文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx

文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx

《文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响

InfluenceofCulturalDifferencesinInterculturalCommunication

文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响

Abstract

Cultureprovidesacommonstageforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestounderstandeachother,becauseithasthepossibilitytobeunderstoodbydifferentpeoples.Inculturalaspect,duetothevariationinthehistoricaldevelopmentinChinaandAmerica,greatdifferencesexistintheirthoughts,values,beliefsandattitudes,whichnotonlygiverisetothemisunderstandingininterculturalcommunication,butalsoposeheadachetocommunicatorswhoaretryingtobridgethegapbetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage.YetsinceChina’sopeningtotheoutsideworld,peoplesfromthetwocountrieshavegetmorechancestoknoweachotherbetterandnarrowthegapsbetweenthetwonations.Sowithoureffortsingraspingbothcultures’connotations,itwillpromotetheinterculturalcommunication.Onthebasisofanalyzingthedifferencesofthoughts,values,beliefsandattitudesinChinaandAmerica,thisthesisjustmakesabriefstudyontheinfluenceofculturaldifferencesoninterculturalcommunicationandthentrytofindafinesolutiontothisproblem.

Keywords:

interculturalcommunication；difference；connotation

摘要

文化能够为来自不同国家的人民提供一个互相交流和理解的平台，因为它具有可以被不同的人理解的可能性。

在文化方面，由于中美两国不同的历史发展过程，导致其在思维方式、价值观、处世态度和个人信仰诸多方面存在差异，这不仅使文化工作者在跨文化交流中容易产生误解，而且使得它们为弥补文化差异而付出的努力付诸东流。

然而自从中国实行对外开放的政策以来，中美两国人民得到了更多的相互交流的机会，两国间的差距也日渐缩短。

对我们而言，更多地关注两国文化的内涵，这将有助于两国人民的交流与学习。

本文在分析两国人民思维方式、价值观念、处事态度和个人信仰的差异的基础之上，探讨了文化差异给跨文化交流所带来的诸多影响，并试图找到一条能够沟通二者的渠道。

关键词：

跨文化交流；差异；内涵

TableofContents

1.Introduction…………………………………………………..………………....1

2.ThecomparisonbetweenChineseandEnglishinculture…………….....…...2

2.1.Thedifferentvalue………...…………………………………….....………....2

2.1.1.Differentviewsonfamily...…………………….....…………………...2

2.1.2.Differentviewsonmarriage………………………………………....3

2.1.3.Differentviewsoneducation.....……………………………………...5

2.1.3.1.Conceptsofeducation.......…………………………………...5

2.1.3.2.Goalsofeducation….....……………………………………...5

2.1.4.Differentviewsonlife………………………………………………...7

2.2.Thedifferentbeliefs...……………………………………………………….9

2.3.Thedifferentmorality………...…………………………………………....10

2.3.1.Physicalcontact...……...……………………………………………...10

2.3.2.Modesty...……...……………………………………………………...12

3.Theimportanceofinterculturalcommunication………....………..…………..13

4.Problemsindailyinterculturalcommunication....…………...……………......15

4.1.Dailygreetings...……………………………………………………………..15

4.2.Dailycall……………………………………………………………………..15

4.3.Thanks………………………………………………………………………..16

4.4.Guestsatdinner…..………………………………………………………….16

4.5.Privacy………………………………………………………………………..16

5.Conclusion……………………………………………………………………......18

6.References…………………………………………………………………....…..19

ChapterIIntroduction

Cultureindifferentcountrieshasvariousexplanations.However,itsgeneralmeaningisthecombinationofnativeknowledge,experience,value,attitude,grades,religiousandsoon,whichlastsforalongtimeandkeepsaccording,relatestothesocietyordailylifeandcustom.Itisreportedthatculturehasbeenenchasedintotheneocortex,andbecomeakindofcollectiveconsciousness,nobodycandivergefromitfromborntodeath.

Chinaisacountrywithfivethousandyearsofhistory,andithasbeenintheprocessbecomingamajoreconomicandpoliticalpower.Americaisthemostdevelopedcountry,andWesternnations,particularlytheUnitedStates,imposeculturalvaluesontheothersthroughmediaandpopularculture.TheWestpromotesitscultureashavingmoreworth,orbeingmorecorrect,thanotherregions'culturalvalues.WithmorepeoplespeakingEnglishandfollowingAmericanideals,culturalglobalizationdoesn'treallymeanamatterofWesternization.Mutualcommunicationisinevitableandofutmostimportance.Ifwedonotknowthebackgroundofeachculture,wecannotcommunicatewell.

Globalizationhasalwaysexisted,withglobaltradeliketheSilkRoad,butinthe21stcenturyitismuchmorepronouncedthaniteverwasduetotheriseofInternetandfastershippingmethods.Ithelpsthedevelopingcountriescreatemorewealthbysellingtheirgoodsandbringinginmoneyfromoverseas.

Theexchangeofinformationhasmadeculturalbarrierslessdistinct.MorepeoplearewatchingthesameTV,listeningtothesamemusicandreadingthesamebooksthaninthepast.Thismakespeoplelessdifferentfromoneanother,whichinturnmakesiteasierforpeoplefromdifferentculturestoempathizeeachother.

AnalyzingtheChineseandtheAmericanculturesinvolvescomparingandcontrastingthem,tofindsimilaritiesanddifferences.Bothculturescanseemdifferentenoughfromeachothertomakeresearchdifficult.BystudyinghowChineseandAmericanculturesrespondandhaverespondedtoeachothers'influences,youcangainanappreciationofthenationalidentityofeach.

ChapterIITheComparisonbetweenChineseandEnglishinCulture

2.1Thedifferentvalue

Traditionalconceptionofvalueisthecenterofculture,soitcan’tbeavoidedincommunication.Theformationofculturalvalueisaprocessofmakingdecisionandresolvingconflict.Thiskindofvaluealwaysteachescitizensthestandardofhowtojudgetherightandwrong,thegoodandbad,thetrueandfalse,andletthemknowwhattheyshouldstudy,whatshallbecriticized,whatshallbedefended.Whiledisciplinesandlawscannotbetheonlyelementofasocialsystem,it'sthevaluewhichpromotestheestablishmentofthesystem.Eventhoughwesharesomegeneralvaluessuchashardworking,honestandloyalty,duetothedifferentevironmentwelivein,eachcountrywillhaveitsfeaturedvaluesthatwearedifferentfromanyothercountry.

2.1.1Differentviewsonfamily

Perhaps,thereisnoothernationintheworldlovingtheirfamiliesmorethanChinese.AfamilyisquiteparticularforaChinese.SinceChinaisacountrywhichagriculturehaddominatedtheeconomyforthousandsofyears.Thereismoreemphasisonthefamilyasaneconomicunit,becausemostofthetraditionalChinesefamiliesareself-supporting.Familiesgenerallymaintainself-supportingfamilyfarmsorbusinessesformorethanonegeneration.

Inthepast,theChinesewereaccustomedandwillingtostaytogetherwiththefamily.Settledownaplace,andthenlivethere,bearthere,eventuallydiethere;itappearedtobeanendlesscircleoftheChineselife.Theyknewwelltheirplacetheycalledhome.AhomeforaChinese,notmerelyisahousebuiltwithcementandwood,butalsoaworldbelongingtothemonly,offeringchoice,hewouldnotleavehisnativeplaceandfolks.

Inaword,theprimaryresponsibilityofaChinesefamilymemberistoadvancethefamilyasagroup,bothsociallyandeconomically,andtomaintainparentalauthorityandchildren’srespectforparents.

TheviewpointofAmericansonfamilyisquiteopposite.Firstly,theAmericanfamiliesareextremelymobile.IntheUS,everyyearabout40millionsAmericanschangeresidences.Thatstatisticsuggeststhateveryonemoveseveryfiveorsixyears.Therearesomereasonstostimulatethemtomovesooften:

youngpeoplefromfarmsandsmalltownscometothebigcitiesforexcitementandjobopportunities.Coupleswithyoungchildrenmovefromcitiestosuburbstoprovideasafer,morespaciousenvironmentandabetterschoolsystemfortheirchildren.UnliketheChinese,theydon'tsettledowninparticularresidenceandstaythereformanyyears.Thisshiftingaroundputsagreatburdenuponfamilymemberssharingonehousehold.Theymustsupplythepsychologicalsupportthatcanbeprovidedbyamuchlargerfamily,butmanynuclearfamiliesfailtodoit.SosometimesAmericansadmirethewarmsupportfromthestablefamily:

East,west,homeisbest.Homeiswheretheheartis.

Secondly,therelationoftheAmericanfamilymemberscontrastswiththatofChinese.TheprimarypurposeofanAmericanfamilyistoadvancethehappiness,theequalityandthefreedomofindividualmembers.Family'shonorandunityarelessimportantthanthatinChinesesociety.SinceequalityofopportunityregardlessofbirthisconsideredasabasicAmericanvalue,andalso,theAmericandesireforfreedomfromoutsidecontrolclearlyextendstothefamilies,theydon’tliketohavecontrolsplacedonthembyotherfamilymembers.Whatwouldbebestforthefamilyisnotconsideredtobeasimportantaswhatwouldbebestfortheindividual.

InanAmericanfamily,thedemocraticideaofequalitydestroysmuchoftheparents’statusasrulerofthefamilyandlessenstheemotionaldistancebetweenfatherandchildren.Americansareveryindependent,forinstance,parentsinAmericanfamilyseldominterposewhatchildrenaredoing,theyprefertolettheirchildrendevelopthemselvesfreely;onthecontrary,thiskindofattitudewouldberegardedasirresponsibleinChinesesociety.UnliketheChinese,thereislessformalrespectfor,andfearof,thefather,buttheirismoreaffectionexpressedtowardshim:

Themasterandconstitutedrulerhavevanished,thefatherremains.Ontheotherhand,someAmericansareworriedthatthereistoomuchdemocracyinthehome.Someparentsseemtohavelittleornocontroloverthebehavioroftheirteenagechildren,particularlyaftertheyturn16andgettheirdivers'license.

2.1.2Differentviewsonmarriage

Asformarriage,theAmericansthinkhighlyofloveasitsbasis,sotheAmericanproverbsconcerningloveareaffluent.Suchas:

"All’sfairinloveandwar."

"Thepainofloveneverrunssmooth."

"Loveandcoughcannotbehid."

"Onelovedrivesoutanother."

"Loveistherewardoflove."

"Loveisanotheroflove."

AboveexpressionsshowhowAmericansunderstandlove