高中英语常见的英语近义词辨析doc.docx

高中英语常见的英语近义词辨析doc.docx

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高中英语常见的英语近义词辨析doc

常见的英语近义词辨析

1.路 

way—Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway. 

road—Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles. 

path—Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals. 

route—Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads. 

street—Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings. 

2.时代（期）（时期） 

period—Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength. 

time（s）—Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime

era—Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution 

age—Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge 

3.战斗（打仗） 

fight—Itisabodilystruggle（奋斗斗争） 

struggle—Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty. 

（战斗）battle—Afightbetweenarmedforces. 

（战役）campaign—Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar. 

（战争）war—Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled. 

（对抗）combat—Afight,conflict,controversy. 

4.牧师（教士牧师） 

priest—Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch 

（牧师）minister—Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches. 

（牧师）pastor—AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch. 

（教区牧师）vicar—Apriestinchargeofanarea（parish）inthechurchofEngland. 

father—Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic. 

5.服装 

clothing（collect）—（fml）Generaltermofclothes. 

clothes（nosingle）—Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats. 

garment（fl）—Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing. 

costume—1）Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc. 

       2）Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.

uniform—wornbyallmembersofthecommunity. 

dress—1）Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen（连衣裙）. 

     2）wornonspecialoccasions（礼服）eveningdress/morningdress 

suit—Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuit 

coat—Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc. 

overcoat—Awarncoatworninthestreet. 

6.哭 

cry—Themostgeneralone. 

（哭泣）weep—Toletflowtears. 

（抽泣抽嗒）sob—Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths. 

（呻吟）moan—Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow. 

（呻吟）grown—Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval 

（哀悼）mourn—Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied. 

7.美丽漂亮 

good-looking—Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings. 

beautiful—（awomanorathing）Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather. 

handsome—Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsome 

        fellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman. 

pretty—（agirl,orasmallthing）Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.a

     prettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic, 

lovely—（something）Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.

     Thegardenlookslovely. 

fair—Beautiful（ofwomaninpoet）lightincoloresp.,skinhair. 

gorgeous—（personsorthings）（inf）Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.

8.拉拖 

pull—Themostgeneralone. 

draw—Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull. 

drag—Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline（slope）anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity. 

Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace. 

9.旋转turn—Themostgeneralone. 

（自转）spin—Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint. 

Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion. 

Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis. 

（急转）whirl—Toroundveryfast. 

Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol. 

Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard. 

（转动）rotate—Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement. 

Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours. 

10.生气气愤 

anger—Themostgeneralone. 

（易怒）becross—Feelingeasytogetangry. 

（暴怒）fury—Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger. 

Sheflewintoafury. 

11.错误 

（误会）mistake—Awrongthought,act.ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake. 

（过错弱点）fault—Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition. 

findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming—Weakness,failing 

Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople. 

InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool. 

（疏忽）error—Amistake（formalsometimesliterary） 

Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel 

Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror. 

（缺点毛病）defect—sthlackingorimperfect. 

Itreferstoquality. 

Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect. 

（失误过失）blunder—Averystupidorunnecessarymistake. 

Itimpliesignorance. 

Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife. 

12.图画 

picture—Themostgeneralone. 

（彩图）painting—pictureswithcolor. 

（绘画图画）drawing—Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings. 

（草图）sketch—Aroughnotdetaileddrawing. 

（图解图表）diagram—Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething. 

（曲线图）graph—Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated. 

（插图）illustration—Apicturetogowithwordsofabook. 

（图样草图）draft—Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything. 

（平面图）plan—Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove. 

13.特别 

（专门的,与众不同的）special—Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual. 

Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown. 

Thetubecontainsspecialgases. 

（特别的）especial—（fml）Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional 

Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned 

Thisisamatterofespecialimportance. 

（各别的）particular—Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson. 

Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.（适用） 

（特种的）specific—Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.（usedinscientificarticles） 

Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies. 

Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob. 

14.取消消灭 

（取消解除）cancel—Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective. 

Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.（消假） 

（消灭排除）eliminate—Togetridof. 

Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue. 

（撤消废除）repeal—Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder. 

Somelawsshouldberepealed. 

15.破碎 

break—Themostgeneralone. 

（压碎压破）crush—Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure. 

Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit. 

（打碎）smash—Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound. 

Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit. 

（打裂）crack—Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts. 

Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface. 

Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit. 

（破裂）burst—Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin. 

Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair. 

（砸碎破碎）shatter—Tobreakintopieces. 

Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface. 

Theglasswasshatteredtopieces. 

（撞坏）crash—Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged. 

16.环境形势 

（环境形势）conditions—Thelocationandotherfactorslikelytoaffectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesameforsometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses. 

Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries. 

（形势）situation—Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc. 

Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance. 

Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging. 

（环境周围外界）environment—Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectandmaterialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment. 

（形势情况）circumstance（s）—Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffectwhathappens.in（under）thecircumstances 

（环境周围事物）surrounding（s）—Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceorperson.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect. 

Theylivedinhostilesurroundings. 

17.著名的 

well-known—（infl） 

famous—Themostgeneralone.widelyknownorhonored. 

（杰出的知名的）distinguished—Great,outstandingmarkedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeoplewhoarefamousforseriousworkinscience,theartsetc. 

Hewasadistinguishedwriter. 

（驰名的）celebrated—Famous,（substituteforrenowned） 

Itrefersobjectivelytosborsomethingthathasbeengiveacclaimorhonouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasacelebratedactress. 

renowned—Highlyhonoredandfamousforsomethinggood.oftenreferstoplacesorthings,alsoItsuggestssomethingthathasbecomelegendaryorisnolongeravailableforanobjectiveevaluation. 

Edisonwasrenownedforhisinventions. 

noted—Well-knownandadmired 

Itoftendescribesamoreintellectualkindofeffortandaccompl