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纺织服装外文翻译文献
外文文献翻译完整版译文3200多字
(含:
英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处:
KarF,FanJ,YuW.Comparisonofdifferenttestmethodsforthemeasurementoffabricorgarmentmoisturetransferproperties[J].MeasurementScience&Technology,2007,18(7):
2033.
英文原文
Comparisonofdifferenttestmethodsforthemeasurementoffabricorgarmentmoisturetransferproperties
FKar,JFanandWYu
Abstract
Severaltestmethodsexistfordeterminingthewatervapourpermeabilityorresistanceoftextilefabricsorgarments.Thedifferencesandinterrelationshipsbetweenthesemethodsarenotalwaysclear,whichpresentsaproblemincomparingresultsfromdifferenttestmethods.Thisstudyisaimedatinvestigatingtherelationshipsbetweenthetestresultsfromfourtypicaltestmethods,includingthemoisturetransmissiontest(ModelCS-141),ASTME96cupmethod,sweatingguardedhotplatemethod(ISO11092)andthesweatingfabricmanikin(Walter).Fortherangeofairpermeableknittedfabricstested,itwasfoundthatgoodinterrelationshipsexistbetweentheresultsfromthefourtypesoftestmethods,althoughsomediscrepanciesexistbetweendifferenttestsduetodifferencesintestingconditions.Testresultsfromdifferentmoisturetransfertestmethodscanthereforebeconvertiblewithdueconsideration.
Keywords:
fabric,watervapourtransmissionrate,clothingcomfort,watervapourresistance
1.Introduction
Moisturetransferpropertiesoftextilefabricsandgarmentsareimportanttothethermalcomfortofclothedpersons.Anumberoftestmethodshavebeendevelopedtoevaluatethemoisturetransferpropertiesoftextilefabricsandgarments.However,sincethetechniquesandtestingconditionsofthesetestsareverydifferent,resultsfromthesetestsarenotdirectlycomparable.Itisthereforenecessarytoinvestigatethedifferencesandinterrelationshipsbetweentheresultsfromthesedifferenttestmethods.
DolhancomparedtwoCanadianStandards(CAN2-4.2-M77andCAN/CGSB-4.2No.49-M91)andtheASTME96testmethodsformeasuringthewatervapourtransmissionpropertiesandfoundthattheresultsofthesetestswerenotdirectlycomparablebecauseofthedifferencesinthewatervapourpressuregradientsdrivingthemoisturetransmissioninthedifferenttestmethodsGibson[8]conductedanextensiveinvestigationontherelationshipofthetestresultsfromthesweatingguardedhotplate(ISO11092)andthosefromtheASTME96CupMethod.Inhiswork,permeablematerials,hydrophobicandhydrophilicmembranelaminatesweretestedandtheresultswerestandardizedintheunitsofairresistanceandwatervapourtransmissionrate.Itwasfound,exceptforthehydrophilicsamples,thereisaclearcorrelationbetweentheresultsfromthetwotests.Asthetestconditionintheguardedsweatinghotplatetestsresultedinmuchhigherequilibriumwatercontentinthehydrophilicpolymerlayer,whichinfluencesthepolymer’spermeability,thewatervapourtransmissionratethroughthehydrophilicmembraneisgreaterwhentestedusingthesweatingguardedhotplate.Aspointedoutbyanumberofpreviousresearchers[7,12],differentrelativehumiditygradientspresentinthevarioustestmethodscausetheintrinsictransportcharacteristicsofhydrophilicpolymerstochange.Forsuchfabrics,theretendtobepoorcorrelationsbetweendifferenttestmethodsthatemploydifferingrelativehumiditygradients,sincetheresistanceisafunctionofthewatervapourconcentrationandtemperature.Consequently,Lomax[11]pointedouttheneedforinvestigatingthecorrelationsofresultsfromdifferenttestmethodsfordifferenttypesoffabrics.
Grettonetal[9]classifiedthefabricsamplesintofourcategories,includingairpermeablefabrics,microporousmembranelaminatedfabrics,hydrophilicmembranelaminated/coatedfabricsandhybridcoated/laminatedfabrics,ininvestigatingthecorrelationbetweenthetestresultsofthesweatingguardedhotplate(ISO11092)andtheevaporativedishmethod(BS7209).TheyshowedthatthereisagoodcorrelationbetweenthetwotestmethodsforallfabricsexceptforthehydrophiliccoatedandlaminatedfabricsthattransmitwatervapourwithoutfollowingtheFickianlawofdiffusion.
Recently,Indushekaretal[10]comparedthewatervapourtransmissionratesmeasuredbyamodulateddifferentialscanningcalorimeterandthosebytheconventionaldishtechniqueasspecifiedinBS7209forawiderangeofwovenbasedfabricsusedincoldweatherprotectiveclothing.Thestudyshowedthatresultsfromthesetwotestmethodsdifferwidelyduetothedifferencesinthewatervapourgradientswhichoccurredinthetwomethods.
Withthedevelopmentofnoveltechniquesforthemeasurementofmoisturetransmissionpropertiesoffabricsandgarments,itisnecessarytofurtherinvestigatetherelationshipbetweendifferenttestmethods.Thepresentstudywasthereforeaimedatinvestigatingthecorrelationsbetweenthemoisturevapourresistances/transmissionratesmeasuredusingthenewlydevelopedsweatingfabricmanikin(Walter)[4,6],themoisturetransmissiontest(ModelCS-141)[1],theASTME96testingmethod[2]andthesweatingguardedhotplatemethod[5].Sincethecorrelationsbetweenthemoisturevapourresistances/transmissionratestestedusingthedifferenttestmethodsaregenerallydifferentfordifferentcategoriesoffabrics,thepresentinvestigationisfocusedonairpermeablefunctionalT-shirttypefabrics
2.Methods
2.1.Samples
FourinterlockandfoursinglejerseyfunctionalT-shirtfabricswerechosenfromcommercialsourcesfortheexperiment.ThesamplesrepresenttypicalT-shirtfabricsinthemarket.Thefabricsweresewnintolong-sleevedT-shirtsforthetestsonthesweatingfabricmanikin(Walter)andthewearertrialexperiments.Table1liststhecharacteristicsofthefabricsusedinthisstudy.
2.2ExperimentalMeasurement
2.2.1MoistureTransferTestMethod(ModelCS-141)
TheinstrumentmoisturetransfertesterusedinthistestwasdevelopedbyLudlow.Thecompanyclaimsthatthisinstrumentcanquicklyandeasilydeterminethewatertransferrateofafabric.Thistestisbasedon"gaspermeabilitylaw".Thisrulereferstothemasstransferratioandtheabilityofthefabrictoblockmoisturepenetration,thepressuredifferencebetweentheupperandlowersidesofthefabric,andthethicknessofthefabric.Figure1showsthestructureofthemoisturetransfertester.SmallenclosedwatertanksTheclipsonbothsidessandwichthefabricsampleinthemiddleofitsverticaldirection.Underneaththefabricisdistilledwater,whichislessthanhalftheheightofthesink.Aboveistheairthathasbeendriedwithdesiccantatthebeginningofthetest.Theheightoftheairgapbetweenthesurfaceofthewaterinthetankandthelowersurfaceofthematerialis10mm.Thetankwasplacedinachamberwithatemperatureof20°Candarelativehumidityof65%.Duringtheexperiment,moisturewastransferredfromthewetside(belowthefabric)throughthefabricsampletothedryside(abovethefabric)andthehumiditysensormaintainedthemonitoringofhumiditychangesintheupperpartofthetank.Duringthetimewhenthehumidityincreasedfrom50%to60%,theriseinrelativehumiditywasrecordedevery3minutes.Theratioofgasperhourperm2ofsteamintermsofgcanbecalculatedbytakingthedataintotheequationbelow.
T=(269×10−7)(Δ%RH×60/t)(H)/(100×0.02252)
(1)
Where:
Δ%RH—averageoftherelativehumiditydifferencebetweentheupperandlowerhalves;t—thetimeintervalbetweentwosuccessfuldatareads(t=3min);H—watercontentperunitvolumeofthetank(H=45.74gm-3).
2.2.2.AmericanMaterialsandTestingAssociationE96verticalcupmethod
Thismethodisaverycommonmethodfortestingthemoisturetransferpropertiesoffabrics.Thismethodcanbeusedtodeterminetherateofvapor-watertransportintheverticaldirectionofthefabricunderconditionsofconstantambienthumidity,constanthumidityandaknownfabricarea.Figure2showstheprincipleofthistestmethod.Acupfilledwithdistilledwatercoveredbyfabricsampleswasplacedinanadjustableenvironmentwithatemperatureof20°Candarelativehumidityof65%.Atthebeginningoftheexperiment,80gofwaterwaspouredintothecup,whichdeterminedthedistancefromthelowersurfaceofthefabrictothewatersurfacetobe19mm.Thetestlastedforfivedays,duringwhichtimethequalityofeachcupwasrecordedonceaday.Thevaporouswatertransferrate(WVTR)persquaremeterperhourcanbeobtainedbytakingthedataintotheequationbelow.
WVTR=G/tA
(2)
Where:
G—thevalueofthechangeintheweightofthecupcoveredbythefabric;t—thedurationofthechangeinthemassofthecup,measuredinh;A—theareaofthefabricsampletestedinm2.
2.2.3.Newthermalresistancewetresistanceinstrumenttestmethod
ThenewthermalresistancewetresistanceinstrumentwasdevelopedbyFanetal.ThisinstrumentcomplieswiththetestrequirementsspecifiedinISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)11092.Comparedwiththeconventionalheatresistanceandmoistureresistanceinstrument,itmakesitpossibletosimultaneouslyperformsimulationtestsonheatlossduetomoistureevaporationandmoistureevaporationloss.Inaddition,theinstrumentcanbeoperatedatsubzerotemperatures.Figure3showstheconstructionandworkingprincipleoftheinstrument.
Ascanbeseenfromthemeasurementofevaporativeheatloss,thetotalmoistureresistanceofthefabricsampleplacedontheporousboard,sandwichedbetweentheartificialskinandtheairlayercanbeobtainedbytakingthedataintothefollowingformula.
EasassetH)H-PA(P=R(3)where:
Ret-totalmoistureresist