Qt英文文献.docx

Qt英文文献.docx

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Qt英文文献

QtisacrossplatformC++graphicaluserinterfaceapplicationframework.Itprovidesapplicationdeveloperstobuildastate-of-the-artgraphicaluserinterfacefunctionalityrequiredby.Qtisfullyobjectoriented,andiseasytoextend,andallowstherealcomponentprogramming.Ithasbecomeaworldwidethousandsofsuccessfulapplicationbased.QtisalsopopularLinuxdesktopenvironmentbasedKDE,KDEisallofthemajorLinuxeditionofastandardcomponent.Qtsupportsthefollowingplatforms:

MS/Windows-95,98,NT4,ME,2000,XPandVista,

Unix/X11-Linux,SunSolaris,HP-UX,CompaqTru64UNIX,IBMAIX,SGIIRIXandmanyotherX11platformMacintosh-MacOSXEmbedded-framebuffer（framebuffer）tosupporttheLinuxplatform,WindowsCE.NokiaQtisaproductofthecompany.QtopensourceversionisQtonlyinordertodevelopfreeandopensourcesoftware,providesthecommercialversionofthesamefunction.TheGNUgeneralpubliclicense,itisfree.Thelatestversioncanbedownloadedhere.FromMay11,2009onwards,NokiaQtSoftwareannouncedtheQtsourcecodelibraryopentothepublic,QtdevelopersthroughtheQtandQtprojectsrelatedtocontributecode,translation,sampleandothercontent,toguideandshapethefuturedevelopmentofQt.IntheintroductionofopenQtcodelibraryatthesametime,QtSoftwareinitsofficialwebsiteannouncedtheirproductplanning（Roadmap）.Theoverviewoftheresearchanddevelopmentprojectofnewfunction,showthestagedirectionsforfuturedevelopmentofQtpointofview,inordertoencouragethecommunitytoprovidefeedbackandcontributecode,toguideandshapethefutureofQt.Qt4.6includesthefirstsupportfortheSymbian,andinitssupportingplatformaddedWindows7,AppleMacOS10.6（snowleopard）andtheupcomingMaemo6.QtonSymbianandMaemosupportfordeveloperscreatedusingthesamecodelibraryatthesametime,thetwoplatformforthedevelopmentopportunities.Abletocrosstheplatformtosharecodemeansthatdeveloperstodevelopapplicationslistedspeedwillbefaster,effectofthedeviceusergroupwillbewider.QtMobilityprojectunderthenewQtAPItechnologypreviewwasreleasedatthesametimeintoday.ThesecrossplatformAPIprovidesdeveloperswithavarietyoffunctions,suchasnavigationequipmentlocalizationfunction,andinformationtransmittingandreceiving,contactsandnetworkconnectionmanagement.Qt4.6isinthe4.5graphicalenhancementsonthebasisofthecreation,andfurtherstrengthenthegraphicsfunction,addingnewanimationframework（AnimationFramework）--includingintuitivestatemachinefunction--aswellasanewadvancedgraphicsfunctions,suchasopaque,shadow,flashandfilter.ThereleaseofQt4.6,QtdevelopmentascrossplatformIDEQtCreatoralsoreleasedanupdatedversion.QtCreator1.3andQt4.6togetherconstitutetheQtSDK,includingthedevelopmentofcross-platformapplicationsforallofthefunctions.QtgoodencapsulationmechanismmakesQtmodulardegreeishigh,canbereused,forusersdevelopmentisveryconvenient.Qtprovidesasafetypecalledsignals/slotsinsteadofcallback,whichmakeseachelementofcollaborativeworkbetweenbecomesverysimple.Qtincludesupto250morethanC++,alsoprovidesatemplatebasedcollections,serialization,file,I/Odevice,directorymanagement,date/time.Evenaregularexpressionprocessingfunction.XMLsupport.Webkitengine,canachievethelocalinterfacewithWebcontentintegration.ButwhatmakestheQtinthefreesoftwareworldmanyWidgets（suchasLesstif,Gtk,EZWGL,Xforms,fltketc.）inthetalentshowingitselfisbasedonQtheavyweightsoftwareKDE

QtCreatorisacompleteintegrateddevelopmentenvironment（IDE）forcreatingapplicationswiththeQtapplicationframework.Qtisdesignedfordevelopingapplicationsanduserinterfacesonceanddeployingthemacrossseveraldesktopandmobileoperatingsystems.ThispaperprovidesanintroductiontoQtCreatorandthefeaturesitprovidestoQtdevelopersduringtheapplicationdevelopmentlife-cycle.

IntroductiontoQtCreator

OneofthemajoradvantagesofQtCreatoristhatitallowsateamofdeveloperstoshareaprojectacrossdifferentdevelopmentplatforms（MicrosoftWindows®,MacOSX®,andLinux®）withacommontoolfordevelopmentanddebugging.

ThemaingoalforQtCreatorismeetingthedevelopmentneedsofQtdeveloperswhoarelookingforsimplicity,usability,productivity,extendibilityandopenness,whileaimingtolowerthebarrierofentryfornewcomerstoQt.ThekeyfeaturesofQtCreatorallowthedeveloperstoaccomplishthefollowingtasks:

GetstartedwithQtapplicationdevelopmentquicklyandeasilywithprojectwizards,andquicklyaccessrecentprojectsandsessions.

DesignQtwidget-basedapplicationuserinterfacewiththeintegratededitor,QtDesigner.

DevelopapplicationswiththeadvancedC++codeeditorthatprovidesnewpowerfulfeaturesforcompletingcodesnippets,refactoringcode,andviewingtheoutlineoffiles（thatis,thesymbolhierarchyofafile）.

Build,run,anddeployQtprojectsthattargetmultipledesktopandmobileplatforms,suchasMicrosoftWindows,MacOSX,Linux,Symbian,MeeGo,andMaemo.

DebugwiththeGNUandCDBdebuggersusingagraphicaluserinterfacewithincreasedawarenessofQtclassstructures.

Usecodeanalysistoolstocheckformemorymanagementissuesinyourapplications.

DeployapplicationstomobiledevicesandcreateapplicationinstallationpackagesforSymbian,MeeGo,andMaemodevicesthatcanbepublishedintheOviStoreandotherchannels.

Easilyaccessinformationwiththeintegratedcontext-sensitiveQtHelpsystem.

QtCreatorispartofQtQuick,whichallowsdesignersanddeveloperstocreatethekindofintuitive,modern-looking,fluiduserinterfacesthatareincreasinglyusedonmobilephones,mediaplayers,set-topboxesandotherportabledevices.QtCreatorenablescollaborationbetweendesigners

anddevelopers.

SupportedOperatingSystems

QtCreatorinstallationpackagesareavailableforMicrosoftWindows,MacOSX,andLinux.QtCreatorcanberunonotherplatforms,butthatrequiresthecompilationofthepubliclyavailablesourcecode.BuildingandrunningQtCreatorfromsourcecodemayrequireaseparateinstallationofQtonyourcomputer.

WorkingwithQtCreator

WhenyoustartQtCreator,itopenstotheWelcomemode,whereyoucanopentutorialsandexampleprojectsorstarttheprojectwizardtocreateyourownprojects.

QtCreatormeetsitsdesigngoalsofsimplicity,ease-of-use,andproductivitybyrelyingontheconceptofmodes.Theseadapttheuserinterfacetothedifferentapplicationdevelopmenttasksathand.DeveloperscanusethemodeselectororkeyboardshortcutstoswitchtoaQtCreatormode.

Eachmodehasitsownviewthatshowsonlytheinformationrequiredforperformingagiventaskandprovidesonlythemostrelevantfeaturesandfunctionsrelatedtoit.Asaresult,themajorityoftheQtCreatorwindowareaisalwaysdedicatedtoactualapplicationdevelopmenttasks.

CreatingProjects

Tobeabletobuildandrunapplications,QtCreatorneedsthesameinformationasacompilerwouldneed.Thisinformationisspecifiedintheprojectbuildandrunsettings.

Whenthestepshavebeencompleted,QtCreatorautomaticallygeneratestheprojectwithrequiredheaders,sourcefiles,userinterfacedescriptionsandprojectfiles,asdefinedbythewizard.

Notonlydoesthewizardhelpnewusersgetupandrunningquickly,italsoenablesmoreexperienceduserstostreamlinetheirworkflowforthecreationofnewprojects.Theconvenientuserinterfacemakesiteasiertoensurethataprojectbeginswiththecorrectconfigurationanddependencies.

DesigningUserInterface

QtCreatorprovidesafullyintegratedvisualeditor,QtDesigner.QtDesignerisatoolfordesigningandbuildinggraphicaluserinterfacesfromQtwidgets.Userscancomposeandcustomizewidgetsordialogsandtestthoseusingdifferentstylesandresolutions.

WidgetsandformscreatedwithQtDesignerareintegratedseamlesslywithprogrammedcode,usingtheQtsignalsandslotsmechanism,whichletsuserseasilyassignbehaviortographicalelements.AllpropertiessetinQtDesignercanbechangeddynamicallywithinthecode.Furthermore,featuressuchaswidgetpromotionandcustompluginsallowuserstousetheirownwidgetswithQtDesigner.

QtDesignerisusedforeditinguserinterfacefiles.Itpresentsuserswithanintuitivedrag-and-dropinterfaceforcomposingnewuserinterfaces.TheuserinterfacesthataredesignedwithQtDesignerarefullyfunctionalandcanbepreviewedimmediatelytoensurethatthedesignisasintended.Thereisnoneedtorecompiletheentireprojecttotestoutanewdesign.

Coding

Writing,editingandnavigatinginsourcecodearecoretasksinapplicationdevelopment.Therefore,thecodeeditorisoneofthekeycomponentsofQtCreator.ThecodeeditorcanbeusedintheEditmodetowritecode.

Thecodeeditoroffersanumberoffeaturesthathelpdevelopersmaintainreadabilityandcodingstyle:

Syntaxhighlightingforkeywords,symbols,andmacrosinC++files.Inaddition,generichighlightingissupportedforothertypesoffiles.

Codecompletionforelements,properties,idsandcodesnippets.Thisisalsosupportedfordevelopers’ownclassesinthecurrentproject.

Checkingcodesyntaxandmarkingerrors（withwavyunderlininginred）whileediting,makingitunnecessarytousecompilationsimplyasawaytofindtyposandsyntaxerrors.

Auto-indentationforsourcecodelayout.

Theabilitytocollapseandexpandfunctionsinthesourcecode（codefolding）.

TheLocatornavigationtoolforquickaccesstofiles,symb