Analysis of Heathcliffs Views On Love In Wuthering Heights英语专业论文.docx

Analysis of Heathcliffs Views On Love In Wuthering Heights英语专业论文.docx

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AnalysisofHeathcliffsViewsOnLoveInWutheringHeights英语专业论文

AnalysisofHeathcliff’sViewsOnLoveInWutheringHeights

I.Introduction

A.OverviewofEmilyBronte'sLife

EmilyBronte,thefifthchildofPatrickBronte,wasbornin1818.HisfatherwasaCambridgeeducatedclergymanborninIreland.WhenEmilywastwoyearsold,herfatherwasappointedtoachurchinHaworth,aremotevillageinYorkshire,andtheyspentmostoftheirrestlifethere.WhenEmilywasthreeyearsold,hermotherdiedofcancer.Afterthat,thechildrenwereleftmuchtothemselvesandspentmostoftheirtimeinreadingandcomposition.TheylivedinaparsonageinHaworthwiththebleakmoorsofYorkshireononesideandtheparishgraveyardontheother.

LifeathomewasmuchbetterforEmilyandhersiblings.In1824Mr.Brontesenthisfoureldestdaughters一Elizabeth,Maria,Charlotte,andEmily一toboardingschool.Whileatschool,theywerefrequentlycoldandundernourished,andMariaandElizabethcontractedtuberculosis.Soonafterbeingsenthometorecuperate,theydied.Alarmed,Mr.BrontebroughtCharlotteandEmilyhometobeeducated.Haworthwasarelativelyisolatedcommunity,andsotheBrontechildrenturnedtooneanotherforamusementandcompanionship.

In1826Mr.Brontebroughthomesomewoodensoldiers,andtheseweretobethefoundationofthecreationofacomplicatedfantasyworld,whichtheBrontesactivelyworkedon.Theybegantowriteaboutanimaginaryworldtheyhadcreated.Toescapetheirunhappychildhood,Anne,Emily,CharlotteandtheirbrotherBranwell,intheirisolatedchildhoodonthemoors,developedanextremelycloserelationshippartlybasedontheirmutualparticipationinagameofmake-believe.EmilyandAnnecreatedtheirownGondalsagawhichsetinthePacificOcean.Thefirstoftheirdiarynotes,writteninNovember1834,givesthefirstmentionofGondal.TheycontinuedwritingproseandpoemsaboutGondaluntiltheendoftheirlives.BranwellandCharlotterecordedtheirstoriesaboutthekingdomofAnglia（LatinwordforEngland）insmallnotebooks.Thechildrenbeganwritingstoriesaboutthem.Theymadetinybookscontainingstories,plays,histories,andpoetrywrittenbytheirimaginedheroesandheroines.

Noneoftheprosehassurvived,andthepoetry,theearliestofwhichdatesto1836,isdifficulttointerpret.Variouseffortshavebeenmadetofitthepoemsintoacoherentsaga,buttheseeffortsareprobablymisguided.SomepoemsappearnottobeaboutGondalatall,butrathertoreflectEmily'sownfeelings.ThisbecomesclearHeights,inwhichherfamiliarYorkshiresurroundingsbecomewhosepassionandbeautyattractustoday.inhernovelWutheringthesettingforatragedy.

Emilymadeassistantteacher,severalattemptstoleavehome.Forexample,shewenttoLawHillasanLawHillwasaschoolrunbyMissPatchettherlessonshavingbeennearHalifax.Emily'slackofformaleduoation（aotuallyalltakenathome）,temperament,andherhomesicknesswouldseemtohavemadeEmilyfarfromshyidealteacher,butMissPatchettdidn'tdiscusshereccentricbutdistinguishedassistantwithsubsequentbiographers.ThedateanddurationofEmily'sstayatLawHillarestillindoubt.LawHillisregardedasimportantforWutheringHeightsbecauseahousenearby,HighSunderlandHall,isassumedtobethemodelforthehouseknownasWutheringHeights,andithasevenbeensuggestedthatthestoryofHeathcliffwastobefoundinrecollectionsofalocalHalifaxcharacter,JackSharp.

ReturningtoHaworthin1839attheageoftwenty,Emilycontinuedtowritepoetry.Hersistersmadebriefandunsuccessfuleffortstobecomegovernesses,butEmilyremainedathome,eitherbecauseshewasthemostdomesticatedofthesistersorbecauseshewastheleastsuitedtobecomeateacher.Herbirthdayin1841is,however,fullofenthusiasmforaprojectthattheBrontesshouldruntheirownschoolatHaworth.Inordertoachievethis,thesisterswouldneedknowledgeofforeignlanguages,andsoinFebruary1842,EmilyandCharlottesetouttoBrussels.

ThepositionoftheBrontesistersinBrusselswashalfwaybetweenthoseofpupilsandteachers.Asateacher,itisnotsurprisingthatherforbiddingreservedidnotattractherpupilstoher.Ontheotherhand,M.Heger,herFrenchteacher,spokehighlyofherintellectualgiftsasastudent,andhersurvivingexercisesshowhighimaginativepoweraswellasagoodcommandofFrench.

InNovember1842,theBronteswereforcedtoreturnhomebythedeathoftheiraunt.Theyhadpreviouslybeenshockedbythedeathoftheirfather'scurate,WilliamWeightman,inSeptember,andbythedeathoftheirfriendMarthaTaylorinBrussels.Afterthat,CharlottereturnedtoBelgium,wheresheenduredmuchlonelinessandpains,butEmilyremainedathome.Theiraunthadleftthethreegirlssomemoney,andtherearereportsofEmilyconsideringthebestwayofinvestingit.Formostof1843Emilywasalonewithherfather.InFebruary1844Emilycopiedherpoetrydownintotwonotebooks,oneofwhichsheentitled"GondalPoems."Theothernotebookwouldseemtohavecontainedpoetryofasubjectivenature.

Thechronologyofthepoemsandthenovelisconfusing.Emilycontinuedtowritepoetryin1844and1845inbothGondalandnon-Gondalnotebooks.Theplantostartaschoolhadcollapsedin1844forlackofinterest.AndbothCharlotteandAnnwereinverylowspirits.ItwasintheseunpromisingcircumstancesthatEmilywrotesomeofher

greatestpoetryandalsoWutheringHeights.

Intheautumnof1845,CharlottediscoveredanotebookofEmily'scontainingpoetrywhichshethoughtwasveryimpressive,andtheypublishedthepoetryinMay1846,togetherwithaselectionofCharlotte'sandAnne's.Buttheysoldonlytwocopies.AfterthisEmilywroteonlyonemorepoemandbegantoreviseinMay1848.Herabandoningofpoetryhasbeenvariouslyexplained.Ithasbeenarguedthatthefactofpublicationkilledthepoetryinher;otherssuggestedthatshewasbusywithWutheringHeights.

MeanwhiletheBrontes'healthwasnotverywell.Branwellhadbeenillbadlysince1845,andhediedonSeptember24th1848.Emilywasreportedashavingacoughandacoldduringthefuneral.Shestruggledthroughhernormalhouseholdtasksuntilalmostthedayofherdeath,refusingallmedicalhelpanddiedoftuberculosisonDecember19,1848.

B.EmilyBronte'sfictionalworld

Thestorymainlycentersaroundtwoharmoniousfamilies,namely,theprosperousandbluffEarnshawfamily,thericherandmorecivilizedLintonfamily,andan"intruder"namedHeathcliff.Mr.Earnshaw,hiswife,theirsonHindleyanddaughterCatherinearelivinginthehandsomefarmhouseWutheringHeightsupinthefoldsofmoors,whileMr.Linton,hiswife,theirsonEdgaranddaughterIsabellalivedownbelowinthevalleyatThrushcrossGrange.Oneday,Mr.EarnshawcomesbackhomewitharuggedfoundlingfromabusinesstriptoLiverpool,whomhenamedHeathcliff.ThedaughtercomestomakefriendswithHeathcliff,whilethesontakeshimasanenemy,"ausurperofhisparents'affectionsandhisprivileges"（Bronte,1994:

36）.HindleymakeseveryefforttotormentandhumiliateHeathcliffafterhisparents'deaths.Inaddition,Catherine,whohasdevelopedapassionateloveforHeathcliffandviceversaaftersomanyyearstogether,realizesthedegradationandpovertyshewillfaceifmarriedtohim.ShedecidestomarrythericherandmoredecentEdgartohelpHeathcliffoutofherbrother'sinsultandtorment.Hurtandfrustrated,Heathcliffrunsawayandreturnsthreeyearslaterwithgoodmannersandfortune,onlytofindthathisbelovedCatherinehasmarriedEdgar.Hebeginstoavengehismaltreatmentandinequality.HecheatsHindleyoutofhispropertyandtrapsEdgar'ssisterIsabellaintobecomingcrazyabouthim.CatherinedieswhengivingbirthtoEdgar'schild,littleCatherine,andHeathcliffventshisangerandgriefonhisrivals.HedeprivesHindley'ssonHaretonoftherightfulinheritanceandturnshimtobeaharshandbarbarousman,whotakesprideinhisvulgarityandrudeness.Atthesametime,hetormentsIsabellatodeathandforcestheirdyingsonLintontomarrylittleCatherine.AfterthesuccessivedeathsoflittleLintonandEdgar,HeathcliffsucceedsinpossessingallthepropertiesofbothWutheringHeightsandThrushcrossGrange.JustasheisabouttodestroythewidowedlittleCatherineandthesavage-likeHareton,hesuddenlychangeshismind,asherecognizessomeresemblancebetweenthetwoyoungstersandCatherineandhimselfintheoldhappydays.For18yearsafterCatherine'sdeath,hehasbeentorturedandhauntedbythememoryofher.Onseeingtheghostofhisbelovedoneday,hefinallyforgetshisrevengeandcomestostarvehimselftodeath.Atthesametime,littleCatherineextendstheolivebranchtoHaretonandmanagestochangehimintoaneducatedman.ThetwofallinlovewitheachotherandendinhappinessatThrushcrossGrangeforever,leavingtheghostsofHeathcliffandCatherinewanderingoverthemoors.

I.Heathcliff’sviewsonlove

A.Heathcliff'sDemonization

1.RootsofHeathcliff'sDemonization

AccordingtoFreud,humanmindislikeaniceberg,ofwhichthevisiblepartabovewatercanbedefinedastheconsciouswhilethelargerpart,theinvisibleoneunderwateriscalledtheunconscious.Theconsciousstandsfortherationalityandreasonandfunctionsastheguardagainsttheirrationalinstinctsoftheunconscious.Inpsychology,

"Apsychicalactmainlygoesthroughtwophasesasregardsitsstate,betweenwhichisinterposedakindoftesting（censorship）.Inthefirstphasethepsychicalactisunconsciousandbelongstothesystemunconsciousness;if,ontestin