TED英语演讲稿我们为什么快乐演讲稿doc.docx

TED英语演讲稿我们为什么快乐演讲稿doc.docx

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TED英语演讲稿我们为什么快乐演讲稿doc

TED英语演讲稿：

我们为什么快乐？

_演讲稿

　　Whenyouhave21minutestospeak,twomillionyearsseemslikeareallylongtime.Butevolutionarily,twomillionyearsisnothing.Andyetintwomillionyearsthehumanbrainhasnearlytripledinmass,goingfromtheone-and-a-quarterpoundbrainofourancestorhere,Habilis,tothealmostthree-poundmeatloafthateverybodyherehasbetweentheirears.Whatisitaboutabigbrainthatnaturewassoeagerforeveryoneofustohaveone?

　　Well,itturnsoutwhenbrainstripleinsize,theydon'tjustgetthreetimesbigger;theygainnewstructures.Andoneofthemainreasonsourbraingotsobigisbecauseitgotanewpart,calledthe"frontallobe."Andparticularly,apartcalledthe"pre-frontalcortex."Nowwhatdoesapre-frontalcortexdoforyouthatshouldjustifytheentirearchitecturaloverhaulofthehumanskullintheblinkofevolutionarytime?

　　Well,itturnsoutthepre-frontalcortexdoeslotsofthings,butoneofthemostimportantthingsitdoesisitisanexperiencesimulator.Flightpilotspracticeinflightsimulatorssothattheydon'tmakerealmistakesinplanes.Humanbeingshavethismarvelousadaptationthattheycanactuallyhaveexperiencesintheirheadsbeforetheytrythemoutinreallife.Thisisatrickthatnoneofourancestorscoulddo,andthatnootheranimalcandoquitelikewecan.It'samarvelousadaptation.It'suptherewithopposablethumbsandstandinguprightandlanguageasoneofthethingsthatgotourspeciesoutofthetreesandintotheshoppingmall.

　　Now--（Laughter）--allofyouhavedonethis.Imean,youknow,BenandJerry'sdoesn'thaveliver-and-onionicecream,andit'snotbecausetheywhippedsomeup,trieditandwent,"Yuck."It'sbecause,withoutleavingyourarmchair,youcansimulatethatflavorandsay"yuck"beforeyoumakeit.

　　Let'sseehowyourexperiencesimulatorsareworking.Let'sjustrunaquickdiagnosticbeforeIproceedwiththerestofthetalk.Here'stwodifferentfuturesthatIinviteyoutocontemplate,andyoucantrytosimulatethemandtellmewhichoneyouthinkyoumightprefer.Oneofthemiswinningthelottery.Thisisabout314milliondollars.Andtheotherisbecomingparaplegic.So,justgiveitamomentofthought.Youprobablydon'tfeellikeyouneedamomentofthought.

　　Interestingly,therearedataonthesetwogroupsofpeople,dataonhowhappytheyare.Andthisisexactlywhatyouexpected,isn'tit?

Butthesearen'tthedata.Imadetheseup!

　　Thesearethedata.Youfailedthepopquiz,andyou'rehardlyfiveminutesintothelecture.Becausethefactisthatayearafterlosingtheuseoftheirlegs,andayearafterwinningthelotto,lotterywinnersandparaplegicsareequallyhappywiththeirlives.

　　Now,don'tfeeltoobadaboutfailingthefirstpopquiz,becauseeverybodyfailsallofthepopquizzesallofthetime.Theresearchthatmylaboratoryhasbeendoing,thateconomistsandpsychologistsaroundthecountryhavebeendoing,haverevealedsomethingreallyquitestartlingtous,somethingwecallthe"impactbias,"whichisthetendencyforthesimulatortoworkbadly.Forthesimulatortomakeyoubelievethatdifferentoutcomesaremoredifferentthaninfacttheyreallyare.

　　Fromfieldstudiestolaboratorystudies,weseethatwinningorlosinganelection,gainingorlosingaromanticpartner,gettingornotgettingapromotion,passingornotpassingacollegetest,onandon,havefarlessimpact,lessintensityandmuchlessdurationthanpeopleexpectthemtohave.Infact,arecentstudy--thisalmostfloorsme--arecentstudyshowinghowmajorlifetraumasaffectpeoplesuggeststhatifithappenedoverthreemonthsago,withonlyafewexceptions,ithasnoimpactwhatsoeveronyourhappiness.

　　Why?

Becausehappinesscanbesynthesized.SirThomasBrownwrotein1642,"Iamthehappiestmanalive.Ihavethatinmethatcanconvertpovertytoriches,adversitytoprosperity.IammoreinvulnerablethanAchilles;fortunehathnotoneplacetohitme."Whatkindofremarkablemachinerydoesthisguyhaveinhishead?

　　Well,itturnsoutit'spreciselythesameremarkablemachinerythatalloffushave.Humanbeingshavesomethingthatwemightthinkofasa"psychologicalimmunesystem."Asystemofcognitiveprocesses,largelynon-consciouscognitiveprocesses,thathelpthemchangetheirviewsoftheworld,sothattheycanfeelbetterabouttheworldsinwhichtheyfindthemselves.LikeSirThomas,youhavethismachine.UnlikeSirThomas,youseemnottoknowit.（Laughter）

　　Wesynthesizehappiness,butwethinkhappinessisathingtobefound.Now,youdon'tneedmetogiveyoutoomanyexamplesofpeoplesynthesizinghappiness,Isuspect.ThoughI'mgoingtoshowyousomeexperimentalevidence,youdon'thavetolookveryfarforevidence.

　　Asachallengetomyself,sinceIsaythisonceinawhileinlectures,ItookacopyoftheNewYorkTimesandtriedtofindsomeinstancesofpeoplesynthesizinghappiness.Andherearethreeguyssynthesizinghappiness."Iamsomuchbetteroffphysically,financially,emotionally,mentallyandalmosteveryotherway.""Idon'thaveoneminute'sregret.Itwasagloriousexperience.""Ibelieveitturnedoutforthebest."

　　Whoarethesecharacterswhoaresodamnhappy?

Well,thefirstoneisJimWright.Someofyouareoldenoughtoremember:

hewasthechairmanoftheHouseofRepresentativesandheresignedindisgracewhenthisyoungRepublicannamedNewtGingrichfoundoutaboutashadybookdealhehaddone.Helosteverything.ThemostpowerfulDemocratinthecountry,helosteverything.Helosthismoney;helosthispower.Whatdoeshehavetosayalltheseyearslateraboutit?

"Iamsomuchbetteroffphysically,financially,mentallyandinalmosteveryotherway."Whatotherwaywouldtherebetobebetteroff?

Vegetably?

Minerally?

Animally?

He'sprettymuchcoveredthemthere.

　　MoreeseBickhamissomebodyyou'veneverheardof.MoreeseBickhamutteredthesewordsuponbeingreleased.Hewas78yearsold.Hespent37yearsinaLouisianaStatePenitentiaryforacrimehedidn'tcommit.Hewasultimatelyexonerated,attheageof78,throughDNAevidence.Andwhatdidhehavetosayabouthisexperience?

"Idon'thaveoneminute'sregret.Itwasagloriousexperience."Glorious!

Thisguyisnotsaying,"Well,youknow,thereweresomeniceguys.Theyhadagym."It's"glorious,"awordweusuallyreserveforsomethinglikeareligiousexperience.

　　HarryS.Langermanutteredthesewords,andhe'ssomebodyyoumighthaveknownbutdidn't,becausein1949hereadalittlearticleinthepaperaboutahamburgerstandownedbythesetwobrothersnamedMcDonalds.Andhethought,"That'sareallyneatidea!

"Sohewenttofindthem.Theysaid,"Wecangiveyouafranchiseonthisfor3,000bucks."HarrywentbacktoNewYork,askedhisbrotherwho'saninvestmentbankertoloanhimthe3,000dollars,andhisbrother'simmortalwordswere,"Youidiot,nobodyeatshamburgers."Hewouldn'tlendhimthemoney,andofcoursesixmonthslaterRayCrochadexactlythesameidea.Itturnsoutpeopledoeathamburgers,andRayCroc,forawhile,becametherichestmaninAmerica.

　　Andthenfinally--youknow,thebestofallpossibleworlds--someofyourecognizethisyoungphotoofPeteBest,whowastheoriginaldrummerfortheBeatles,untilthey,youknow,senthimoutonanerrandandsnuckawayandpickedupRingoonatour.Well,in1994,whenPeteBestwasinterviewed--yes,he'sstilladrummer;yes,he'sastudiomusician--hehadthistosay:

"I'mhappierthanIwouldhavebeenwiththeBeatles."

　　Okay.There'ssomethingimportanttobelearnedfromthesepeople,anditisthesecretofhappiness.Hereitis,finallytoberevealed.First:

accruewealth,power,andprestige,thenloseit.（Laughter）Second:

spendasmuchofyourlifeinprisonasyoupossiblycan.（Laughter）Third:

makesomebodyelsereally,reallyrich.（Laughter）Andfinally:

nevereverjointheBeatles.（Laughter）

　　OK.NowI,likeZeFrank,canpredictyournextthought,whichis,"Yeah,right."Becausewhenpeoplesynthesizehappiness,asthesegentlemenseemtohavedone,weallsmileatthem,butwekindofrolloureyesandsay,"Yeahright,youneverreallywantedthejob.""Ohyeah,right.Youreallydidn'thavethatmuchincommonwithher,andyoufiguredthatoutjustaboutthetimeshethrewtheengagementringinyourface."

　　Wesmirkbecausewebelievethatsynthetichappinessisnotofthesamequalityaswhatwemightcall"naturalhappiness."Whataretheseterms?

Naturalhappinessiswhatwegetwhenwegetwhatwewanted,andsynthetichappinessiswhatwemakewhenwedon'tgetwhatwewanted.Andinoursociety,wehaveastrongbeliefthatsynthetichappinessisofaninferiorkind.Whydowehavethatbelief?

Well,it'sverysimple.Whatkindofeconomicenginewouldkeepchurningifwebelievedthatnotgettingwhatwewantcouldmakeusjustashappyasgettingit?

　　WithallapologiestomyfriendMatthieuRicard,ashoppingmallfullofZenmonksisnotgoingtobeparticularlyprofitablebecausetheydon'twantstuffenough.Iwanttosuggesttoyouthatsynthetichappinessiseverybitasrealandenduringasthekindofhappinessyoustumbleuponwhenyougetexactlywhatyouwereaimingfor.Now,I'mascientist,soI'mgoingtodothisnotwithrhetoric,butbymarinatingyouinalittlebitofdata.

　　Letmefirstshowyouanexperimentalparadigmthatisusedtodemonstratethesynthesisofhappinessamongregularoldfolks.Andthisisn'tmine.Thisisa50-year-oldparadigmcalledthe"freechoiceparadigm."It'sverysimple.Youbringin,say,sixobjects,andyouaskasubjecttorankthemfromthemo