoolessays。

Thewinningprogramswereabletomatchthegradesgivenbyhumanteachers。

Nowgiventherightdata，machinesaregoingtooutperformhumansattaskslikethis。

Ateachermightread10000essaysovera40-yearcareer。

Amachinecanreadmillionsofessayswithinminutes。

Wehavenochanceofcompetingagainstmachinesonfrequenthigh-volumetasks，buttherearethingswecandothatmachinescannot。

Wheremachineshavemadeverylittleprogressisintacklingnovelsituations。

Machinescan’thandlethingstheyhaven‘tseenmanytimesbefore。

Thefundamentallimitationofmachinelearningisthatitneedstolearnfromlargevolumesofpastdata。

Buthumansdon’t。

Wehavetheabilitytoconnectseeminglydifferentthreadstosolveproblems