美丽中国第六集潮汐更迭汇总.docx
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美丽中国第六集潮汐更迭汇总
美丽中国（WildChina）
第六集潮汐更迭TidesofChange
从东端的长城起
FromtheeasternendoftheGreatWall,
中国的海岸跨度14,500公里
China'scoastspans14,500kilometres
并且拥有五千多年的历史
andmorethan5,000yearsofhistory.
在这个方面显示了
Thisistheareawhichshowsthegreatestcontrast
中国的过去和未来之间的差距
betweenChina'spastanditsfuture.
如今中国的东海岸线
TodayChina'seasternseaboard
有七亿人口
ishometo700millionpeople,
居住在科技高速发展的沿海城市
packedintosomeofthemostdazzlinghi-techcitiesonearth.
然而这些拥挤的海岸仍然是野生动物的一个重要财富
Yetthesecrowdedshoresremainhugelyimportantforawealthofwildlife.
现在古老的传统渐渐被新的气息所侵蚀
Now,asancienttraditionsminglewithnewaspirations,
那么在中国拥挤的海岸上还有野生动物的活动场所吗
isthereanyroomatallforwildlifeonChina'scrowdedshores?
谨以此献给我们多灾多难但美丽依旧的祖国
Forourtroubledbutdrop-deadbeautifulmotherland
在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区
InnorthernChina'sZhalongNatureReserve,
一对丹顶鹤正守望着它们的产卵领土
apairofred-crownedcraneshavestakedouttheirnestingterritory
在一个商业管理的芦苇床残株里
inthestubbleofacommerciallymanagedreedbed.
数百年来
Forcenturies,craneshavebeenreveredinChina
鹤被中国人视为长寿的象征而备受尊崇
assymbolsoflongevity.
它们的雕像被放在皇帝的宝座旁
TheirstatueswereplacednexttotheEmperor'sthrone.
鹤因此而受到赞扬
Thecraneshavecausetocelebrate.
幼鹤在困难时刻就象征着希望
Thischickisasignofhopeindifficulttimes.
丹顶鹤是世界上最濒临灭绝边缘的物种之一
Red-crownedcranesareoneoftheworld'smostendangeredspecies.
在过去的一个世纪
Overthelastcentury,
中国失去了近一半的沿海湿地
Chinahaslostnearlyhalfofitscoastalwetlands
并且大多数改造地是为了造福人类而非野生动物
andmostofwhatremainsismanagedforthebenefitofpeople,notwildlife.
从现在起的数个月
Afewmonthsfromnow,
幼鹤和它的家人将面临一场往南方的大迁徙
thischickanditsparentswillfacealongmigrationsouth
来躲避北方的严冬
toescapetheharshnorthernwinter.
它们将沿着海岸向前
Theirroutewilltakethemalongacoast
然而这些海岸已经受到人类活动的巨大影响
whichhasbeengreatlyaffectedbyhumanactivity.
在它们的征途上
Alongtheirjourney,thecraneswillbejoined
将有成千上万其他鸟类加入迁徙大军
bymanythousandsofothermigratingbirds.
它们迁徙的方向横跨南渤海湾
AllheadingsouthacrosstheBohaiGulf
沿海岸的黄海和中国东海
andalongtheshoresoftheYellowandEastChinaSeas,
最远甚至抵达中国南海someevenreachingasfarastheSouthChinaSea
寻找一个安全的冬季避难所insearchofasafewinterhaven.
每年候鸟迁徙已持续了数千年之久
Theannualbirdmigrationhasbeengoingonforthousandsofyears.
在中国东北海岸的锦屏山HereatMountJinpingonChina'snortheastcoast,
存留着人类thereissurprisingevidence
曾长期居住过的惊人遗迹thatpeoplehavelivedherealmostaslong.
七千年前Seventhousandyearsago,
少昊部落的成员雕刻下的神奇符号
membersoftheShaoHaotribecarvedmagicalsymbols
描绘出他们日常生活得到的重要原理
representingsignificantelementsoftheirdailylives.
这种岩石雕刻显示出
Thepetroglyphsshowwheatsheavesconnectedbylinestohumanfigures,
中国第一个有记录的耕种遗址thefirstknownrecordingsofcultivationinChina.
因为常年目睹群鸟迁徙的奇观Familiarwiththespectacleofyearlybirdmigrations,
少昊人选择一只鸟的符号作为他们的图腾
theShaoHaopeoplechoseasymbolofabirdastheirtotem.
锦屏山位于山东半岛附近MountJinpingliesneartheShandongpeninsula,
是候鸟的一个重要越冬场所animportantwinteringsiteformigrantbirds,
即使在今天仍然有鸟群沿着这条海岸线前进
andeventodaytherearestillcommunitiesalongthiscoastline
并且和当地的鸟群保持着密切关系whoretainaspecialaffinitywiththeirlocalbirdlife.
烟墩礁YandunJiaovillage,
位于半岛的东北岸onthenorth-easternshoreofthepeninsula,
以其传统特色的海藻覆顶建筑闻名于世
isfamousforitstraditionalseaweed-thatchedcottages.
在早春料峭的清晨Onachillymorninginearlyspring,
屈夫妇在破晓时刻出来碰运气MrandMrsQuventureoutatfirstlight
带着海民的传统工具——桶和小铲
armedwiththetraditionalseasideaccessoriesofbucketandspade.
当屈家人朝着港湾前进AstheQusheaddownintotheharbour,
一群被当地人aflockofwhooperswans,
亲切称为“冬日天使”的大天鹅knownaffectionatelyhereas"winterangels",
在海湾醒来arewakingoutinthebay.
屈家和他们的邻居在潮落的泥浆中TheQusandtheirneighbourssearchfortubeholes
寻找管状的孔inthemudatlowtide,
那里意味着有扇贝或竹蛏深藏在泥底thesignofcocklesandrazorshellshiddendeepbelow.
收集贝克是颇为流行的消遣Whilegatheringshellfishisapopularpastime,
当地人以出海为主要营生themainbusinessofYandunJiaohappensfurtheroutatsea.
当老屈站在启程船只的甲板上Astheboatssetout,withMrQuonboard,
天鹅并肩掠过theswanssetaparallelcourse.
整个海湾是一个巨型海藻农场Thewholeofthebayisagiganticseaweedfarm.
人们整天忙于清理和照料海藻叶Themenworkalldaycleaningandtendingthekelpfronds
海藻长在巨大浮标舰队互相连接的绳子上
thataregrownonropeslinkedtoavastarmadaofbuoys.
天鹅只吃长在绳子表面的本地海藻Theswanseatnativeseaweedsgrowingonthesurfaceropes
而非更有价值的产物ratherthanthevaluablecropofkelp,
所以它们无损经济作物的生长sotheydonoharmtothecommercialoperation.
下午当风在海上生起Intheafternoon,asthewindpicksupoutatsea,
工人和天鹅退回岸边theworkersandswansreturntoshore.
当追求与自然和谐的文化Whilethecultureofseekingbalancewithnature
历经远路回归中国的时候goesbackalongwayinChina,
在中国拥挤的海岸线很难看到如此和谐的人地关系
itisraretoseesuchharmoniousrelationshipsonChina'scrowdedcoast.
当夜晚降临Aseveningdrawson,
屈家人准备了扇贝theQufamilypreparetheireveningmealofcockles,
馒头和海藻做为晚膳steamedbreadandseaweed.
孩子们谈话声（KIDSCHATTERING）
剩菜被村里的孩子们用来喂天鹅Leftoversaregiventothevillagechildrentofeedtheswans.
这给孩子和村民带来许多乐趣It'sfunforthekidsandprovides
并未鸟儿们度过寒夜提供了能量补给
anextraenergyboostforthebirdsastheyfaceanothercoldnight.
天鹅已经利用这个庇护港Theswanshavebeenusingthisshelteredbay
作为冬天的过冬地atasawinterrefugeformanygenerations.
只要敬重自然的传统还在Aslongasthetraditionofrespectfornaturepersists,
烟墩礁的村民和“冬日天使”间的
thisremarkableassociationbetweentheYandunJiaocommunity
奇妙友谊就会持续下去andtheirwinterangelslookssettocontinue.
在渤海湾天鹅村的最东北处OutintheBohaiGulf,northeastoftheswanvillage,
一座小小的岩岛为迁徙的鸟儿提供了安静的歇脚地
asmallrockyislandprovidesaquietrestingspotformigratingbirds.
但是蛇岛亦潜伏着危险ButShedaoIslandhashiddendangers.
由于海平面上升蝮蛇已被困在这座岛上6000余年
Pallas'pitviperstrappedhere6,000yearsagobyrisingsealevels
这已演化成一种险恶的生存方式haveevolvedasinisterlifestyle.
每年有10个月For10monthsoftheyear
岛上没有任何食物thereisnothingsubstantialtoeatontheisland,
因此爬行类动物保持静止以保存体力
sothereptilesconservetheirenergybybarelymovingatall.
鸟群鸣叫（BIRDSCAWING）
当阳光使它们的岩石家园变暖Asthesunwarmstheirrockyhome,
这些蛇便爬进灌木树丛thesnakesclimbupintothebushesandtrees.
但是它们不是来这晒日光浴的Buttheyaren'theretosunbathe.
越来越多的毒蛇出现了Moreandmorevipersappear
事实上毒蛇占据了几乎所有栖息地untilvirtuallyeveryperchwhereabirdmightland
等着鸟们上钩hasbeenbooby-trapped.
“守猎”游戏开始了Thenthewaitinggamebegins.
蛇隐藏得很好Theserpents'camouflageisremarkable,
但是蛇攻击鸟的时候butsoarethebirds'reactions,
鸟的反应同样迅速asthishigh-speedshotreveals.
鸟群只在岛上停留几周Thebirdswillonlystayontheislandforacoupleofweeks.
但是尽管蛇已经饿了几个月了Butalthoughthesnakeshavebeenstarvingformonths,
但是它们实现饱餐一顿心愿的途径theironlyhopeofbaggingamealistobepatient
只能是潜藏起来耐心等待andsittight.
即便最微小的失误Theslightestmiscalculation
也会导致狩猎的失败andthesnakeisleftwithamouthfuloffeathers.
蛇只能通过嗅觉寻找失去的美味Thedroppedmealistrackeddownmainlybysmell,
毒蛇用分叉的舌头theviperusingitsforkedtongue
分辨空气来靠近追逐的猎物totastetheairuntilitiscloseenoughtoseeitsquarry.
最后的挑战是吞下自己头部两倍粗的食物
Thefinalchallengeistoswallowamealthat'stwicethesizeofitshead.
蛇能让下巴脱臼并合理安排食物的方向
Itdoessobydislocatingitsjawsandpositioningitsprey
使鸟嘴指向后边sothebeakispointingbackwards.
对于爬虫来说，充足的时间也很短暂Forthereptiles,thistimeofplentyisalltoobrief.
再过几个星期，迁移就要结束了Inacoupleofweeks,themigrationwillbeover
鸟群会继续前进andthebirdswillhavemovedon.
这可能是蛇六个月中的最后一餐Thiscouldbethesnake'slastmealforsixmonths.
但是并不是岛上会经历Butitisn'tjustislands
盛宴和饥馑的循环thatexperiencecyclesoffeastandfamine.
海也有季节变化Thesea,too,hasitsseasons,
沿岸的渔民都知道这个变化
afactwellknowntofishingcommunitiesalongtheneighbouringcoasts.
在初望港InChuwangharbour,
盛大的聚会是新汛期开始的证明
thestartofanewfishingseasonprovidestheexcuseforamassiveparty.
但是对于船主老赵来说ButforboatownerMrZhao,
既有庆祝又有祈祷it'sadayofprayeraswellascelebration.
老赵希望通过祭祀海神
Zhaohopesthatbypresentinggiftsandshowingrespecttotheseagoddess,
来确保他们来年捕鱼hecanhelpensureaprosperousandsafeyearahead
顺利安全forhimandhiscrew.
同时鼓声爆竹反映了古人的信念
Meanwhile,drums,firecrackersandfireworksreflecttheancientbelief
古人认为嘈杂巨响能驱赶海怪和坏运气
thatloudnoiseswillfrightenoffdangerousseadevilsandbadfortune.
台子中间的那个是海龙的象征
Occupyingcentrestageisarepresentationoftheseadragon,
传说海龙控制着水和天气mythicalrulerofwaterandweather.
夜晚风平浪静Inthecalmoftheevening,
赵先生和家人点亮了纸船灯笼MrZhaoandhisfamilylightpaperboatlanterns.
每一个闪烁的火焰带着一个愿望飘向海神
Eachflickeringflamecarriesawishtotheseagoddess,
这个传统世代传递着
atraditionpassedonfromparentstochildrenovercountlessgenerations.
在中国拥挤的海岸线上OnChina'scrowdedcoasts,
渔民们必须非常机敏fishermenneedtobeextremelyresourceful.
收渔网是一项繁重的工作Haulinginthenetsishardwork,
目前为止还没有看到鱼andsofarthere'snotafishinsight.
只有海蜇Onlyjellyfish.
每年无数的海蜇Eachyear,millionsofjellyfish
被渤海湾的水流带到南方arecarriedsouthwiththecurrentsintheBohaiGulf.
这种现象的生态学原因很复杂Theecologicalstorybehindthiseventiscomplex,
但决不是中国特有的butbynomeansuniquetoChina.
海蜇是快速繁殖的浮游生物的食物Jellyfisharefast-breedingplanktonfeeders.
近些年来人类污水和精耕细作使用的化肥
Inrecentyears,humansewageandfertilisersfromintensivefarming
增大了海湾的浮游生物繁殖速度haveincreasedplanktonbloomsintheGulf,
提供了丰富的海蜇食物providingextrajellyfishfood.
由于过度捕鱼海蜇的敌人和竞争者少了
Whileover-fishinghasreducedtheirenemiesandcompetitors.
这种现象已经
It'saphenomenonthathasbecomeincreasinglywidespread
在全球蔓延acrosstheworld'sseas.
然而别的地方认为是个问题However,whatisseenelsewhereasaproblem,
在中国却被当成机会inChinaisperceivedasanopportunity.
岸上Backonshore,
四轮车载着海蜇到附近的大商店里
mulecartstransportthejellyfishtonearbywar
升级会员 