高中英语常见的英语近义词辨析doc.docx
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高中英语常见的英语近义词辨析doc
常见的英语近义词辨析
1.路
way—Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.
road—Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.
path—Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.
route—Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.
street—Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.
2.时代(期)(时期)
period—Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.
time(s)—Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime
era—Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution
age—Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge
3.战斗(打仗)
fight—Itisabodilystruggle(奋斗斗争)
struggle—Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.
(战斗)battle—Afightbetweenarmedforces.
(战役)campaign—Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.
(战争)war—Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.
(对抗)combat—Afight,conflict,controversy.
4.牧师(教士牧师)
priest—Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch
(牧师)minister—Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.
(牧师)pastor—AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch.
(教区牧师)vicar—Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland.
father—Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic.
5.服装
clothing(collect)—(fml)Generaltermofclothes.
clothes(nosingle)—Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.
garment(fl)—Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.
costume—1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.
2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.
uniform—wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.
dress—1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(连衣裙).
2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼服)eveningdress/morningdress
suit—Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuit
coat—Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.
overcoat—Awarncoatworninthestreet.
6.哭
cry—Themostgeneralone.
(哭泣)weep—Toletflowtears.
(抽泣抽嗒)sob—Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.
(呻吟)moan—Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.
(呻吟)grown—Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval
(哀悼)mourn—Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.
7.美丽漂亮
good-looking—Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.
beautiful—(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.
handsome—Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsome
fellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.
pretty—(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.a
prettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,
lovely—(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.
Thegardenlookslovely.
fair—Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair.
gorgeous—(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.
8.拉拖
pull—Themostgeneralone.
draw—Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.
drag—Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.
Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.
9.旋转turn—Themostgeneralone.
(自转)spin—Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.
Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.
Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.
(急转)whirl—Toroundveryfast.
Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.
Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard.
(转动)rotate—Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.
Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours.
10.生气气愤
anger—Themostgeneralone.
(易怒)becross—Feelingeasytogetangry.
(暴怒)fury—Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.
Sheflewintoafury.
11.错误
(误会)mistake—Awrongthought,act.ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake.
(过错弱点)fault—Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.
findfaultwithsb/atfaultshortcoming—Weakness,failing
Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.
InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.
(疏忽)error—Amistake(formalsometimesliterary)
Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel
Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.
(缺点毛病)defect—sthlackingorimperfect.
Itreferstoquality.
Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.
(失误过失)blunder—Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.
Itimpliesignorance.
Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.
12.图画
picture—Themostgeneralone.
(彩图)painting—pictureswithcolor.
(绘画图画)drawing—Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.
(草图)sketch—Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.
(图解图表)diagram—Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.
(曲线图)graph—Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.
(插图)illustration—Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.
(图样草图)draft—Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.
(平面图)plan—Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove.
13.特别
(专门的,与众不同的)special—Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.
Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.
Thetubecontainsspecialgases.
(特别的)especial—(fml)Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional
Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned
Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.
(各别的)particular—Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.
Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.(适用)
(特种的)specific—Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.(usedinscientificarticles)
Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.
Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.
14.取消消灭
(取消解除)cancel—Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective.
Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.(消假)
(消灭排除)eliminate—Togetridof.
Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.
(撤消废除)repeal—Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.
Somelawsshouldberepealed.
15.破碎
break—Themostgeneralone.
(压碎压破)crush—Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure.
Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.
(打碎)smash—Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound.
Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.
(打裂)crack—Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.
Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface.
Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit.
(破裂)burst—Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.
Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.
(砸碎破碎)shatter—Tobreakintopieces.
Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface.
Theglasswasshatteredtopieces.
(撞坏)crash—Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged.
16.环境形势
(环境形势)conditions—Thelocationandotherfactorslikelytoaffectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesameforsometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses.
Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries.
(形势)situation—Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc.
Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance.
Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging.
(环境周围外界)environment—Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectandmaterialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment.
(形势情况)circumstance(s)—Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffectwhathappens.in(under)thecircumstances
(环境周围事物)surrounding(s)—Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceorperson.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect.
Theylivedinhostilesurroundings.
17.著名的
well-known—(infl)
famous—Themostgeneralone.widelyknownorhonored.
(杰出的知名的)distinguished—Great,outstandingmarkedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeoplewhoarefamousforseriousworkinscience,theartsetc.
Hewasadistinguishedwriter.
(驰名的)celebrated—Famous,(substituteforrenowned)
Itrefersobjectivelytosborsomethingthathasbeengiveacclaimorhonouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasacelebratedactress.
renowned—Highlyhonoredandfamousforsomethinggood.oftenreferstoplacesorthings,alsoItsuggestssomethingthathasbecomelegendaryorisnolongeravailableforanobjectiveevaluation.
Edisonwasrenownedforhisinventions.
noted—Well-knownandadmired
Itoftendescribesamoreintellectualkindofeffortandaccompl