宾语从句(经典).ppt

宾语从句(经典).ppt

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,语法名词性从句,nounclause,英语句子的种类,简单句（simplesentence）,并列句（compoundsentence）,复合句（complexsentence）,英语句子概论,简单句的五种基本句型,Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语（vt.）+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语+宾语补足语,并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。

IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:

平行并列连词:

转折并列连词：

因果并列连词:

选择并列连词:

and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,复合句:

主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom,2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome,定语从句,状语从句,3.Iknow（that）heisfromAmerica,（宾语从句）,名词性从句-,NounClauses（名词性从句）,SubjectClause（主语从句）,AppositiveClause（同位语从句）,ObjectClause（宾语从句）,PredicativeClause（表语从句）,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。

主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

同位语从句,宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。

有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。

宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：

that（that常可省略）,whether,if代词：

who,whose,what,which副词：

when,where,how,why等。

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念：

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

句子结构：

主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句,1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：

2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。

3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。

Imafraid（that）hewontpasstheexam.,Hewonderedifhecouldpasstheexam.,Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanpasstheexam.,注意：

动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。

一、从属连词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,LinTaoknows（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays（that）shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.,引导词种类,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：

“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Italldependsonwhethershelikesthebossornot.,引导词种类,二、连接代词which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

Iwonderwhowillteachus.Mr.Wangaskedwhosebookthatwas.Youcantakewhateveryoulike.,引导词种类,三、连接副词where,when,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语。

Hedidnttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?

Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.,引导词种类,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?

Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?

Idontknowhowfaritistothecinema.,Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?

Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?

Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.,CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?

二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Itoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。

Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：

连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?

4.DoesheknowFrench?

Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.,5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?

Theyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。

注意事项,Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?

Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?

Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?

2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,Shesays（that）shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid（that）hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.,3.当doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if;当doubt,doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。

Idoubtif/whetherheisathome.Wedontdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.,4.当besure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that;当besure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if。

Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon.Theoldmandidntseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.,5.介词后宾语从句的注意事项：

一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。

Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.,介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it,再加that从句，即“介词+it+that”结构。

Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.（that不能省略）,介词except,but,besides及in后可接that从句。

Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.（that不能省略）,7.只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况：

介词后宾语从句用whether,不用if.whether引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。

whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用whether.（如：

Icantdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。

）discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if。

6.在suggest,demand,order,insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“（should+）动词原形”。

Hesuggestedthatwe（should）setaboutdoingtheworkatonce.Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.Theleaderorderedthatthearmy（should）setoffatonce.,Doyouknowif_backnextweek?

Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome,7.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：

Idontknowwhenhe_（come）.Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_（come）,wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?

willcome,comes,8.连词+宾语从句连词+todo,IdontknowwhatIshalldonext.Idontknowwhattodonext.Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.,9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it这类动词主要有:

like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.,Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.,10.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.,Idontthinkhewillcometomyparty.IdontbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?

11.宾语从句不可以省略引导词that的情况当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。

except（介词）后面宾语从句中that不可以省略。

宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that不可以省略。

it作形式宾语，宾补后宾语从句中的that不省略。

Ibelieve（that）youvedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.Theteacheradvisedusthatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoreadingandwriting.WeallbelievedittruethatMr.Smithwasntathief.,1.Theshockingnewsmademerealize_terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why,2.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein_wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.A.whyB.howC.whatD.which,宾语从句专项练习题,3.Weveofferedherthejob,butIdontknow_shellacceptit.A.whereB.whatC.whetherD.which,4.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof_mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which,宾语从句专项练习题,5.-Iwonder_youllwaterthiskindofflower.-Everyotherday.A.howoftenB.howlongC.howsoonD.howmuch,6.Menusuallygostraightto_theywantandleavequicklywhenshopping.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.that,宾语从句专项练习题,7.Wehaventdiscussedyet_wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where,8.Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor_Iaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how,宾语从句专项练习题,9.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew_shewassoangry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why,10.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon_hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why,宾语从句专项练习题,