On Early American Immigration Cultures浅析美国早期移民文化.docx

On Early American Immigration Cultures浅析美国早期移民文化.docx

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OnEarlyAmericanImmigrationCultures浅析美国早期移民文化

浅析美国早期移民文化

OnEarlyAmericanImmigrationCultures

Contents

Abstract……………………………………...…………..………I

KeyWords……………………………………………………….I

摘要………………………………………..…Ⅱ

关键词……………………………………………………Ⅱ

Introduction…………………………………………………….……...1

I.BackgroundInformationofAmericanImmigrationCultures…...2

A.ABriefIntroductionofEarlyAmericanImmigration........2

B.ABriefIntroductionofEarlyAmericanImmigrationCultures….2

II.TheSpiritsandValuesofAmericanImmigrationCultures………….4

A.EmphasisonFreedom,IndependenceandCooperation……..4

1.Freedom,IndependenceandIndividualism…………………......4

2.Cooperation……………………………………....5

B.EmphasisonPioneering,InnovativeandAdventurousSpirit..……6

C.EmphasisonEqualityandCompetition…………………7

1.Equality……………………………………..…....7

2.Competition…………………………..…...8

D.EmphasisonPragmatism………………………....9

E.MaterialismandMoneySupremacy………………...9

F.Tolerance………………………….……….10

III.ReligioninAmerica……….………..….......11

Conclusion………………………….……….…..13

Acknowledgements…………………………………..…..14

Bibliography…………………………………..…….15

Abstract:

ThemaincontentsofAmericanculturearethepursuitofdemocracyandfreedom,theadvocatingofpioneeringandcompetitionandthestressonpracticalitiesespeciallyonindividualvalue.Asweknow,unlikemostothercountriesintheworld,Americaisprimarilyanationofimmigrants.TheancestorsofAmericansemigratedfrommanypartsoftheglobe.TheformationofAmericanculturehascloserelationwiththeseimmigrants.TheseimmigrantstooktheirownculturetotherichNorthAmerica.ThemixedcultureandthelifeofAmericanformauniqueAmericanimmigrationculture.EarlyimmigrationculturelaidasolidfoundationfortheformationanddevelopmentofthemainstreamofAmericanculture.

KeyWords：

Immigrant,immigrationculture,Americanculture

摘　要:

美国文化的主要内容强调的是追求民主自由，崇尚开拓竞争，讲究理性和实用，尤其强调的是个人的价值。

众所周知，美国是一个移民国家，他的祖先来自世界各地。

美国文化的形成就与这些移民有着密切的关系。

这些来自世界各地的移民带着自己的文化传统来到北美这片肥沃的土地。

各种文化的交融和北美的生活的叠加创造了美国独特的移民文化，而早期的移民文化为当今美国主流文化的形成奠定了坚实的基础。

关键词：

移民,移民文化,美国文化

Introduction

ThemaincontentsofthispaperwilldiscusstheformationofearlyAmericanimmigrationculture.ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincludesalargevarietyofethnicgroupscomingfrommanyraces,nationalitiesandreligions.PeoplearoundtheworldrefertotheUnitedStatesasa“meltingpot”.Inhistory,peoplefromdifferentcountriesintheworldrushedtoAmerica.Immigrantsbroughtwiththemtheirnativecultural,political,andsocialpatternsandattitudes,variedacademicandreligiousbackgrounds,aswellastheirethnicarts,sports,holidays,festivals,andfoodstotheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheyhavegreatlyenrichedAmericanlife.AftertheseimmigrantssettleddowninthenortheastpartofAmerica,theyfoundtheenvironmenttherewasveryrough.Butthewiseimmigrantscontinuedtomovetothewestandfoundmuchricherland.Finally,theyfoundalandofdreamandalandoffreedomandalandofdemocracyandalandof……ThemixedcultureandthelifeintheNorthAmericacreatedauniqueculture－Americanimmigrationculture.What’stheAmericanimmigrationculture?

Howisitformed?

ThedetailedClassificationandprocessoftheformationofAmericanimmigrationculturewillbelistedinthispaper.

Ⅰ.BackgroundInformationofAmericanImmigrationCultures

ABriefIntroductionofEarlyAmericanImmigration

The“firstAmericans”weretheAmericanIndians;nooneknowsexactlyhoworwhentheygottotheplacewhichisnowcalledtheUnitedStates.SomescientiststhinkthattheycrossedfromAsiaonthelandbridgewhichconnectsSiberiaandAlaskatotheNorthAmericaContinent.Itprobablyhappenedabout30,000or40,000yearsago.BeforethediscoveryoftheNewWorld,AmericanIndianshadalreadyinhabitedthereforthousandsofyears.Theylivedonthelandbyhunting,gathering,fishingandfarming.

Inthelate15thcentury,ChristopherColumbus,anItaliannavigator,thoughthecouldreachtheFarEastbysailingwest.SupportedbytheSpanishqueen,heledhismentosailacrossthevastoceanwiththreeshipsin1492.onthemorningofOct.12,1492,ChristopherColumbusstoppedashoreonanislandinwhathassincebecomeknownastheAmericas.ThearrivalofhisshipsintheWesternHemispherewasoneofthepivotaleventsinthehistory.ItopenedupanewworldforEuropeansandinitiatedthespreadofWesterncivilizationtoanewworld.

TheperiodofexplorationanddiscoverythatbeganwithColumbusin1492soonbecameaninternationalracetoplantcoloniesaroundtheworld.ThemajorEuropeanstatesEngland,France,Spain,Portugal,andHollandviedwithoneanotherfornearlyfourcenturiestogaineconomicadvantagesintheoverseasterritories.

The17thcenturywitnessedthearrivalofGermans,Bohemians,Irish,Poles,Scots,Jews,Dutch,French,Finns,ItaliansSwedes,Danes,Slaves,andothernationalities.SlaveshipsalsobroughtblacksfromthewestcoastofAfricatoAmerica.

B.ABriefIntroductionofEarlyAmericanImmigrationCultures

Theseimmigrantsbroughtwiththemtheirnativecultural,political,andsocialpatternsandattitudes,variedacademicandreligiousbackgrounds,aswellastheirethnicarts,sports,holidays,festivals,andfoods,immigrantsfromallpartoftheworldhavegreatlyenrichedAmericanlife.TheUnitedStatesisa"meltingpot"inwhichtheforeignershavesometimesremainedculturallyandlinguisticallywhattheywereintheirnativelandsevenastheymovetowardbecomingcitizensoftheUnitedStates,

anditisstillacountrywhosepeopleshareacommonculturaloutlookandsetofvalueswhichareincludedintheAmericanimmigrationculture.

AmericanculturewerenotameretransportationfromEnglandorEurope.Largenumberofimmigrants,notonlyfromEngland,butalsofromGermany,Switzerland,Franceandmanyothercountries,pouredin.theyalladoptedtheEnglishlanguagebuttheirownculturedidnotdisappearcompletely.TheseimmigrantsjoinedtogetherandcreatedAmericanculturewhichwasablendingofEuropeanculturesundernewcircumstances.

Asweknowmostoftheearlyimmigrantswerenotreallyhappyaboutwhattheyhadexperiencedintheirhomecountries.Theywantedtotrysomenewideasandcarryoutreforms,althoughtheycouldnotbecompletelyindependentoftheoldtraditions.HardconditionsforcedthemtogiveuppartofwhathadbeendesirableandtraditionsintheOldWorld.Theyhadtoadaptthemselvestothenewenvironmentandbecamelessformalbutmorepragmatic.Theygrewlessconservativeandmoreoutspoken.Largetractsofvirginsoilpromotedthedevelopmentofcompetitionandcultivatedastrongersenseforlibertyandvariety.Theformationofanewnationbypeopleofdifferentnationaloriginsforcedsociallifetoshowmoreelasticity.Compromiseandtolerancebecameanecessity.Religionthusgraduallybecameaprivateaffair.Americanlibertyanddemocracycouldnotbeunderstoodproperlywithouttalkingintoconsiderationthecolonialtimeandthedifferentbackgroundoftheearlyimmigrants.

Ⅱ.TheSpiritsandValuesofAmericanImmigrationCultures

ntheprocessofformationofanewnation,theseearlyimmigrantssharedcommonoutlooksofthespiritsandvaluesofAmericanimmigrationcultures.Gradually,emphasisonfreedom,independenceandcooperation,pursuitsfordemocracy,individualism,etc.becamethespiritsandimportantvaluesintheAmericanimmigrationcultures.

A.EmphasisonFreedom,IndependenceandCooperation

MostoftheimmigrantscametotheAmericajustlookforfreedomandindependencebecausethereligionpersecution.AftertheseearlyimmigrantssettleddowninthenortheastpartofAmerica,theyfoundtheenvironmenttherewasveryrough.Itisdifficultforonesinglemantoliveinthiswildandhardenvironment,socooperationistheonlywaytochoose.

1.Freedom,IndependenceandIndividualism

Theearlyadventurerswereforthemostpartintenselyreligiouspeople,andthoughreligionwasnottheonlysourceofinspirationfortheirenterprise,itwasanimportantelementinasetofmotivesinwhichonecanseesignsofconsistency.ManywantedtoescapefromtheoppressivereligiousandsocialatmosphereoftheEnglandwhichtheyleftbehind.MostofthemwereProtestantsnotreadytoacceptthestructureoftheearlyadventurerswereforthemostpartintenselyreligiouspeople,andthoughreligionwasnottheonlysourceofinspirationfortheirenterprise,itwasanimportantelementinasetofmotivesinwhichonecanseesignsofconsistency.MostofthemwereProtestantsnotreadytoacceptthestructureofdoctrineandreligiouspracticeoftheChurchofEnglandwhichhadbeeninvolvedfromthereligiousReformation.InEnglandtheirbeliefscausedtheminconvenienceandsometimedanger.Freedomandindependencewerethepursuitoftheearlyimmigrants.

Thepursuitoffreedomandindependencewasreflectednotonlyinreligionbutalsoineconomicandsocialfield.WhentheearlyimmigrantcrossedtoAmerica,theybroughtwiththemacombinationofEnglishattitudesandacriticismofthoseattitudes,leadingtoadeterminationtobuildanewsocietywhichwasfreeofthebadelementsoftheold,whilepreservingthosewhichseemedtothemgood.Ononehand,theywantedastronggovernmenttokeeppeaceandorder,soastoensureprivateownershipofproperty;Ontheotherhand,theywantedthegreatestpossiblefreedomforIndividualismthusbecametheirprincipleandbelief.

Throughthehardshipoflifeinawild,newland,theimmigrantsgainedstrengthandfirmbeliefintherightsandlibertiesoftheindividualman.TheywantedtogetridoftheEuropeansocialpowerandaristocraticpolitics