阀门英语词汇解释.docx

阀门英语词汇解释.docx

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阀门英语词汇解释

Actuator

Deviceusedtooperateavalveusingelectric,pneumaticorhydraulicmeans.Oftenusedforremotecontrolorsequencingofvalveoperations.

Alloysteel

Asteelconsistingprimarilyofironwithsomepercentageofoneormoreotherelementssuchaschromium,nickel,manganese,orvanadiumdeliberatelyaddedtoenhanceitsproperties.

Ambienttemperature

Theprevailingtemperatureoftheenvironmentimmediatelysurroundinganobject-generallyconsideredtobe-20°Fto+100°F.

Austeniticstainlesssteel

Thecommonstainlesssteel,wheretheprimarymicrostructureisausteniteandthecompositionprimarilyironbutalsoincludesbothchromiumandnickel.Thesteelsaredesignatedas300seriessuchas304,316,CF8M,etc.

Bevelgearoperator

Devicefacilitatingoperationofagateorglobevalvebymeansofasetofbevelgearshavingtheaxisofthepiniongearatrightanglestothatofthelargerringgear.Thereductionratioofthisgearsetdeterminesthemultiplicationoftorqueachieved.

Backseat

Ashoulderonthestemofagateorglobevalvewhichsealsagainstamatingsurfaceinsidethebonnettopreventleakageofmediathroughthebonnetstuffingboxwhenthevalveisfullyopened.

Ball

Theclosureelementofaballvalve.

Ballvalve

Avalveusingasphericalclosureelementwhichisrotatedthrough90°toopenandclosethevalve.

Body

Theprinciplepressurecontainingpartofavalveinwhichtheclosureelementandseatsarelocated.

Boltedbonnet

Abonnetwhichisconnectedtoavalvebodywithboltsorstudsandnuts.

Boltedconstruction

Describesavalveconstructioninwhichthepressureshellelements（suchasbodyandclosuresofatrunnionballvalve）areboltedtogetherandsocanbetakenapartandrepairedinthefield.

Bonnet

Thetoppartofavalve,attachedtothebody,whichcontainsthepackinggland,guidesthestem,andadaptstoextensionsoroperators.

Bore（orport）

Theinsidediameterofthesmallestopeningthroughavalve,e.g.,insidediameterofaseatring,diameterofholethroughballinaballvalve.

Buttweldend

Theendconnectionofavalvesuitablypreparedforbuttweldingtoaconnectingpipe.

Carbonsteel

Ironcontainingcarbonintheformofcarbides,about0.1to0.3percentcarbonwithnootheralloyingelementsotherthanthesulfur,phosphorus,andotherelementspresentinalmostallsteels.

Castiron

Thecommontermforcastgrayironorironcontainingflakecarbonintherangeof_%to2_%.Castironisbrittle,exhibitingverylittleductilitybeforefracturing.

Casting

Aproductortheactofproducingaproductmadebypouringmoltenmetalintoamoldandallowingittosolidify,thustakingtheshapeofthemold.

Charpytest

Adestructivemechanicaltestconductedonapreciselymachinedcouponofsteeltobetested.Thecouponisclampedinaspecialmachineandsubjectedtolateralhammerblow.Thetestprovidesarelativemeasureofthetoughnessofthesteeloritsresistancetoshockorimpactloadsandisusuallyrequiredformaterialusedinlowtemperatureapplications.

Checkvalve

Aone-directionalvalvewhichisopenedbythefluidflowinonedirectionandclosedautomaticallywhentheflowstopsorisreversed.

Clapper

Thehingedclosureelementofaswingcheckvalve.

Class

Apressureratingexpressedasadimensionlessnumber.Theclassratingchartsgiveactualpoundspersquareinchmaximumallowablepressureatagiventemperature.

Closure

Theendsofaboltedconstructionballvalve,boltedtothebody,whichoftencontaintheseatrings.

Closureelement

Themovingpartofavalve,positionedintheflowstream,whichcontrolstheflowthroughthevalve,e.g.,wedge,plug,clapper,ball.

Cv

Flowcoefficientexpressedasthenumberofgallonsofwaterthatwouldflowthroughanopening,suchasavalveport,in1minuteunderadifferentialpressureof1psi.

CWP

Coldworkingpressure-themaximumallowablepressureundernon-shockconditionsatambienttemperature（-20°Fto+100°F）.

Dezincification

Aformofpittingcorrosionwhichattackscertainzincbearingcopper-basedalloys,oftencalled"yellowbrasses",whenincontactwithseawaterorfreshwaterthatishighinoxygenandcarbondioxide.（ASTMB61andB62are"redbrasses"andnotsusceptibletodezincification.）

Doubleblockandbleed

Thecapabilityofavalveunderpressuretoobtainasealacrossboththeupstreamanddownstreamseatringsandtohaveitsbodycavitybleddowntoatmosphericpressure.

Drainplug

Afittingatthebottomofavalve,theremovalofwhichpermitsdrainingandflushingthebodycavity.

Elastomer

Anaturalorsyntheticelasticmaterial,oftenusedforo-ringseals.Typicalmaterialsareviton,buna-n,EPDM（ethylenepropylenedimonomer）,etc.

Emergencyseatseal

Afittingonthevalvebodythroughwhichsealantcanbeinjectedtoeffectaseatsealinanemergencysituation.

Endconnection

Thetypeofconnectionsuppliedontheendsofavalvewhichallowsittobeconnectedtopiping-maybeweldend,flangedend,threadedorsocketweld.

Facetoface

Theoveralldimensionfromtheinletfaceofavalvetotheoutletfaceofavalve（oneendtoanother）allowingvalvesofthesamesizeandpressureclasstobemutuallyinterchangeable,regardlessofmanufacturer.

Facing

Thefinishofthegasketcontactsurfaceofaflange.

Fitting

Anycomponent,otherthanvalves,usedwithpipeaspartofthepressuresystemandnormallyreferringtoitemscoveredbyanationalstandard.

FlatFace（FF）

AflangesurfaceinwhichthegasketsealingareaistheentiresurfacefromtheIDtotheoutsideedge.Usuallyusedforclass125castironvalves.

Firesafe

Avalvedesignthatiscapableofpassingafiretestwithspecifiedlimitsonleakagetotheatmosphereanddownstreamafterbeingclosedsubsequenttofireexposure.

Floatingball

Aballvalvedesigninwhichtheballisnotrigidlyheldonitsrotationalaxisandsoisfreetofloatbetweentheseatrings.

Forging

Ametalworkingprocessthatinvolveshammeringorsqueezing,withorwithoutadie,athotworkingtemperaturestoformaspecificshape.

Fullbore（fullopening）

Describesavalveinwhichthebore（port）isnominallyequaltotheboreoftheconnectingpipe.

Fullpenetrationweld

Describesthetypeofweldwhereintheweldmetalextendsthroughthecompletethicknessofthepartsbeingjoined.

Gasket

Acomponentwhosepurposeistosealajointbetweentwolargercomponents,softerthanthesurfacesofthejointbeingsealedandusuallysqueezedbymeansofboltingtoeffecttheseal.

Gate

Theclosureelementofagatevalve（sometimescalledwedgeordisc）

Gatevalve

Astraightthroughpatternvalveinwhichclosureelementisawedgesituatedbetweentwofixedseatingsurfaces,withmeanstomoveitinoroutoftheflowstreaminadirectionperpendiculartothepipelineaxis.Usedasablockvalve,oron-offvalve.

Glandorglandbushing

Thepartofthevalvewhichretainsorcompressesthestempackinginastuffingbox.

Glandfollowerorglandflange

Thecomponentusedtoholddownorretaintheglandinthestuffingbox.

Globevalve

Avalvewhoseclosureelementisaflatdiscorconicalplugsealingonaseatwhichisusuallyparalleltotheflowaxis.Canbeusedforthrottlingservices.

Graphite

Flexiblecarbonmaterialusedtomakegasketsandpacking.Thegasketsmaybeflatgraphitesheetorhavemetalinsertsforaddedstrength.Thepackingisacombinationoflatticebraidedringsusedasanti-extrusionorwiperringsanddie-formedringswhicharecompressedtoeffecttheseal.

Greasefitting

Adevicewhichpermitsinjectionofgreaseintoabearingsurface.

Handwheel

Awheel-shapedvalveoperatingdeviceintendedtobegraspedwithoneorbothhandswhichallowsturningthevalvestemoroperatorshafttowhichitisattached.

Hardfacing

Asurfacepreparationinwhichanalloyisdepositedonametalsurfaceusuallybyweldoverlaytoincreaseresistancetoabrasionandorcorrosion.

Heatanalysis

Achemicalanalysisconductedbyafoundryimmediatelypriortopouringwhichmeasurestheexactchemicalcompositionofaparticularbatchofmoltenmetal.

Heattreatment

Describesanyprocessorprocedurebywhichtheinternalstructureofsteelisalteredbyheatingtoproducedesiredphysicalandmechanicalcharacteristics.

Hottap

Aconnectionmadetoapipelinewhilethelineisunderpressureorinservice.Aspecialprocedureisrequiredtomakeanopeninginthepipewithoutleakinganyofthelinecontents.

Hottears

Adefectoccurringincastingscausedwherepartiallysolidifiedorweak,newlysolidifiedsectionsaresubjectedtoapullresultingfromthecontractionofthinnerpartsthathavesolidifiedearlier.Ahottearisanintergranularfailure.

Hueytest

Acorrosionresistancetestforstainlesssteel,mostusefulforpredictingresistancetointergranularcorrosion.

Hydrostatictest

Apressuretestinwhichavalveistestedwithwatertodetectleaks-maybeashelltestoraseatclosuretest.

IBBM

Ironbody,bronzemounted-commontermforvalveswithcastironbodyandbonnetandbronzetrim（seatingsurfaces,stem,bushings）.

ID

Themeasurementoftheinsidediameterofacircularpart.

ISRS

Insidescrew,risingstem-commontermforanyvalvedesigninwhichthestemthreadsareexposedtothefluidbelowthepackingandthestemrisesupthroughthepackingwhenthevalveisopened.

Lever

Anoperatingdeviceforquarter-turnvalves.

Liquidpenetrantinspection

Anondestructivemethodofdetectingthepresenceofsurfacecracksandimperfectionsthroughuseofaspecialreddye.AbbreviatedasLPIorPT.

Lockingdevice

Anyvalveattachmentwhosepurposeistopreventtheoperatio