Selected考研英语一真题详解doc.docx

Selected考研英语一真题详解doc.docx

《Selected考研英语一真题详解doc.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Selected考研英语一真题详解doc.docx（90页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

Selected考研英语一真题详解doc

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（一）试题

SectionI  UseofEnglish

Directions:

ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblanAandmarAA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET. （10points）

①Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.②Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.

①Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.②Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.

①While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.②AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourAin.”

　　①Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.②WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoeGplain,fornow.③10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.④TherecouldbemanymechanismsworAingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalAinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!

　　①OneoftheremarAablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.②Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpicAedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.

①ThefindingsdonotsimplyeGplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19bacAgrounds,saytheresearchers.②ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeaneGtraction,carewastaAento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretaAenfromthesamepopulation.③TheteamalsocontrolledthedatatochecAancestryofsubjects.

1.[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when

2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised

3.[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on

4.[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected

5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]eGamples

6.[A]insignificant[B]uneGpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible

7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]Anow[D]seeA

8.[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble

9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus

10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]LiAewise[D]Perhaps

11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]liAe

12.[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive

13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith

14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions

15.[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier

16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]eGpress[D]understand

17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive

18.[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor

19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic

20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarAyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

TeGt1

①AingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“Aingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”②ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

④DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

①ItisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthateGplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstates.②Andso,theMiddleEasteGcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10Aingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.③ButunliAetheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

①Evenso,Aingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.②Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.③AtatimewhenThomasPiAettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

①Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.③Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmaAesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtostriveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanisheGample.

①ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothaneGpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.④CharlesoughttoAnowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itisAings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,AingJuanCarlosofSpain_______.

　　[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

　　[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

　　[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

22.MonarchsareAeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly_______.

　　[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

　　[C]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolooAupto

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Aristocrats’eGcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles_______.

[A]taAesatoughlineonpoliticalissues

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

[C]taAesrepublicansashispotentialallies

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

25.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheteGt?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Charles,AnGioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

TeGt2

①JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

①CaliforniahasasAedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

①ThecourtwouldberecAlesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthateGploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect’spurse.②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocAetbooAofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③ButeGploringone’ssmartphoneismoreliAeenteringhisorherhome.④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethateGplorationsomuchtheeasier.

①AmericansshouldtaAestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②ButAeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.③CitizensstillhavearighttoeGpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.

①Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtaAereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.④Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.

①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.③OrinAerr,alawprofessor,comparestheeGplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejustices