本科毕业论文当前广州外贸出口存在的问题及对策教育学学士.docx

本科毕业论文当前广州外贸出口存在的问题及对策教育学学士.docx

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本科毕业论文当前广州外贸出口存在的问题及对策教育学学士

Abstract

TheworldeconomiccrisishasseriousinfluenceontheChineseeconomy,especiallyonitsexports.ThispaperstartsfromthecurrentsituationofforeigntradeinGuangzhou,andfocusingontheimpactoftheworldeconomiccrisisonGuangzhou’sforeigntradeandaboutpoliciesandstrategiestosolvethepresentproblemsofforeigntradeadoptedbyGuangzhougovernment.Withthegradualimprovementofworldeconomiccrisis,economicdevelopmentinourcountryisgettingbetterandbetter.Inordertosolveitsproblemsinforeigntrade,Guangzhougovernmenthasadoptedsomeeffectivepoliciesandstrategiesandtheresultisgood.Furthermore,withthebetterdevelopmentofrelativepoliciesandstrategiestobefurtherimplemented,Guangzhouwillcompletelysolvethepresentproblemsofforeigntrade.

Undoubtedly,Guangzhouwillgooutofdifficultiesofpresentforeigntrade.WehavethereasonstobelieveGuangzhouwillbecomeoneofthetopcitiesforforeigntradeandwillmakemorecontributiontotheeconomicaldevelopmentofourcountry.

Keywords:

Guangzhou;foreigntrade;financialcrisis;problems;strategies

中文摘要

世界经济危机对中国经济造成了严重的影响，特别是对外贸出口造成了不利的影响更大，本文从当前广州外贸出口情况入手，重点介绍世界经济危机对广州对外贸易的影响以及广州市政府为解决这些问题所制定的方针和策略。

随着世界经济危机的逐渐好转，我国的经济发展越来越好，在这种大好形势中广州市政府正在贯彻执行一系列行之有效的方针政策解决目前广州外贸中存在的问题，效果越来越好。

随着这些方针与策略的进一步全面落实，广州将逐步解决目前外贸出口中存在的问题。

毫无疑问，广州将走出目前外贸出口的困境，重振雄风，成为我国外贸出口的大户，为我国的经济发展和外贸出口作出更大的贡献。

关键词：

广州,对外贸易,金融危机,问题,对策

1.Introduction

Guangzhou,asthefirstcityofforeigntradedevelopmentinChina,hasalonghistoryandanimportantpositionintheworld.Guangzhouhasitsuniqueadvantagesinforeigntrade,relyingonitscheaplaborcosts,rawmaterialsandpriceadvantages,andthecoreofthePearlRiverDelta（PRD）industrybase,andtheinternationalexportmarket.China'sexportsranktopfortheuniquegeographicalandcommercialadvantage,especiallysincethereformandopeningup,Guangzhouhasfirmlygraspedthisopportunitytoformamoredevelopedlightindustryandheavyindustry,comprehensiveproductdevelopmentcapacityandexportcapacityofstrongexport-orientedtradesystem,thisoccupiesaleadingpositioninexports.Butinrecentyears,Guangzhouisimpactedbythefinancialcrisis,andasthetraditionaladvantagesofGuangzhou'sexporttradeovertheyears,it’smoreobviousinweakeningadvantagesofthemarket.It’sshownonblockinGuangzhou'sforeigntradeinexports,andleadstoreduceofmanyorderstoforeigntradeenterprises,corporatelayoffs,salaryreductionsandjob’ssharpdropinbusiness,andresultsinalargenumberofworkersretrenchedorforcedindefiniteleaveandthusrisingunemployment.Fromviewsofinternationalenvironment,appreciationofRMB,thefinancialcrisis,overseasmarkets’（especiallyEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmarket）shrinkingdemand,popularofprotectionism,andthestatetoadjustexporttaxrebateadjustmentsandotherfactors,makesGuangzhouforeigntradepricesarenotavailable.FromviewofForeignTradeenterprises’exporters,thetensionoflandandlaborandrawmaterialspricesrosebringexportenterprisesgreatpressure.ThefollowingcontentwillintroducetheGuangzhouforeigntradeanditsexportsanditsforeigntradeproblems,analysisoftheimpactofforeigntradeinGuangzhouandthecausesandtoproposestrategies.

2.GeneralDescriptionofForeignTradeexportinGuangzhou

AnalysisonGuangzhoutradecompetitivenessindexshowedthatthecompetitivenessofGuangzhou'sforeigntradeisnotstrongstill.ThemainreasonisthatGuangzhou’smostofindustriesintheinternationalindustrialdivisionoflaborareinadisadvantageousposition,andthey’reextensivemodelofeconomicgrowth.ToenhancethecompetitivenessofGuangzhou'sforeigntrade,wemustdevelopandimplementsustainabledevelopmentstrategiestofurtherpromotetheforeigntradesystem’sinnovation,andvigorouslypromotetheupgradingandtransformationofforeigntradestructure,establishandimprovetradefacilitationsystemandindependentinnovationsystem,andenhanceinternationalcompetitiveness.ThispaperanalyzesthecompetitivenessofGuangzhou'sforeigntradesituationanditsproblems,andonthisbasisgivesresponseandreflection.

2.1ThestructureofforeigntradeexportinGuangzhou

Generaltradeandprocessingtrade,especiallytheprocessingtradeaccountsforthemostinGuangzhou'sexport.Sincethereformandopeningup,Guangzhoucontinuestobringinforeigninvestments,useofcoastalgeographicaladvantages,andtakeadvantageofabundantlaborresources,intheendformafull-scaleprocessingmanufacturingbaseoflightindustryproducts.AutomotiveindustryisoneofthepillarindustriesinGuangzhou,itintroducesthreeautomakers,namelyToyota,NissanandHyundai,andtheconstructtheHondaexportbase,occupyastrongcomparativeadvantageinexportingthevehicle.AsthesmallareaofagriculturallandinGuangzhou,theagriculturalpopulationisrelativelysmall,andpoorinmineralresources,soitschemicalindustryandmetalindustryexportsareincomparativedisadvantage.Mechanicalandelectrical,audio-visualequipment,thoughtheyareatacomparativedisadvantage,butinrecentyears,theyhavebeendominatedfirstinexport.jewelry,shoes,hats,plasticproducts,paperproducts,leatherproducts,automobiletradeanditscloserprocessingproductsareGuangzhou’sstrongexportproducts,whilemetalproducts,chemicalproducts,minerals,etc.duetonaturalconstraintsofresourcesandheavyindustry,areatadisadvantagestage.Inrecentyears,jewelry,carsandelectricalproductsareimprovingsteadily.TheexportmarketinGuangzhouconcentratesinHongKong,Japan,theUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanUnionhasreachedmorethan70%,whichdominatedHongKong.

Guangzhou’sexportmaybedividedintothreeparts:

（1）Bymajortradepattern:

generaltrade;processmaterialssuppliedbycustomers;processwithimportedmaterials

（2）Bymajoreconomictype:

state-ownedenterprises,foreignfundedenterprises,collectiveenterprises,privateenterprises

（3）Bymajorcommoditypoints:

mechanicalandelectricalproducts,high-techproducts,bulkexportcommodities,steeletc.

Totalvalueofmerchandiseexportsin2007

Unit:

（millionU.S.dollars）

Item

2007

Increaseordecreaseoverthepreviousyear（%）

Total

3790230

17.1

Bymajortradepattern

#generaltrade

1692184

25.3

processmaterialssuppliedbycustomers

594581

6.5

processwithimportedmaterials

1427951

13.6

Bymajoreconomictype

#state-ownedenterprises

847536

11

foreignfundedenterprises

2214449

12.4

collectiveenterprises

67479

40.5

privateenterprises

657092

44.9

Bymajorcommodity

#mechanicalandelectricalproducts

1921067

18

high-techproducts

664740

8.3

bulkexportcommodities

Apparelandclothingaccessories

401666

15.3

Automaticdataprocessingequipmentandparts

189028

-6

Textileyarn,fabricsandrelatedproducts

170944

7.8

shoes

124413

8.3

PrintedCircuit

127254

15.3

Pearls,preciousstonesandsemi-preciousstones

106591

9.4

Steel

90719

7.5

Preciousmetalsorcladwithpreciousmetaljewelry

94769

17.2

Automaticdataprocessingequipment,spareparts

71548

-9.3

Furnitureandpartsthereof

91417

26.8

Bymajorcountries（regions）

#HongKong

1008479

12.6

Japan

211044

23.8

UnitedStates

739058

0.1

EuropeanUnion

671578

16.2

AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations

260468

27.5

Source:

BasedonThePeople'sRepublicofChinaMinistryofCommercenetworkandGuangzhouCustomsrelevantdata.

2.2CharacteristicsoftheGuangzhoutradeexportstructure

Basedontheabovetwodiagrams,Guangzhou'sexportshavethefollowingcharacteristics:

2.2.1OptimizestructureofGuangzhoutradeexportcommodities

Theproportionofmechanicalandelectricalproductsinexportsisanimportantsigninthemeasureofacountry（region）levelofexportcommoditystructure.Afterthereformandopeningup,Guangzhouhasadoptedandimplementedexport-orientedstrategy,whichgreatlypromotedtheexportofelectromechanicalproducts,andacceleratedexportgrowthofmechanicalandelectricalproductsandhigh-tech.

2.2.2RationalizestructureofGuangzhouexportmarket

Withtheemergenceofnewtradeprotectionism,internationaltradefrictionsandtradedisputesareontheincrease.Inresponsetothiscomplexsituation,andtoresolveinternationaltraderisks,Guangzhouhasactivelyimplementedstrategyoftheexportmarketdiversificationandcontinuouslyexpandingthespaceoftrade,suchasJapan,EuropeanUnionandAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations.Theemergingexportmarketshavebeenstrong.

2.2.3DiversifiedbusinessentitiesofGuangzhoutradeexport

Withthegradualliberalizationofexportoperationrights,andtheinvestmentexpansionofthescale,agrowingnumberofcollectiveenterprises,privateenterprisesandforeign-fundedenterprisesaregraduallyjoinedtheranksofexporttrade.Themainstructureofbusinesshasformeddiversifiedpattern,includingthestate-ownedenterprises,foreign-fundedenterprises,collectiveenterprisesandprivateenterprises

2.2.4DiversifiedtradepatternsofGuangzhoutradeexport

Atthebeginningofreformandopeningup,Guangzhou’sForeignTradepatternwasthegeneraltrade,whileprocessingtradeandotherformsoftradewasrelativelysmall.Inrecentyears,undertheencouragementofnationalpolicyandundertheguidingideologyofgivingfullplaytoChina'scomparativeadvantageinlaborcostsonforeigntrade,processingtradeinGuangzhouhasgraduallydevelopedasingleapproachtothecoexistenceofavarietyofways.

3.TheimpactoffinancialcrisisonGuangzhou’sforeign