北京科技大学 单独考试英语 硕士研究生考研真题.docx

北京科技大学 单独考试英语 硕士研究生考研真题.docx

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北京科技大学单独考试英语硕士研究生考研真题

北京科技大学

2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

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试题编号：

240试题名称单独考试英语（共14页）

适用专业：

全校各专业单独考试考生

说明：

所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

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PartI:

Vocabulary（20minutes,10points,0.5pointeach）

SectionA

Directions:

Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

1.Psychologicalstudiesshowthatsomepeoplearequick-tempered.

A．atheartB.onpurposeC.inpersonD.bynature

2.Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints，hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof.

A．assuresB.encouragementC.persuasionD.confirmation

3.Hewashighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothinktousethe"scientificmethod"ratherthanteachinghimthestructureofthesubject.

A．putupwithB.givenwaytoC.fallenbackonD.fedupwith

4.Thefilmwas'Cezanne'，a50-minuteonthepainterandhiswork.

A．mediationB.medicationC.meditationD.metrication

5.Youcan'tworkforsixhourswithoutasinglebreak―it'simpossible!

A.continuouslyB.continuallyC.frequentlyD.often

6.Thehumouroftheplaywastoofortheyoungaudienceandtheyrarelylaughed.

A.detailedB.feebleC.subtleD.slender

7.Itiswellknownthatachilddoesnotreachemotionalsecurityagoodmanyyearsafterphysicalmaturity.

A．forB.duringC.aslongasD.until

8.Man'sunderstandingandhismasteringofmatterandenergyhisclaimtosuperiority；providehimwiththebasisforenrichinganddeepeninghumanexperience.

A．designateB.deserveC.justifyD.illustrate

9.Theytoinvestigatethecircumstancesatthetimeoftheaccidentanditisnowtoolatetoproveanything.

A．ignoredB.intendedC.neglectedD.disregarded

10.Peoplethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

A.convincedB.anticipatedC.resolvedD.assured

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,therearetensentenceswithonewordorphraseunderlinedeach.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedword.

11.Shedidn'topenlyattacktheplan，butheroppositionwasimplicitinherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

A．explicitB.obviousC.decisiveD.underlying

12.WewillshortlybearrivinginKing'sCrossStation.MayIremindallpassengerstotaketheirluggagewiththem.

A．immediatelyB.directlyC.soonD.later

13.Actaccordingtowhatthelawsprescribeandyou'llhavenotrouble.

A．sayB.imposeC.decideD.define

14.Thematterhasbeengoneintoverythoroughly,andwefindtherearenogroundsfortheallegations.

A.investigatedB.explainedC.describedD.stated

15.Thetestcomprisesfoursections，namely，Listening，Reading，VocabularyandCompositionwithatimelimitforeach.

A．consistsofB.involvesC.indicatesD.composesof

16.Beinginfamousforhisdishonestyinbusinessmatters，themanhadfewfriends.

A．freshB.immediateC.notoriousD.famous

17.Somepeoplepersistinthepracticeofsomeveryoldcustomsortraditionsjustbecausetheyenjoydoingso.

A．endureB.supportC.sticktoD.continuein

18.Manylocalauthoritiesrealizetheneedtomakeprovisionsforelderlypeopleintheirhousingprogrammes.

A．assistanceB.roomsC.conditionsD.supplies

19.Hewasverycarefulinwhateverhedidlestsomethingunfavourablemightbewrittenintohisrecord.

A．ifonlyB.forfearthatC.unlessD.otherwise

20.Thestorywasgivenaprominentpositioninthefrontpage.

A．obviousB.clearC.apparentD.noticeable

PartIIClozeTest（20minutes,10points,1pointeach）

Directions:

Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesgivenbelow.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilashortbaracrossthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebases____21____thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobe____22____inourpastexperience,whicharebroughtintothepresent____23____memory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeep____24____availableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonly"remembering"thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryis____25____whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-olechildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.

Memory____26____notonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememory-storagecapacityofacomputer____27____thatofahumanbeing.Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100000"words"--readyfor____28____use.AnaverageAmericanteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningsofabout100000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotal____29____ofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffactsandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsofwordsand____30____ofwords.

21.A.ofB.toC.forD.on

22.A.keepB.foundC.soughtD.stored

23.A.byB.fromC.withD.in

24.A.experiencesB.basesC.observationsD.information

25.A.calledB.takenC.involvedD.included

26.A.existsB.appearsC.affectsD.seems

27.A.toB.withC.againstD.for

28.A.progressiveB.instructiveC.instantD.protective

29.A.dealB.numberC.mountD.amount

30.A.combinationsB.connectionsC.co-ordinationsD.collections

PartIIIReadingComprehension（60minutes,40points）

SectionA（30points,1.5pointseach）

Directions:

Inthisparttherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswers.ChoosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Questions31-35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesiliconistheactiveelementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidesthefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:

thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50persquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialsinthedarkwhichisrelevant,buton