虚拟语气用法总结超好原创436.docx

虚拟语气用法总结超好原创436.docx

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虚拟语气用法总结超好原创436

虚拟语气

概念：

谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。

语气分三种：

1.陈述语气：

用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。

Heislateforclass.Whatfun!

Heisnotinterestedinclassicalmusic.

2.祈使语气：

用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告

等（动词常用原形）Don’tbelate！

3.虚拟语气：

表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

一、虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中

虚拟条件从句（If）主句

与现在事实相

反的假设

主语+did/were主语+should/would/

could/might+do

与过去事实相

反的假设

主语+haddone

主语+should/would/

could/might+

havedone

与将来事实相

反的假设

主语+

1.did

主语+should/would/

could/might+do

2.shoulddo

3.weretodo

1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.

2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。

Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,I

wouldstayathome.

3.如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。

Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhave

passedtheexam.

Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe______in

turn,you______sotired.

A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

________itraintomorrow,wewouldhave

toputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge.

A.WereShould

C.WouldD.Will

注意：

1.错综时间虚拟语气

当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致

时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相

应的调整。

hadfollowed

Ifyou____________（follow）myadvicejust

wouldbe

now,you_________（be）betternow.

hadstudied

Ifyou__________（study）hardbefore,you

wouldbe

_______（be）acollegestudentnow.

Ifyou______withGeorgeearlier,you

_____soangrynow.

A.talked;wouldnotbe

.hadtalked;wouldnotbe

C.wouldtalk;wouldnotbe

D.hadtalked;wouldnothavebeen

Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasures

muchearlier,theriver_____soseriously

now.

A.isnotpolluted

.wouldnotbepolluted

C.hadnotbeenpolluted

D.wouldnothavebeenpolluted

2.if从句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should可

以放在句首，（用于倒装结构），if必须省略。

否定词

not不能放在前面。

1.HadInotseenhimthen（Hadn’tIsenhimthen）,I

wouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.

2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.

WereIyou,……

3.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,I

wouldstayathome.

Shoulditrainedtomorrow/Wereittoraintomorrow,

4.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhave

passedtheexam.

Hadyoustudiedhardbefore,……

3、含蓄虚拟语气

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总

是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替

条件句。

常用的有介词with，without，butfor（倘没有，

要不是）；连词or，but；副词otherwise等。

1.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartin

thesportsmeeting.

=IfIhadn‘tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.

2.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyour

birthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothing

aboutit.

3.Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butI

wastoobusy.

4.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?

5.Without/Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.

=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…

Withoutelectricity,humanbeinglife

______quitedifferenttoday.

A.is

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

.wouldbe

Butforhishelp,I______.

.shouldnothavesucceeded

B.havenotsucceeded

C.didnotsucceed

D.hadnotsucceeded

Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekicking

theball,otherwisehe_____agoal.

A.hadscored

B.scored

C.wouldscore

.wouldhavescored

—Whydidn’tyoubuyit?

—I______butIdidn’thavethemoney.

A.would

wouldhave

C.hadhad

D.hadbought

二、虚拟语气的其他用法

1.asif/asthough（好像）+从句

与现在相反did/were

与过去相反haddone

与将来相反would/could/might+do

Helooksasifhewereanartist.

Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehad

seenit.

（区分evenif/though）

注意：

若表示的确有某种可能（尤指天气），

也可不用虚拟语气。

Eg.Look!

Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.

Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,

itlooksasifit______.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken

2.Itis（high/about）time（that）

sbdid/sbshould（不可省略）+do

该是某人做某事的时候了。

Itishightimethatyougotup/shouldget

up.

I’mgettingtired;it’stimewe_____home.

A.goB.aregoing

C.wentD.shouldbegoing

3.wish/ifonly（要是……就好了）+从句

与现在事实相反did/were

与过去事实相反haddone（或用couldhavedone）

与将来事实相反could/would/might+do

would/could/mightvisit

Iwish（that）he________________（visit）ustomorrow.

visited

Iwish（that）he_________（visit）ustoday.

hadvisitedus/couldhavevisitedus

Iwishhe____________________________（visit）usyesterday.

hadlistened

Ifonlyyou_____________（listen）toouradvice!

were

IfonlyI_____（be）abird!

4.在wouldrather+宾语从句中

与现在或将来事实相反did/were

与过去事实相反haddone

即：

wouldrathersbdid/haddone

came

Iwouldratheryou______（come）heretomorrow.

hadn’ttold

Iwouldratheryou__________（nottell）methetruth.

5.用于表示

建议（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）命令（order/command）

要求（demand/require/request/desire）

坚持要求（insist）等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气：

sb（should）+do

1.Isuggestedthathe（should）gothereatonce.（宾语从句）

2.Myadviceisthatwe（should）tellhimthenews.

3.Imadeasuggestionthathe------（同位语从句）

4.Itissuggestedthathe------（主语从句）

5.Mysuggestionwasthathe-----（表语从句）

区别：

Thisisthesuggestionthat/whichhemadeatthemeeting.（定语从句）

Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing____

untilthepeoplearrived.

A.didn’ttouch

B.touched

betouched

D.touch

注意：

suggest:

表明，暗示陈述语气

建议虚拟语气

was

Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_____（be）illandthat

（should）besent

she________________（send）tohospitalimmediately.

Insist：

坚持说，坚持认为陈述语气

坚持主张，坚持要求虚拟语气

hadn’tstolen

Heinsistedthathe____________（notsteal）themoneyand

（should）beset

insistedthathe_____________（set）free.

6.主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）

Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/

funny/surprising/apity/ashame/no

wonder/suggested/advised/recommended/

desired等thatsb（should）+do

Itisstrangethathe（should）havetreatedhis

parentslikethat.

ItisapitythatLucy（should）besocareless.

Itissuggestedthatthemeeting（should）be

putofftillnextweek.

注意：

以上句式也可用于陈述语气

Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.

Itisapitythatshecan’tsing.

Itisstrangethatthelazyboy_____pass

theexam.

A.has.should

C.wouldD.might