主谓一致三个原则.doc

主谓一致三个原则.doc

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Agreementbetweensubjectandverb

主谓一致主要有以下三个原则：

1、语法一致原则（5种情况）

2、意义一致原则（10种情况）3、就近原则

语法一致原则

1．and连接不同的人或事时作主语时,谓语动词用复数；但如果连接的名词指的是同一人或物,或同一概念时,谓语要用单数。

Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.

Theknifeandfork____onthetable.

2.不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.Collectingstampsishishobby.

3.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。

Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.

Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.

I,whoamateacher,lackhumor.

4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。

例如：

Theteachertogetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.

5.manya,morethanone与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。

Manyaboyhasseenit.

Morethanonestudentisrequiredtoredothehomework.

意义一致原则

1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。

Alloftheapples____rotten.Alloftheapple____rotten.

2.therestof;halfof;partof;themajorityof等以及分数、百分比在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。

Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.

Halfofthewater____（pollute）.

3.集合名词作主语，强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。

这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,audience,team,government,group。

Hisfamily____already________（move）toFrance.Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.

4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。

people指“民族”时是例外。

Thepolice__________searchingforathief.

Thecattle____________eatinggrassonthehill.

5.不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody…等

Someoneisaskingforyou.

6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses,pants,shorts等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

Here_____anewpairofshoesforyou.

7．某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。

Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.

8.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.

Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.

9.单复数同形的名词,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:

means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。

Noteverymeansisuseful.。

Notallmeansareuseful.

10.如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:

thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead等

就近原则

either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。

应该注意的几个问题:

1.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

例如:

Betweenthetwowindows________（hang）apicture.

2.a（large）quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词单复数看后面的名词。

Alargequantityofpeople__________neededhere.

quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

例如:

Quantitiesoffood（nuts）___________onthetable.

3.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：

Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.

4.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。

Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.

RootsisafamousAmericannovel

5.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。

Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.

Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.

请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

1.Threeyears_______（have）passedsincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears_______（be）reallyalongtime.

2._______（be）everybodygoingtotakepartinthegamethisafternoon?

3.Myfamily_______（be）thelargestoneinourvillage.Besides,myfamily______（be）allpartymembers.

4.Thewholeclass________（be）nowlisteningtotheteacherattentively.

5.Thenews______（be）veryexciting.

6.Tolearnoneortwoforeignlanguages_______（be）veryimportantnowadays.

7.Thelastandmostdifficultlesson_______（be）Lesson14.

8.I,who_______yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.

9.Thescientistandengineer_______（have）inventedanewmachine.

10.Alice，togetherwithherfriends，_______（be）punishedforhavingbrokentheschoolrules.

11.Everygirlandeveryboy_______（have）therighttojointheclub.

12.—_______（be）eithersheoryoutogoandattendthemeeting?

—NeithershenorI________（be）.

13.Ancientandmodernhistory_____（be）thesubjectswearestudying.

14.Manyascientist_______（have）devotedtheirlivestoscience.

15.Theold_______（be）respectedinourcountry.

选择题：

1．Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity．

A．isB．are C.amD．be

2．NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．

A．is B．are C．amD．be

3．NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．

A．is B．are C.amD．have

4．Nottheteacher，butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．

A．is B．are C.amD．be

5．NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．

A．wasB．wereC．hasbeen D．havebeen

6．Awomanwithsomechildren____soon．

A．iscoming B．arecoming

C．hascome D．havecome

7．Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。

A．knowB．knowsC．isknown D．areknown

8．Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready．A．hasread B．haveread

C．arereadingD．isreading

9．Allbutone____intheaccident．

A．waskilled B．werekilled

C．willbekilled D．arekilled

10.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

11.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.

A.isofferedB.hasoffered

C.areofferedD.haveoffered

12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.wasnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided

13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.

A.were;wasB.was;was

C.was;wereD.were;were

14.E-mail,aswellastelephones,___animportantpartindailycommunication.

A.isplayingB.haveplayed

C.areplayingD.play

15.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;are

C.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are

16Noonebutherparents_____it.

 A.know       B.knows    

C.isknowing     D.areknowing

1-5BCBBA6-10ABABB11-15AACAC16-20BAABA