甘肃省古浪县第二中学学年高二英语基础知识竞赛试题无答案.docx

甘肃省古浪县第二中学学年高二英语基础知识竞赛试题无答案.docx

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甘肃省古浪县第二中学学年高二英语基础知识竞赛试题无答案

甘肃省古浪县第二中学2020学年高二英语12月基础知识竞赛试题（无答案）

本试题共分第I卷（80分）和第Ⅱ卷（70分），共150分，考试时间120分钟请将

所有答案写在答题卡上。

第I卷（选择题，共80分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

MarySomervillewasbornin1780inBurntisland,Scotland.Hercontributiontomathematicswasinbothalgebra（代数）anddifferentialandintegralcalculus（微积分学）.

Marywasoneoftheworld’sfirstfamousfemalemathematicians.Shebecameinterestedinmathematicsanddecidedtostudyitatthetimewhenitwasconsideredunacceptableforawomantodoso.Sheboughtbooksonalgebraandgeometryandreadthematnight.Inspiteofdisapprovalfrompeoplearoundher,shefirmlywentonwithherstruggletolearn.Shewonaprizeforhersolutiontoanalgebraproblem.Shewentontowriteseveralbooksonmathematics.Laterinherlife,shethoughtdeeplyabouttheyearsinwhichshehadpersevered（坚持）almostwithouthopeandsaid,“Ittaughtmenevertoloseheart.”

Mary’swayoflearningremainsusefultoday.Ifsheworkedforawhileonaproblemwithoutcomingupwithanidea,shestoppedworkingandturnedherattentiontothepiano,herneedlework,orawalkoutdoors.Shethenreturnedtotheproblemwithafreshmindandasolutionturnedup.Ifshecouldnotunderstandapassagewhilereading,shewouldforgetaboutitandreadon;severalpageslater,themeaningofthepuzzlingpassagewouldbecomecleartoher.

1．WhydidMarydecidetostudymath?

A．Becauseshefoundmathinterestingandwantedtostudyit.

B．Becauseshewasoneoftheworld’sfirstfamousfemalemathematicians.

C．Becauseitwasnotconsideredacceptableforawomantostudymath.

D．Becauseshewasboredandhadnothingtodo.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disapproval”inParagraph2meaninthistext?

A．Disagreement.B．Agreement.C．Support.D．Discovery.

3．Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

A．Marycouldsolveanydifficultmathproblemeasily.

B．Marywas,withoutdoubt,afamousfemalemathematician.

C．Maryhadsomeusefulwaystodealwithdifficultiesinherwork.

D．Mary’swaystoovercomedifficultieswerenoteffective.

4．Accordingtothepassage,ifyouhavebeenpuzzledbyamathproblem,you’dbetter______.

A．keepworkingonituntilitissolved

B．justforgetabouttheproblem

C．turntoyourmathteacherforhelp

D．listentolightmusicforawhileandthencontinueworkingonit

B

WelcometotheFriendshipHotel.Tomakeyourstayasenjoyableaspossible,wehopeyouwilluseourfacilities（设施）tothefull.

RoomService

Thisoperates24hoursaday.PhonetheReceptionDesk,andyourmessagewillbepassedontotheroomstaff.

Telephone:

48759

DiningRoom

Breakfastisservedinthediningmomfrom8to9:

30a.m.Alternatively,theroomstaffwillbringabreakfasttraytoyourroomatanytimeafter7a.m.,ifyouplaceanorderforitbytelephone.Inthiscase,pleasefilloutacardandhangitoutsideyourdoorwhenyougotobed.

Lunch:

12:

00to2:

30p.m.

Dinner:

7:

30to9p.m.

Telephone:

48752

Telephone

Tomakeatelephonecall,dial0forReceptionandLaundry（洗衣店）,andasktobeconnected.Weapologizefordelaysinputtingcallsthroughwhenthestaffareverybusy.Therearealsopublictelephonebooths（电话亭）neartheReceptionDesk.EarlycallsshouldbebookedwithReception.

Shop

Thehotelshopisopenforsouvenirs（纪念品）,giftsandtoiletries（化妆品）from9a.m.to5:

30p.m.

Telephone:

48687

Laundry

Wehavealaundryonthepremises（附属）andwillwash,ironandreturnyourclotheswithin24hours.Asktheroomstafftophonethelaundrymentocollectthem.Telephone:

48867

Bar

Thehotelbarisopenfrom12to2p.m.,and7p.m.to2a.m.TheReceptionstaffwillcashchequesandexchangemoneyinmanyforeigncurrencies（货币）.

5．Whatshouldyoudoifyouwantasnack（快餐）at9a.m?

A．Gotothehotelshop.B．Gotothehotelbar.

C．Tellthewaiter.D．PhoneReception

6．Whichnumbershouldyoudialifyouwanttohaveyourclotheswashed?

A．48752B．48867C．48687D．48759

7．Thewriterofthepassagemainlywantsto_________.

A．giveusinformationabouttheservicesofthehotelB．persuadeustostayinthehotel

C．tellusthewaysofservingD．promiseusgoodservice

C

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?

Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?

Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Whilethelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom（随机地）frompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence.

8．Whichbestdescribesthewriter’spointinPara.1?

A．Intelligenceisgivenatbirth.

B．Intelligenceisdevelopedbytheenvironment.

C．Intelligenceisfixedatbirth,butisdevelopedbytheenvironment.

D．Somepeopleareborncleverandothersbornstupid.

9．Itissuggestedinthispassagethat__________.

A．closerelationsusuallyhavesimilarintelligence

B．unrelatedpeoplearenotlikelytohavesimilarintelligence

C．thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweenpeople,themoredifferenttheyarelikelytobeinintelligence

D．peoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachotherarenotlikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence

10．Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows_________.

A．theimportanceoftheirintelligenceB．theeffectofenvironmentonintelligence

C．theimportanceoftheirpositionsD．thepartthatbirthplays

11．Thebesttitleforthisarticlewouldbe“_____________”.

A．OnIntelligenceB．WhatIntelligenceMeans

C．BornwithIntelligenceD．EnvironmentDecidesIntelligence

D

Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeigntoher.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavingaheartattack.

Shedidn’tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.Sheexercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifoundthathercholesterol（胆固醇）levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-loweringstatin（他汀）medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.

Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformationmightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.

Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthroughthe“noceboeffect（反安慰剂效应）”.Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention（干预）simplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that’stheplaceboeffect（安慰剂效应）.Thenoceboeffectistheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisisverytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikelytoreportfeelingmuscleachesthanpatientswhogetaplacebo.Yet,inclinicalpractice,accordingtoonestudy,almostafifthofpatientstakingstatinsreportsideeffects,leadingmanytodiscontinuethedrugs.

Whatelseisonthefakenewshitlist?

Asalways,vaccines（疫苗）.Falseconcernsthatthevaccinemaycausesideeffectshavegreatlyreducedcoveragerates.

Cancerisanotherbigtargetforpushersofmedicalmisinformation—manyofwhomrefusealternativetherapies.“Thoughmostpeoplethinkcancertumorsarebad,they’reactuallythewayyourbodyattemptstocontaintheharmfulcells,”onefakenewsstoryreads.Itwarnsthatprescriptionmedicationsleadtotheuncontrolledcellmutations（变异）.

SiliconValleyneedstofacethisproblem.Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.Meanwhile,journalistsshoulddoabetterjobofspreadingaccurateinformation.

12．WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.

A．thewomanpaidlittleattentiontoherdailydiets

B．theunhealthylifestylemightleadtothewoman’sheartattack

C．thesymptomoftheheartattackwasfamiliartothewoman

D．thewomandidn’ttaketheprescriptionduetofakemedicalnews

13．Accordingtothepassage,theplaceboeffectfunctionsbecausepatients_______