书面表达中的高级结构.docx
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书面表达中的高级结构
书面表达中的高级结构
我
们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。
其实，未必如此！
通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。
下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。
一．高级词汇
1．occur替换thinkof
SuddenlyIhadanideathatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.→
Anideaoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.
Itoccurredtomethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.
2．devote替换spend
Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.→
Hedevotesallhissparetimetoreading.
3．seek替换want/lookfor
Theysought（wanted）tohidethemselvesbehindthetrees.
4．average替换ordinary
I’manaverage（ordinary）student.
5．but替换very
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.→
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasanythingbutboring.
6．seat替换sit
Onhiswaytoschool,hefoundanoldladyseated（sitting）bytheroad,lookingworried.
7．suppose替换should
Heissupposedto（should）havedrivenmoreslowly.
8．appreciate替换thank
Thankyouverymuchforyouhelp.→
Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch./Yourhelpismuchappreciated.
9．thecase替换true
Idon’tthinkitisthecase（true）.
10．on替换assoonas
Assoonashearrived,hebeganhisresearch.→
Onhisarrival,hebeganhisresearch..
11．dueto替换becauseof
Hearrivedlatedueto（becauseof）thestorm.
12．cover替换walk/read
Aftercovering（walking）10miles,weallfelttired.
13．contributeto替换 behelpful/useful
PlentyofmemoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.→
PlentyofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.
14．roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby
①Thesummervacationisroundthecorner（coming）.Doyouhaveanyplans?
②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner（nearby）.
15．cometolight替换discover
Thefamilyweresopleasedwhentheydiscoveredthelostjewels.→
Thefamilyweresopleasedwhenthelostjewelscametolight.
16．haveaball替换haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself
Aftervisitingtheworkshop,wewentbacktoschool.Everyoneofushadaball（hadagoodtime）.
17．comeupwith替换thinkof
Jackisveryclever.Heoftencomesupwith（thinksof）newideas.
18．setaside替换save
Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldsetasidesomeoftheirpocketmoneyforbooks.（2004天津卷）
19．beofn.替换adj.
Theproductsareofhighquality（verygood）andaresoldeverywhereinChina.
20．referto 替换talkabout/of,mention
Theprofessoryoureferredto（talkedabout）isveryfamous.
21．cannotbut/cannothelpbut替换havetodo
Icouldnotbut（hadto）gohome.
22．moreoftenthannot替换usually
Moreoftenthannot（Usually）,themeaningofmanywordscanbeeasilyguessed.
23．lest替换sothat/inorderthat
IwrotedownhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.→
IwrotedownhistelephonenumberlestI（should）forgetit.
24．belongforsth./belongtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishfor
Iwanttoseeyouverymuch.→
Iamlongtoseeyou.
25．becaughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换beinterestedin
Heiscaughtupin（veryinterestedin）collectingstamps.
26．morethan替换very
①I’mverygladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember.→
I’mmorethangladtolearnthatyouarecominginSeptember. （NMET2003）
②IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.（2004全国卷）
27．perfect（ly）替换good/verywell
Hespeaksperfect（good）English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly（verywell）.
28．dosba/thefavor替换help
Wouldyoupleasedomethefavor（helpme）toturndowntheradio?
29．theotherday替换afewdaysago
TheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemabybicycle.（NMET1997）
30．inthecourseof替换during
Inthecourseof（During）themountain-climbing,pleasehelpeachotherandpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.
31．themajorityof替换most
Themajorityof（Mostof）theintervieweespreferwatchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.
32．consistof替换bemadeupof
Ourclassconsistsof（ismadeupof）50students.
33．bewornout替换betired/broken
①Afterfivehours’non-stopwork,wewereallwornout（tired）.
②Myshoesarewornout（broken）.Pleasebuymeanewpair.
34．becomeof替换happen
Whatdothinkhasbecomeof（happenedto）him?
35．attendto替换lookafter
36．onconditionthat替换aslongas
37．nevertheless替换however
38．expressone’ssatisfactionwith替换besatisfiedwith
39．sparenoeffortstodo替换tryone’sbesttodo
40．manya替换many
41．berushedoffone’sfeet 替换bebusyindoing
42．ahandfulof替换alittle/some
43．meanwhile替换atthesametime
44．gettoone’sfeet替换standup
45．beneath替换under
46．occasionally替换sometimes/onceinwhile
47．forinstance替换forexample
48．seldom替换notoften
49．wealthy替换rich
50．amazing替换surprising
51．asamatteroffact替换infact
二．高级句型结构
◆It句型
①Itwillbesometimebefore…
Itwon’tbelongbeforehumansvisittheMars.
②Itisadj./n.forsbtodosth.
Itisveryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becauseithaschangedourlifesomuch.
HesaidsinceitwasanewmodelinChina,itwasimpossibletofixitwithouttherightspareparts.（2008年湖北卷）
③Itis被强调部分that…
1） ItiswhatYangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.
2）Thosewholikereadingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetourknowledge.
◆more…thananyother表示最高级
Amongtheoptionalcourses,spokenEnglishandcomputerstudyaremorepopularthananyoneelse.
◆名词从句
①Itwouldmeanagreatdealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.（2004全国卷Ⅲ）
②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
◆（非限制性）定语从句
①TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.→
TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.（NMET2003）
②Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.（2002北京卷）
◆分词结构
①Idon’tknowaboutothers,butIusedtohavetoworkevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattendingclassesaswell.（NMET2001）
②We’llmostlystayathomeintheeveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.（2004全国卷Ⅱ）
③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.（2004辽宁卷）
④BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.（2008年湖南卷）
◆with结构
①Aterribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledandalmosteightyinjured.
②Hewascarryingabedrollandalargebagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcaseinhislefthand.
◆倒装句
①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.→
Eastoftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.
②Althoughwearetired,wearehappy.→
Tiredasweare,wearehappy.
③Onlyinthiswaycanhegrowtobeausefulman.（2002上海卷）
④Mayallyourdreamscometrue!
Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendoftheuniverse.!
（2007年湖南卷）
◆被动语态
①Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.（NMET2002）
②Allclassesaretaughtbyteacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.（2004全国卷Ⅳ）
③Newfactories,housesandroadshavebeenbuilt.（2004江苏卷）
◆巧妙的改写
（1）．Only改成noonebut
OnlyTompassedtheexamlastweek.→NoonebutTompassedtheexam.
（2）．assoonas…改成Nosooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The momentNosoonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.
（3）．havesb/sthdo/done
Thegirlwasknockedoffherbicycleandhadherlegbroken（herlegwasbroken.）.
（4）．变换插入语的位置
①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbechargedlow.→
Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.（NMET2002）
②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.→
Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChinese.（2004全国卷Ⅰ）
（5）.用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei,whoissevenyearsold,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays.→
Meimei,agirlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforseveraldays. （2002上海卷）
Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittleeducation,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.（2008年湖南卷）
◆其它
（1）注重句子的开头
①用with复合结构开头
Withthesunsettinginthewest,wehadtowavegoodbyetotheworkers.
Withhishelp,we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettleproblems.（2006年湖南卷）
Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownloadwhatwewant.（2009年江苏卷）
②用非谓语动词形式开头
ⅰ）InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheldanEnglishcontest.
ⅱ）Walkingtowardsthecinema,hemetaforeigner.
（2）长短句交错使用（注意：
应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好）
◆◆相关过渡语
1）.表示时间顺序:
first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later，firstofall,finally,atlast…
2）.表示空间顺序:
near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,ononeside…
3）.表示比较、对照:
like,unlike,suchas,but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,nevertheless,otherwise…
4）.表示因果关系:
because,for,asaresult,therefore,thus…
5）.表示递进关系:
besides,what’smore,whatwasworse,moreover,furthermore, inaddition,ontopof…
6）.表示并列关系:
and,aswellas,also…
7）.表示总结性:
ingeneral,inaword,inshort,onthewhole,tosumup,inbrief, toconclude…
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