最新上海市崇明区届高三英语一模.docx
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最新上海市崇明区届高三英语一模
崇明区2019届第一次期末质量检测试卷
英语
I.ListeningComprehension
II.GrammarandVocabulary
SectionA
ElectricBikeBaninNewYorkHurtsFoodDeliveryWorkers
AbanonelectricbicyclesinNewYorkCityishurtingdeliveryworkerswhodependonthemtoearnaliving.Manyoftheworkersareimmigrants.
Electricbicycles,or“e-bikes,”looklikeregularbicycles,buttheyhaveelectric-poweredmotorstoassistridersinmovingthebikeforward.Moste-bikesreachspeedsofabout32kilometersanhour,butsomecangomuch(21)________(fast).
(22)________itislegaltoowne-bikesinNewYorkCity,itisnotlegaltooperatethem.Officialsthereconsiderthedangeroususeofe-bikesonstreetsandsidewalksasreason(23)________theban.Lastyear,thecityannouncedseveremeasures(24)________(mean)toholde-bikeridersandrestaurantsthatemploytheridersresponsible.
E-bikeoperatorscannowbefined$500forbreakingtheban.Thepolice(25)________alsoseizethebikes.
ManyofNewYork’sdeliveryworkersareChineseimmigrantsintheir50sand60s.Theirjobrequiresthemtoworkquicklyandforlonghours(26)________(earn)enoughmoneytoliveon.
DeliveryworkerDeqingLiansaiditisimportanttoperformqualitywork(27)________theirjobalsodependsontips.Headdedthatwhendeliveryworkersaretooslow,somepeoplerefusetopayforthefood.Thismakestheworkers’supervisorsangry.
LiqiangLiuisane-bikedeliveryworkerandspokespersonfortheNewYorkDeliveryWorkersUnion.Hesays(28)________(catch)breakingthebanandhavingthebikeseizedwouldcausecostlydelaysforworkers.
DoLeeiswiththeBikingPublicProject,(29)________providesassistancetobicycle-relatedworkersinNewYorkCity.Hesaysthecity’sbanone-bikesisunfairlytargetinglow-paidworkerswholargelycomefromthecity’sLatinoandAsiancommunities.Hedoesnotaccepttheargument(30)________e-bikespresentadangertocitizens.However,manyNewYorkersarequicktoblamee-bikeridersfornotbeingsafe.
SectionB
A.overateB.preciousC.rateD.researchersE.impressionF.previous
G.presentedH.interpretI.goersJ.revealedK.consumer
PeopleThinkMealsTasteBetterIfTheyAreExpensive
Itissaidthatthere’snosuchthingasafreelunch,butevenifyoumanagetobagabargainmeal,itwillnottasteasgoodasamoreexpensivemeal,accordingtoscientists.
Anewstudyhasfoundthatrestaurant__31__whopaymorefortheirmealsthinkthefoodistastierthanifitisofferedforasmallerprice.Theexpertsthinkthatpeopletendtoassociatecostwithqualityandthischangestheir__32__ofhowfoodtastes.
ScientistsatCornellUniversityinNewYorkstudiedtheeatinghabitsof139peopleenjoyinganItalianbuffet(自助餐)inarestaurant.Thepriceofthefoodwassetbythe__33__ateither$4or$8fortheall-you-can-eatmeal.Customerswereaskedto__34__howgoodthefoodtasted,thequalityoftherestaurantandtoleavetheirnames.
Theexperiment__35__thatthepeoplewhopaid$8forthefoodenjoyedtheirmeal11percentmorethanthosewhoatethe“cheaper”buffet.Interestinglythosethatpaidforthe$4buffetsaidtheyfeltguiltieraboutloadinguptheirplatesandfeltthatthey__36__.However,thescientistssaidthatbothgroupsatearoundthesamequantityoffoodintotal,accordingtothestudy__37__attheExperimentalBiologymeetingthisweek.
BrianWansink,aprofessorof__38__behaviorattheuniversity,said:
“Wewerefascinatedtofindthatpricinghaslittleimpactonhowmuchoneeats,butahugeimpactonhowyou__39__theexperience.”Hethinksthatpeopleenjoyedtheirfoodmoreastheyassociatedcostwithqualityandthatsmallchangestoarestaurantcanchangehowtastypeoplefindtheirmeals.
Ina(n)__40__study,scientistsfromtheuniversityshowedthatpeoplewhoeatindimlightingconsume175lesscalories(卡路里)thanpeoplewhoeatinbrightlylitareas.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA
HowClimateChangeAffectsAirlineFlights
HotweatherhasforceddozensofcommercialflightstobecanceledatairportsintheSouthwestthissummer.Thisflight-disturbing__41__isawarningsign.Climatechangeisprojectedtohavefar-reaching__42__--includingsealevelrisefloodingcitiesandshiftingweatherpatternscausinglong-termdeclinesinagriculturalproduction.Andthereisevidencethatitisbeginningtoaffectthetakeoffperformanceofcommercialaircraft,withpotentialeffectsonairline__43__.
Nationalandglobaltransportationsystemsandtheeconomicactivitytheysupporthavebeendesignedfortheclimateinwhichitalldeveloped.Intheaviation(航空)industry,airportsandaircraftaredesignedfortheweatherconditionsexperienced__44__.Becausetheclimateischanging,evenfundamentalelementslikeairportsandkeyeconomicpartslikeairtransportationmayneedtobe__45__.
Asscientistsfocusedontheimpactsofclimatechangeandextremeweatheronhumansocietyandnaturalecosystemsaroundtheworld,ourresearchhasquantifiedhowextremeheatassociatedwithourwarmingclimatemayaffect__46__aroundtheworld.We’vefoundthatmajorairportsfromNewYorktoDubaitoBangkokwillseemorefrequenttakeoffweight__47__inthecomingdecadesduetoincreasinglycommonhottemperatures,whichcanhelpreducetheaircraft’sweightsoastoloweritsrequiredtakeoffspeed.
Thereisobviousevidencethatextremeeventssuchasheatwavesandcoastalfloodingarehappeningwithgreaterfrequencyandintensitythanjustafewdecadesago.Andifwe__48__toreducegreenhousegasemissionssignificantlyinthenextfewdecades,thefrequencyandintensityoftheseextremesisprojectedtoincreasedramatically.
The__49__onaviationmaybewidespread.Manyairportsarebuiltnearsealevel,puttingthematriskofmorefrequent__50__asoceansrise.Thefrequencyandintensityofviolentairmovementmayincreaseinsomeregionsduetostrengtheninghigh-altitude(高海拔的)wind.Strongerwindswouldforceairlinesandpilotstochangeflightlengthsandroutines,potentiallyincreasingfuel__51__.
Manydepartmentsoftheeconomy,includingtheaviationindustry,haveyettoseriously__52__theeffectsofclimatechange.Thesooner,thebetter:
Bothairportconstructionandaircraftdesigntakedecades,andhave__53__effects.Today’snewestplanesmaywellbeflyingin40or50years,andtheir__54__arebeingdesignednow.Theearlierclimateimpactsareunderstoodandappreciated,themoreeffectiveandlesscostlyadaptationcanbe.Thoseadaptationsmayevenincludeinnovativewaystodramaticallyreduceclimate-alteringemissionsacrosstheaviationindustry,whichwouldhelpreducetheproblemwhilealso__55__it.
41.A.schemeB.heatC.shiftD.mess
42.A.contributionsB.confusionsC.feedbacksD.consequences
43.A.pilotsB.reservationsC.costsD.accidents
44.A.historicallyB.enormouslyC.fundamentallyD.domestically
45.A.retestedB.implementedC.prospectedD.reengineered
46.A.travelsB.developmentsC.flightsD.communications
47.A.disordersB.gainsC.bansD.restrictions
48.A.happenB.failC.aimD.promise
49.A.taxesB.effectsC.viewpointsD.comments
50.A.floodingB.rottingC.repairingD.transferring
51.A.standardB.efficiencyC.distributionD.consumption
52.A.considerB.avoidC.maximizeD.demonstrate
53.A.greaterB.differentC.lastingD.direct
54.A.airportsB.productsC.contractsD.replacements
55.A.sneezingatB.respondingtoC.resultinginD.recoveringfrom
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
Fluiskillingus.Theusualresponsetotheannualfluisnotenoughtofightagainsttheriskswecurrentlyface,letaloneprepareusforanevendeadlierwidespreadfluthatmostexpertsagreewillcomeinthefuture.Yes,wehaveanannualvaccine(疫苗),andeveryonequalifiedshouldgetitwithoutquestion.Thereality,however,isthatlessthanhalfAmericansgetthefluvaccines.Andthefluvaccineswehaveareonly60%effectiveinthebestyearsand10%effectiveintheworstyears.Weurgentlyneedamuchmoreeffectivefluvaccine.
IntheU.Salone,seasonalflucancauseupto36millioninfections,three-quartersofamillionhospitalizationsand56,000deaths.Wearenotinvestingtheresourcesneededtoprotectourselves,ourlovedonesandourcommunities.
Whynot?
Wehaven’tbeenhitbyatrulydestructivewidespreaddiseaseinalongtime.Soasindividuals,weletdownourguardasourleadersquietlydefundanddistafftheservicesweneedtoprotectus.
Theriskofcontinuedfootdraggingishuge.Inaseverewidespreaddisease,theU.Shealthcaresystemcouldbedefeatedinjustweeks.Millionsofpeoplewouldbeinfectedbythevirus,andwoulddieintheweeksandmonthsfollowingtheinitialoutbreak.
Thecostofpreventingepidemics(流行病)isroughlyatenthofwhatitcoststocopewiththemwhentheyhit.In2012,acallwasissuedforanannualbillion-dollarU.S.commitmenttothedevelopmentofauniversalfluvaccine.Sixyearslater,thesearchforauniversalvaccineremainedseriouslyunderfunded.
Thesimplereasonliesinourcollectivesatisfaction.Assoonasheadlinesaboutthefluaregoinghospitalsareemptiedofflupatients,andschoolandworkplaceabsenceratesdeclines,wegobacktobusinessasusual.
Leadingscientistsandpublichealthoffici