单元练习高一英语单元练习十四内容必修三 Unit 4.docx
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单元练习高一英语单元练习十四内容必修三Unit4
高一英语单元练习(十四)
练习内容:
必修三第四单元
一、阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,共20分)
A【b】
Manypeoplewillremembertheflightofthespaceshuttle(航天飞机)Challenger,inJune,1983.TheachievementofSallyRide,America’sfirstwomanastronauttoflyintospace,madethisflightespeciallymemorable.StudentsfromtwohighschoolsinNewJersey,however,arelikelytorememberNormaratherthanSallywhenevertheythinkabouttheflight.
Normadidn’ttravelalone.Shebroughtabout100companionsalongwithher.Normawasanant,aqueenantwho,withhersubject,madeupthefirstantcolony(群体)totravelintospace.Theantswerepartofascienceexperimentdesignedbythestudentstotesttheeffectsofweightlessnessoninsects.
Theequipmentdesignedbythestudentsfortheircolonyfunctionedperfectlythroughoutthelongspacetrip.Theyoungscientistsandtheirteacherswereverysadtofindthattheirinsectastronautshadalldiedatsomepointbeforethecontainerwasreturnedtotheschoolandopened.Theproblemdidnothappeninspace,butonthegroundafterChallengerhadlanded.Thecontainerremainedinthedesertfornearlyawholeweekbeforetheantcolonywasmoved.Thehot,drydesertairdriedoutthecolony’scontainerandtheantsdiedfromlackofwater.
Theprojectwastermedsuccessbecauseitdidprovideusefulinformation.Studentswillcontinuetheireffortstofindoutwhatwentwrong.Theywilltrytopreventthesamedifficultiesfromreoccurringonfuturemissions.Theydon’twanttobediscouragedeitherbythedemiseoftheantsorbythe$10,000shuttlefaretheywillhavetopaytosendthenextcolonyofantsintospace.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
A.America’sfirstwomanastronaut—SallyRide.B.Howtokeepantsaliveinspace.
C.Howtomakeequipmentforinsectsinspace.D.Anexperimentwithantsinspace.
2.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthattheunderlinedword“demise”means“ ”.
A.deathB.colonyC.insectD.moisture
3.Theprojectwasn’tafailurebecause .
A.everythingwentassmoothlyasexpectedB.thestudentshadexactlyfoundoutthereason
C.somethingimportanthadbeenlearnedD.thestudentshadsucceededintheexperiment
4.Wecanconcludethatants onthenextspacetrip.
A.willhavetobekeptaliveinacontainerfullofwater
B.willhavetobesentintospacewiththefirstwomanastronaut
C.shouldbeputintoacontainerwherethereisenoughfood
D.shouldbeputintoacontainerwhichisnottoodry
B【c】
OnJuly20,1969,AmericansNeilArmstrongandEdwin“Buzz”Aldrinbecamethefirsthumanstosetfootonthemoon.ItwasanimportantmomentinAmericanhistory.MoreUSmissionstothemoonfollowed.Now,twocongresswomenwanttoprotectthelunarlandingsitesbygrantingthemthesameprotectiongiventonationalhistoricalparks.OnJuly8,abillcalledtheApolloLunarLandingLegacyActwasintroduced,whichwouldsetupanationalparkonthemoon.
ThepurposeoftheactistoprotectthesitesforscientificresearchandtoimprovepublicunderstandingoftheApolloprogram.Apolloist
henameofthespacecraftusedbyAmericanastronautsbetween1969and1972.Ifpassed,thebillwouldprotectartifacts,suchasfootprints
andequipment,leftbehindduringthesevenApollomissions.ItwouldalsorequiretheUnitedStatestoasktheUnitedNationstonametheApollo11landingsiteasaWorldHeritageSite.
“Inthelightofothernationsandprivatebeingsdevelopingoralreadyhavingdevelopedtheabilitytogotothemoon,theUnitedStatesmustbeactiveinprotectingartifactsleftbythesevenApollolunarlandings,”CongresswomanJohnsonsaidinane-mailmessage.“Thisbillwillhelpensurethatthisuniqueaspectofourculturalheritageispreserved.”
SomecriticssaythatthebilldoesnotrequireimmediateattentionbecauseNASAdoesnothaveplanstoreturntothemoon.CountrieslikeChinaandJapanhaveonlypredictedaboutsendingpeopletherearound2025,butnooneknowswhetherthatwillhappen.Othercriticsquestionwhetherthebillcanbecarriedoutandsaythatitmayevenbreakaninternationaltreaty.In1967,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionagreedthatnocountrycouldmakeaclaimonthemoon.
Now,morethan40yearssincethelastApollomission,theApolloLunarLandingLegacyActismakingitswaythroughCongress.“Iknowthatitcansoundimpossibletosaythatwearegoingtohaveanationalparkonthemoon,”saidCongresswomanJohnson.Butshebelievesit’simportanttoprotectthelunarlandingsites.“TheseareanimportantreminderofwhathasmadeAmericagreatandserveasaninspirationforfuturegenerations.”
5.ThebillApolloLunarLandingLegacyActwasintroducedto .
A.celebratethefirstlandingonthemoonB.setupanationalparkonthemoon
C.sendamannedspacecrafttothemoonagainD.emphasizethemomentinAmericanhistory
6.AccordingtothepassageApolloLunarLandingLegacyAct .
A.
istobepresentedtotheUNB.ispartoftheApolloprogram
C.isculturalheritageD.ismeanttopreserveartifacts
7.Somecriticswhodoubtthebillarguethat .
A.thebillitselfisagainstaninternationaltreatyB.Chinaissuretosendpeopleonthemoonaround2025
C.thebillshouldrequireimmediateattentionD.NASAshouldplantoreturntothemoon
8.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat .
A.thebillisgoingtobepassedB.Johnsonisconfidentofthebill
C.thelunarlandingsiteswillbedestroyedD.thelandingsitesmaketheAmericanproud
C
Englishisfastbecomingthelanguageofsciencearoundtheworld,butwhatisitsfutureamongeverydayspeakers?
Oneexpertpointsoutthatthepercentage(比率)ofnativeEnglishspeakersisdeclining(降低)globallywhilethelanguagesofotherrapidlygrowingregionsarebeingspokenbyincreasingnumbersofpeople.ButEnglishwillcontinuetoremainwidespreadandimportant.
However,BritishlanguagescholarDavidGraddolsaysEnglishwillprobablydropindominance(主导)bythemiddleofthiscenturytorank,afterChinese,aboutequallywithArabic,Hindi,andUrdu.“ThenumberofpeoplespeakingEnglishasafirstlanguagecontinuestorise,butitisn’trisingnearlyasfastasthenumbersofmanyotherlanguagesaroundtheworld,simplybecausethemainpopulationgrouphasbeenlargelyinthelessdevelopedcountrieswherelanguagesotherthanEnglishhavebeenspoken,”hesays.
InarecentarticleinthejournalScience,Mr.Graddolnotedthatthreelanguagesthatarenotnearthetopofthelistofthemostwidelyspokennowmightbetheresoon.TheseareBengali,Tamil,andMalay,spokeninsouthandSoutheastAsia.
DavidCrystal,theauthoroftheCambridgeEncyclopediaoftheEnglishLanguage,saysabout1.5billionoftheworld’ssixbillionpeoplespeakitasasecondtonguecomparedtothe400millionnativespeakers.ButanotherexpertontheEnglishlanguagesaysMr.Graddolunderestimates(低估)thefutureofitsdominance.“Nobodyquiteknowswhat’sgoingtohappenbecausenolanguagehasbeeninthispositionbefore.Butalltheevidence(证据)suggeststhattheEnglishlanguagesnowballisrollingdownahillandisgettingfaster,”hesaid.
9.InDavidGraddol’sopinion,Englishwill_______.
A.remainwidespreadandimportant B.bemoreimportantthananyotherlanguage
C.loseitsdominantpositionD.dieawayinthenearfuture
10.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimpliesthat______.
A.snowballswillrolldownfasterthanlanguageballs
B.theEnglishlanguagesnowballisrollingdownfasterthananytimeinthepast
C.Englishlanguagewillsoondropindominance
D.moreandmorelanguageuserswillchooseEnglish
11.HowmanyexpertsdoesthepassagementionwhoexpresstheirideasaboutthefutureofEnglish?
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
12.Whatshouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.EnglishRemainingtheDominantPositionB.TheFutureofEnglish?
WhoKnows?
C.OpinionsfromDifferentExpertD.TheEnglishLanguageSnowballRollingDown
D
Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises.
Anyattempttostudythedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.Itisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesasparticularlyexpressiveasdelight,pain,friendliness,andsoon.Butsincethesecan’tbesaidtoshowthebaby’sintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewwordstotheirstore.Thisself-imitation(模仿)leadsontodeliberate(有意的)imitationofsoundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothepointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.
Itisaproblemweneedtogetoutteethinto.Themeaningofaworddependsonwhataparticularpersonmeansbyitinaparticularsituationanditisclearthatwhatachildmeansbyawordwillchangeashegainsmoreexperienceoftheworld.Thustheuseatsevenmonthsof“mama”asagreetingforhismothercannotbedismissedasameaninglesssoundsimplybecausehealsousesitatothertimesforhisfather,hisdog,oranythin