名词性从句.docx

名词性从句.docx

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名词性从句

S+VEverybodylaughed.

S+V+AWelaughedhappily.

S+V+OIwantaticket.

S+V+O+OHelentmehiscar.

S+V+CThemanisateacher.

S+V+O+AWespeakEnglishfluently.

S+V+O+CWeselectedhimmonitor.

名词性从句——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

名词性从句是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。

一．        主语从句

   主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.     It作形式主语

It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidnotgotoseethefilm.

Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

2.用it作形式主语的结构

（1）Itis＋名词＋从句

Itisafactthat…事实是…

Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识

（2）itis＋形容词＋从句

Itisnatural/importantthat…很自然…

Itisstrange/surprising/apitythat…shoulddo奇怪的是…

（3）itis＋不及物动词＋从句

Itseemsthat…似乎…

Ithappenedthat…碰巧…

Itoccurtosb.that

Itmattersthat

Itislikelythat

（4）it＋过去分词＋从句

Itisreported/said/that…据报道…

Ithasbeenproved/turnedoutthat…已证实…

3.由连词that或者whether引导的主语从句：

这种情况下that和whether只是引导作用不担当成分，不能省略，并且可以转变成it形式主语。

不能用if引导

Thattheearthisroundistrue。

―――itistruethattheearthisround。

Whetherhewillcomeornothasn’tbeendecided.

4.由连接代词或者连接副词引导的主语从句：

连接代词who,what,which和连接副词when，where，how，why都可以引导主语从句，可以分别担任主语，宾语和状语，不能省略，可以改为it引导的主语从句。

Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown

----itremainedunknownwholetoutthenews.

Whyhedidn’tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.

----itisnotcleartoanyonewhyhedidn’tcome.

5.以关系代词what,whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever等引导的主语从句：

whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme。

（这里whoever做主语）

改成定语从句：

Anyonewholeavestheofficeshouldtellme。

WhenevertheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.

6.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别

What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。

例如：

1）Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

2）Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.

Hesuggestedthatweshouldn’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.=Itissuggestedthatweshouldn’tjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.

二．        宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1.作动词的宾语

（1）由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略,但是第二个宾语从句的that不可省略）,例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.

Hesaid（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.

（2）由what,whether（if）引导的宾语从句，例如：

Shedidn’tknowwhathadhappenedtohermother.

Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.

Iwanttoseewhoisinchargeofyou.

（3）动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。

例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitationtotheparty.=Iwastoldthatshewouldacceptmyinvitationtotheparty.

2.作介词的宾语:

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

We’llbuildanothersupermarketonwhatisusedtobearuin.

Hehasarrivedatwherehewasborn.

Pleaseputthebookbacktowhereitwastaken.=Pleaseputthebookbacktowhatitwastakenfrom.

IamworriedabuthowIcangetintouchwithhim.

Wethoughtofhowwecouldcompletetheworkaheadoftime.

3.     作形容词的宾语  

That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。

例如：

Iamafraid（that）I’vemadeamistake.

IamveryproudthatXiaoWanghaswonthefirstprize.

Weareverysorrythathecan’tcomehere.

4.     It可以作为形式宾语

It不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that（也可能是todo）从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

例如：

Hefound/believed/thought/considered/made/felt/supposeditprettyhardtolearnbothEnglishandFrenchwellatthesametime.

Weallthinkitourdutythatweshouldhelptheaged.

Weconsidereditpossiblethatshewouldgoabroadforhercollegeeducation.

Hetookitforgrantedthathismotherwouldhelphimwithhishomework.

5.     后边不能直接跟that从句的动词,这类动词有

allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。

这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。

例如：

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.（right）

Iadmirethattheywonthematch.（wrong）

6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

例如：

Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

Idon’tsupposehecancomehereontime.

7.注意事项：

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。

引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g.Ihope（that）everythingisallright.

2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。

e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..

    I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.

3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。

但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.

②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

③宾语从句中的whether与ornot连用，就不能换成if

e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.

Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。

whether可与不定式连用。

whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。

但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.

  Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.

Myquestioniswhetherweshouldgo.

Whethertogoismyquestion.

  Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.

三表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g.Myideais（that）wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework

四同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：

news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

一般引导词多用that

e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

名词从句使用还需要注意：

1．在由what等代词引导的名词性从句中，what既充当关联词，又在句中作以一定的成分。

如Hewonderswhatwillhappen.

2．介词后面一般不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，但下列几个介词除外：

exceptthat,besidesthat,butthat（要不是），inthat

如LhasaisuniqueinthatitisthehighestcityinChina.

3.动词doubt一般来说，用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether或if来引导，但doubt用于否定句或疑问句，其后的宾语从句只能用that.

如HeneverdoubtsthatIcandosuchafoolishthing.

4.reason做表语，其表语从句只能用that来引导，而不用连词because.如

Thereasonshedoesn'tgotherewasthatshegotajob.

练习：

名词性从句

一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：

1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.

3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.

4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.

5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.

6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.

7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.

8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.

9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?

10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.

二、用适当的连词填空：

1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.

2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.

3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.

4.____________weneedismoretime.

5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.

6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.

7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.

8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?

9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?

10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.

三、选择填空：

1.Doyousee_____Imean?

A.that   B./    C.how    D.what

2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.

A.that   B.what   C.which         D.why

3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.

A.what   B.that   C./     D.how

4.Letmesee_____.

A.thatcanIrepairtheradio  B.whether-Icanrepairtheradio

C.Icanrepairtheradio   D.whethercanIrepairtheradio

5.Keepinmind_____.

A.thattheteachersaid   B.whatdidtheteachersay

C.thatdidtheteachersay  D.whattheteachersaid

6.Couldyouadviseme_____?

A.whichbookshouldIreadfirstB.whatbookshouldIreadfirst

C.thatbook1shouldreadfirstD.whichbookIshouldreadfirst

7.Hewascriticizedfor_____.

A.hehaddoneit  B.whathehaddoneC.whathadhedone  D.thathehaddoneit

8.Wouldyoukindlytellme_____?

A.howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation

B.howIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStation

C.wherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation

D.whethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation

9.Mrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____.

A.whathadsheseeninChina  B.thatshehadseeninChina

C.whatshehadseeninChina  D.whichhadsheseeninChina

10.Wetookitforgranted___

A.thattheywerenotcoming  B.thatweretheynotcoming

C.theywerecomingnot   D.weretheynotcoining

11.Ireallydon'tknow_____

A.Ishoulddonext  B.whatshouldIdonext

C.whatIshoulddonext   D.howIshoulddonext

12.I'mafraid_____.

A.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedon

B.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateon

C.thelittlegirlwillhavetooperateon

D.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedon

13.Shewalkedupto_____.

A.wheredidIstand   B.whereIstood

C.Istoodthere    D.whereIstoodthere

14.Canyoutellme_____?

A.whoisthatgentleman   B.thatgentlemaniswho

C.whothatgentlemanis   D.whom.isthatgentleman

15.We'llgiveyou_____.

A.thatdoyouneed    B.whatdoyouneed

C.whateveryouneed   D.whetherdoyouneed

16.Theywantustoknow_____tohelpus.

A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycan   D.howcanthey

17.Wemustput_____intopractice.

A.whatwehavelearned   B.thatwehavelearned

C.thathavewelearned   D.whathavewelearned

18.Didshesayanythingabout_____?

A.thattheworkwastobedone  B.howwastheworktobedone

C.thatwastheworktobedone  D.howtheworkwastobedone

19.Hewasneversatisfiedwith_____.

A.whatshehadachieved   B.hadwhats