外研社版高中英语必修一 Module 1 基础知识总结.docx
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外研社版高中英语必修一Module1基础知识总结
单词派生(学生)
enthusiastic-enthusiasm
amaze-amazed-amazing
information-inform-informed
….
继续补充中
单词:
1,Instruction(s)-instruct-direction
Thecoachgavemealotofinstructionsindriving.教练给我许多指示。
Givesb.Someinstruction
On/underone’sinstruction按照某人的指示
On/underthedoctor’sinstruction,thepatientshouldtake3pillsaday.按照医生的嘱咐,这名病人应该每天吃3片药。
giveinstructionsin…在某方面给予指示
followone’sinstruction遵照某人的指示,嘱咐
Weshouldfollowthecoach’sinstructionwhendriving.
Instructsb.todosth.指示某人干某事
2,Information-单词辨析message(s)
Informsb.todosth.通知某人做某事
Apieceofinformation/twopiecesofinformation/askforinformationonsth./officialinformation/first-handinformation
3,Im-press/ex-press-Impression-impressive-impressed
Beimpressedwith/by…对…留下印象
Impresssb.withsth./Impresssth.Onsb.某物给某人留下印象
Leave/makean(good,deep,bad)impressiononsb.某事给某人留下印象
Impresssth.(oneself)on(upon)sth.使铭记;给…留下深刻的印象
Wewereimpressedby/withthehighstandardofwork.工作水准之高,给我们留下深刻印象。
OurEnglishteacherimpresseduswithboththedepthandrangeofherknowledge.知识的渊博给我们留下深刻印象
Thatmovieleftadeepimpressioninmymind.
Herwordsimpressedthemselvesonmymemory.他的话使我铭记在心里。
4,Cover
coverage
cover覆盖/包含/占地/掩护/报道/盖子
becoveredwith/by…被…遮盖
Cover…with…用…遮住/盖住
Snowcoveredthemountain.
coverthedistanceof…
5,embarrasse-embarrassing(性质)-embarrassed(感情)-embarrassment
课文
6,•A+is+倍数+as+adj(big/long/wide/high/deep)+asB.
A+is+倍数+比较级)bigger/longger/wider/higher/deeper)+thanB
A+is+倍数+thesize/length/width/height/depth+ofB
记得这里有一个倍数的计算问题。
(twice/double=N+times)
Ourschoolis3timesasbigasyours.
Ourschoolis2timesbiggerthanyours.
Ourschoolis3timesthesizeofyours.
7,20,MsShen’steachingmethodisnothinglikethatofothers.(3-25)
•Nothinglike完全不像/根本不像/somethinglike大约,有点儿(肯定句)/anythinglike完全像,全然,有点儿像(否)
that=themethodofteaching
8,inotherwords,therearethreetimesasmanygirlsasboys.(3-45)
•Inwords用言语/ina(one)word总之,总而言之/inotherwords换句话说/breakone’sword食言,不遵守诺言/keepone’sword遵守诺言/wordby(for)word逐字地/getawordin=getinaword插话/havewordswithsb.与某人吵架/haveawordwithsb.和某人谈一谈
Hekepthiswordandreturnedthebooktomeontime.遵守诺言,如期还书。
Wecanexpressourselvesinwords.用言辞来表达
Neverbreakyourword.永远不要食言。
Readtheletterwordby(for)word逐字阅读信
Wouldyouliketohelpus?
-Inaword,no.(言简意赅)
WhenJackstartstalking,nooneelsecangetawordinwithhim.
Isthereanybodycangetawordinaroundhere?
CanIhaveawordwithyou?
Jackneverhaswordswithhisneighbors.从不与邻居吵架
9,•动词+副词+介词
Makeupfor…弥补,补偿Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofability.
goinfor…爱好,喜欢Theygoinfortennisandbowls.
breakawayfrom…从..中逃离/摆脱XinjiangwantstobreakawayfromChina.
dowellin…在某方面做的不错,擅长Hedidverywellinswimming.
runoutof…用光,耗尽theyrunoutoftheirmoneyatthebeginningofamonth.
speak(think)highlyof…对…高度评价,高度赞扬Trythisplease.Manycustomersspeakhighlyofit.
Addupto…累计达,合计达Manysmallvictoriesadduptoabigone.
Lookupto…尊敬,敬仰,高看Childrenshouldlookuptotheirparents.
Lookdownupon…小看Peopleusuallylookdownuponsocialclimbers.
Liveupto…不辜负Shehasliveduptothehopesofhisfather.
Getdownto…开始做Wereallymustgetdowntoourhomework.StudyingEnglish
Catchupwith…追上,赶上Hestoppedandlethercatchupwithhim.
Comeupwith…找到,提出(答案,解决办法等)Jackhascomeupwithaveryniceidea.
Goalongwith…/getalongwith…与…相处(和..一起走)Itisimpossibletogetalongwithhim.根本无法和和睦相处。
Putupwith…=stand=bear容忍,忍受Developingcountrywon’tputupwiththissituationformuchlonger.忍受不了多久了。
Doawaywith拜托,废除Theydidawaywiththelaw.他们废除了法律。
Goonwith继续做某事(一度终止后继续)Nowheiswell,hecangoonwithhisEnglishstudy.
以下为资料库
学科的词
语文/数学/英语/生物/物理/化学/地理/计算机信息技术/历史/体育
10yuanwillbenothinglikeenoughforapresent.压根就不够
ThereisnothinglikewhatIwanted.压根就没有我想要的。
Havenothingtodowithsth./sb.与某人/某事没有关系
Therewassomethinglike500peopleinourschool.
Itisn'tanythinglikeascoldasitwasyesterday今天全然不像昨天那样冷。
21,too/also的区别
22,introduceourselvestoeachother(3-30)
IntroduceAtoB把A介绍给B
introduction介绍(名词)
introduceoneself自我介绍
introducesb.tosth.使某人了解某事
introducesthinto把某事物传入,引入
Atthefirstdayofnewterm,ourteacherintroducedusanewstudent(我自己犯得错误不能接双宾语).=Heintroducedanewstudenttous.
Thesescientistsintroducedcornintochina500yearsago.引入中国
Heintroducedthenewcomertousattheparty.聚会上,他给我们介绍了那个新来的人。
Iwillintroduceyoutocarracing.
23,wedothisinafunway
withthismethod/bythismeans
inthisway通过这种方法,方式
inthismanner
Ina…way…以…的方式
Pleasetrythisinthisway.这样试下。
Ihaveheardyoucuredmanydiseaseswiththismethod.我听说你用这种办法正好了很多病。
Everyyear,hundredsofanimalsarekilledinthisway.
HehasimprovedhisspokenEnglishgreatlybythismeans.通过这种方法,极大的提升了他自己的口语。
Inthismanner,youcanstartsharingyourvalueimmediately.立即开始分享你的价值。
Pleasetalkwithmeinafriend/politeway.有好的方式和我说话。
25,hard-working合成形容词(3-45)
26,Iamlookingforwardtodoingit.(3-50)
•Lookforwardto…期盼,期待(名词/代词,动名词)
Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Helookedforwardtoseewherehismotherwouldgo.不定式作补语
ThedayIhavebeenlookingforwardtowillcomesoon.我一直期盼的那一天就要来临了。
27,I’m16yearsold.(8)
关于年龄的另外几种表达方法。
28,sohaveI.(8)
SoIhave.
•so+主语+助动词/系动词be/情态动词;表示某人确实…
-Mikeispolite.
-soheis.
So+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语;表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者
-Ilikeit.
-sodoher.
•Far-farther-fathest距离上/Far-further-furthest程度上/farfrom远离
Hecanjumpfartherthanme.他跳的比我远。
IwillgotoLondonforfurtherstudy/education.去伦敦进一步教育。
Taiyuanis(not)farawayfromBeijing.(一般疑问句的变换)
AsfarasIknow,thatiscorrect.据我所知,那个是正确的。
•Writedown写下,记下=putdown=notedown
Iwritedownmythoughtsindiaryeveryday.
•Thought(think)想法,心思(抽象名词具体化时可数,其余不可数)/readone’sthoughts了解某人的想法/atthethoughtof…一想到…就/thoughtful考虑周全的,体贴的,关怀备至的,沉思的/thoughtfully/thoughtless粗心大意的,欠考虑的/thoughtlessly粗心大意地,欠考虑的/thoughtlessness粗心大意
Iamnotabletoreadyourthoughtsonthissubject.我无法了解你对此事的看法。
Hefeelunhappyatthethoughtofpolitics.一想到政治就不开心。
Don’tgiveitanotherthought.不要再想了。
Hesatinthoughtfulsilence.他坐着,沉思不语。
Itwasthoughtfulofyoutosendtheflowers.你送花来,想的真周到。
(这里联想到了of和for的区别)
Helookedatthephotothoughtfully.若有所思的看这照片。
Thoughtlessremark欠考虑的话
•Fun-funny/havefun/enjoyyourself(区别见之前的词汇辨析总结)
Itismorefuntogowithsomeonethantogoalone.偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。
It'sfunnytoseeamanwalkwithhishandsandhead.看见一个人倒立走路很滑稽
•Get/Beboredwithsb./sth./doingsth.…对…厌倦/betiredof厌烦/betiredwith因…而疲劳
Theboysquicklygetboredwithstayingindoors.孩子们很快就在屋子里呆不住了。
Idon’tthinkIwillbeboredwithMs.Shen’sclass.我认为上沈老师的课,我是不会感到疲倦的。
Idon’tthinkIwillbeboredinMs.Shen’sclass.(在…感到无聊)
Iamtiredofdoingsameworkdayafterday.日复一日的工作,厌烦了。
Iamtiredwith5hours’ride.
•Atfirst/atthebeginning起初,一开始(他两在句子中的位置有什么区别,以后再做辨析)
Somestudentswereembarrassedatfirst.一开始的时候,有些同学还不好意思。
Iusedtoseehimeverydayatfirst,nowIseehimmuchless.起初,我天天都能见到他,现在少多了。
WearegoingtoJapanatthebeginningofJuly.七月初我们要去日本。
•Some/any/this/that/these/those/one/it/ones/theone/theones代词的区分(初中阶段就应该掌握,这里是复习)
Thebookonthedeskisnewerthanthatunderthedesk.
Iboughtapenanditcostme10yuan.
Ihavelostmypen,Iamgoingtobuyanewone.
IlikeAmericannovels,especiallythe20thcenturyones.
Ilikethebook,theoneinthatdrawer.
Iwanttobuysomeapples,theonesthatlookfresh.
•Beinvolvedin…参与weshouldbeinvolvedinsportsactively.我们应当积极参与运动。
(这里是情态动词的应用,怎么变化人称都无用,否定的变化要举一反三,还有疑问句的变换)
•Cloth布料,不可数,apieceofcloth
Clothes衣服,常以复数的形似出现
Clothing服装,常说clothingindustry服装工业
•Bedividedinto…被分成Thisarticlehasbeendividedintotwoparts.
•Takepartin参加群体性活动,重在说明积极参加该活动,并在其中发挥一定的作用。
HowmanycountriestookpartinthelastOlympics?
Joinin参加各种活动,尤其指参加竞技,娱乐等。
CanIjoininthediscussion?
Join指参加某个组织或团体。
Hejoinedthecompany6monthsago./jointhearmy
Attend正式的出席Only12peopleattendthemeeting.
•Besimilarto…与…相似
Thisquestionissimilartothatone.
•morethan超过,多于,不仅仅/notmorethan不超过,顶多,不比…更/nomorethan只是,仅仅
Answerthisquestioninnotmorethan10words
Thenumberofthestudentsinmyclassismorethanyours.
Eachclasshasnomorethan8students.顶多8个
(not)more…than=不如……
nomore…than=和……一样不(否定两者)
(not)less…than=不如……不(即指不如less后形容词的反面)
noless…than=和……一样(肯定两者)
比较以下各句的意思:
Youaremorecarefulthanheis.你比他仔细。
Youarenotmorecarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细。
Youarenomorecarefulthanheis.你和他一样不仔细。
Youarelesscarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。
Youarenotlesscarefulthanheis.你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。
Youarenolesscarefulthanheis.你和他一样仔细。
(有点儿绕口,还需要继续的精细化)
•bedisappointedat/by/about因…而失望/沮丧
Theyaredisappointedattheresultofthegame.比赛结构令人失望。
Bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而感到失望/沮丧
Hewasdisappointedtoseeshewasnotattheparty.
Bedisappointedthat…对…感到失望/沮丧
Iwasdeeplydisappointedthathedidn’tcome.他没有来,我很失望。
•mindvt介意
Doyoumindit?
-no,Idon’tmind.
Mind+(物主代词)动名词或者if从句
Wouldyoumind(my)turningofftheTV?
我把电视关掉,你介意吗?
Wouldyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?
你介意我在这里抽烟吗?
DoyoumindIfIsmokehere?
我在这里抽烟,你介意吗?
Doyoumind(my)doingsth?
你介意我来做某事吗?
(陈述语气)从句中一般用现在时
Wouldyoumindif…?
如果…你不介意吗?
(虚拟语气)从句中一般用过去时
•国家/人,的/语言
中国/日本/美国/俄罗斯/加拿大/澳大利亚
2.amaze-Amazing/amazed-amazingly
It’samazingthat/how……真是令人稀奇
It’samazingthatmyyoungerbrotherhasgotagradeAinmathinsuchashorttime.
It’samazinghowoftenyouseeadriversusingmobilephones.
Beamazedby/at/that…对…大为稀奇
Iwasama