过分各功能高考例题.docx
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过分各功能高考例题
高考真题-过分各功能
1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell__________.(2005湖北)
A.tospendB.spent
C.beingspentD.spending
2.Thedisc,digitally__________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(2004上海)
A.recordedB.recording
C.toberecordedD.havingrecorded
3.Mr.Smith,__________ofthe__________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(2003北京春)
A.tired;boringB.tiring;bored
C.tired;boredD.tiring;boring
Keys:
1.B2.A3.A
简析:
例1~3的备选答案均为同一个动词的几种不同的形式,每题中备选动词的逻辑主语恰恰是其前面的名词(分别为money,disc,Mr.Smith),而且为被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语?
其中例1为限制性定语,例2例3中的名词与作定语的分词短语之间都有逗号隔开,为非限制性定语?
(另tired已经形容词化,也可以认为是形容词短语作后置定语?
)
4.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andallexpenses__________vacationtoChina.(2005北京卷)
A.payingB.paid
C.tobepaidD.beingpaid
Key:
B
简析:
上例中的过去分词作前置定语?
句中的allexpensespaidvacation意思是“全部费用已付的休假”,兼有被动和完成的意义?
总结:
过去分词作定语具有以下特点:
(1)及物动词的过去分词作前置定语具有被动和完成之意?
少数不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语只表示完成?
例如:
abrokencup一只打破的杯子(及物动词,表被动兼有完成之意)
therisensun已升起的太阳(不及物词,仅表完成)
(2)过去分词作后置定语时,相当于省略了(that/which/whobe)的定语从句?
(3)过去分词作定语时,其逻辑主语是被分词限定的名词?
二?
过去分词作表语
高考真题回顾:
5.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto__________beforetheparty.(2004全国Ⅰ)
A.getchangedB.getchange
C.getchangingD.gettochange
6.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain__________astheplanewasmakingalanding.(2004上海春)
A.seatB.seating
C.seatedD.tobeseating
Keys:
1.A2.C
简析:
例5中的getchanged和例6中的remainseated都是系表结构,其中的过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态?
过去分词作表语常用在连系动词be,get,appear,feel,remain,seem,look等之后,构成系表结构?
总结:
过去分词作表语具有以下特点:
(1)及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语之间是被动关系,既表被动,又表完成?
例如:
Thecupisbrokenbyhim.这个杯子是他打破的?
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语之间是主动关系,表示主语的状态?
只表示动作的完成,而无被动之意?
例如:
Heisretired.他已退休?
(3)许多过去分词已形容词化,表示主语的性状和特征?
例如:
excited,surprised,pleased等?
三?
过去分词作补语
高考真题回顾:
7.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit__________oftenenough.(2005天津)
A.explainingB.toexplain
C.explainD.explained
8.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents__________.(2004重庆)
A.worriedB.toworry
C.worryingD.worry
9.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__________thenextyear.(2000全国)
A.carryoutB.carryingout
C.carriedoutD.tocarryout
Keys:
7.D8.A9.C
简析:
例7是havesth.done结构,表示explain这个动作不是句子主语you而是别人完成的?
例8是getsth.done结构,此句中表示worried是parents的一种经历?
例9的难点还在于句子结构的分析,由于关系代词必须在句首,导致句子语序较乱?
定语从句部分的正常语序应是:
theywouldliketoseethat(theplan)carriedoutthenextyear.可以看出这是一个seesth.done结构?
总结:
动词后面的宾语和补足语一起叫做复合宾语,过去分词作宾语补足语时的常见句式有:
(1)使役动词或感官动词(have,make,see,hear,watch,notice,feel等)+宾语+过去分词?
(2)某些动词(keep,leave,get,find等)+宾语+过去分词?
例如:
WhenIcameintotheclassroom,Ifounditcleaned.当我进入教室时,我发现教室已被打扫干净了?
(3)介词with+宾语+过去分词?
例如:
Thechildwascryingwiththeglassbroken.玻璃杯破了,这个孩子在哭?
Withalltheworkfinished,theyhurriedbackhomeforlunch.所有的工作都完成了,他们急忙赶回家去吃午饭?
四?
过去分词作状语
高考真题回顾:
10.Sugar,when__________withwater,dissolvesquickly.(2005上海春)
A.mixedB.mixing
C.mixD.ismixed
11.__________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004湖北)
A.CompareB.Whencomparing
C.ComparingD.Whencompared
12.Whenfirst__________tothemarkettheseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(2004全国Ⅱ)
A.introducingB.introduced
C.introduceD.beingintroduced
Keys:
10.A11.D12.B
简析:
以上3例中,备选答案均为同一个动词的不同形式?
首先,我们可以确定,该动词的逻辑主语与句子主语是一致的,然后,可以确定该动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,这正符合过去分词作状语的特点?
而且过去分词前均有连词,都可以扩展成由该连词引导的状语从句,它们分别是:
(10)Whenitismixedwithwater...
(11)Whenitiscompared...
(12)Whentheseproductsarefirst
introducedtothemarket...
其中when有时侧重时间,如例12,有时侧重条件(相当于if),如例10?
13.__________intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(2005上海)
A.PutB.Putting
C.HavingputD.Beingput
14.__________inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(2005湖南)
A.DressedB.Todress
C.DressingD.Havingdressed
Keys:
13.A14.A
简析:
以上2例中过去分词前没有连词,仍然要从备选动词与其逻辑主语的主动?
被动关系入手来分析确定答案?
每个题的备选答案均提供了一个动词的不同形式,该动词的逻辑主语与句子主语是一致的,且与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,符合过去分词作状语的特点?
15.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,__________.(2004上海春)
A.exhausting
B.exhausted
C.beingexhausted
D.havingexhausted
16.__________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.(2005江苏)
A.HavinglostB.Lost
C.BeinglostD.Losing
Keys:
15.B16.B
简析:
以上2例中的过去分词均已形容词化,例15中的exhausted表示状态,本题甚至可以认为是形容词作状语?
例16中lost与句子主语之间是逻辑上的系表结构,即:
Thetwostudentswerelostinthemountainsforaweek.
总结:
过去分词作状语时具有以下特点:
(1)过去分词作状语表示被动或完成,有时既表被动又表完成?
(2)过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致?
此时,要分析过去分词与句子主语之间是否有逻辑上的主谓关系?
(3)过去分词作状语扩展成状语从句?
(4)作状语的过去分词前面可以加上适当连词,如:
When,while,until,if,once等,这实际上是过去分词在省略句中的运用?
五?
过去分词作独立成分
17.__________thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(NMET2000北京春季)
A.GivenB.Togive
C.GivingD.Havinggiven
Key:
17.A
【简析】此处given是介词,意为“假设;如果有;考虑到”,句意为“鉴于他总的健康状况,手术后康复还需要一段时间”?
另外,given作为这一含义时,还可作连词,后接从句?
例如:
Itseemedbad-temperedtosendhimaway,giventhatheonlywantedtakephotographs.
以上高考题中,无一例外地用了现在分词作为干扰项,尤其是现在分词的被动式(beingdone)也表被动关系,但它表示正在进行的被动动作,意思是“正在被……”,而过去分词常表示“已经被……”?
过去分词既表被动又表完成,且只有“done”一种形式,有时可与现在分词的完成被动式(havingbeendone)互换,但后者更强调时间性?
【巩固练习】
1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,__________as3M.(2004浙江)
A.knowingB.known
C.beingknownD.tobeknown
2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe__________murderlastnight.(2004
江苏)
A.advisedB.attended
C.attemptedD.admitted
3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce__________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(2002全国)
A.beginsB.havinggegun
C.beginningD.begun
4.When__________help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou”.(2005福建)
A.offeringB.tooffer
C.tobeofferedD.offered
5.__________bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(2004辽宁)
A.AttractingB.Attracted
C.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted
6.__________inl636,Harvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheunitedstates.(2000上海)
A.BeingfoundedB.Itwasfounded
C.FoundedD.Founding
7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget__________bythehour.(1998全国)
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
8.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot__________frommyfriends.(2001全国)
A.separatedB.spared
C.lostD.missed
9.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands__________behindhisback.
(1990全国)
A.beingtiedB.havingtied
C.tobetiedD.tied
10.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself__________.(1991
全国)
A.hearB.tohear
C.hearingD.heard
11.—Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?
—I’dliketohavethispackage__________,madam.(1989全国)
A.beweighedB.tobeweighed
C.toweighD.weighed
12.Mostoftheartists__________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(1990全国)
A.invited
B.toinvite
C.beinginvited
D.hadbeeninvited
13.Thecomputercenter,__________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.(1993全国)
A.openB.opening
C.havingopenedD.opened
14.Thefirsttextbooks__________forteachingEnglishasaforeignLanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(1994全国)
A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten
C.beingwrittenD.written
15.TheOlympicGames,__________in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.(1997全国)
A.firstplaying
B.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayed
D.tobefirstplaying
16.__________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(1996全国)
A.LosingB.Havinglost
C.LostD.Tolose
Keys:
1.B2.C3.D4.D5.B6.C7.C8.A9.D10.D11.D12.A13.D14.D15.C16.C