医学英语写作与翻译.docx

医学英语写作与翻译.docx

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医学英语写作与翻译

医学英语写作与翻译

第三部分医学英语的写作

任务一标题的写作（Title）

●标题的结构

1.名词+介词

Blindness（视觉缺失）afterTreatmentforMalignantHypertension

2.名词+分词

UnilateralNeurogenicPruritusFollowingStroke

中风后单侧神经性瘙痒

3.名词+不定式

SuggestiontoAbolishIcterusIndexDetermination（黄疸指数测定）whereQuantitativeBilirubinAssay（胆红素定量）isAvailable

建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定

4.名词+同位语

Gentamicine,aSelelctiveAgentfortheisolationofBetahemolyticStreptoccociβ-溶血性链球菌

庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物

5.名词+从句

EvidencethattheV-sisGeneProductTransformsbyInteractionwiththeReceptorforPlatelet-derivedGrowthFactor血小板源性生长因子.

V-sis基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据

6.动名词短语

PreventingStrokeinpatientswithAtrialFibrillation心房纤维性颤动

心旁纤颤患者中风预防

DetectingAcuteMyocardialInfarction（急性心肌梗死）byRadio-immunoassayforCreativeKinase（酐激酶）

用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死

7.介词短语

OnControllingRectalCancer

8.陈述句

DietaryCholesterolisCo-carcinogenic协同致癌因素forHumanColonCancer

9.疑问句

HomeorHospitalBirths

IsTreatmentofBorderlineHypertensionGoodorBad?

●注意副标题的作用

1．数目：

EndoluminalStent-graft带支架腔内搭桥forAorticAneurysms动脉瘤:

Areportof6cases

带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告

2．重点：

Aorto-arteritis大动脉炎ChestX-rayAppearanceandItsClinicalSignificance

大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义

3．方法：

GallstoneIleus（胆结石梗阻）:

ARetrospectiveStudy

4．作用：

CarcinoembryonicAntigeninBreast-cancerTissue:

Ausefulprognosticindictor

乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示

5．疑问：

Unresolved—Dodrinkershavelesscoronaryheartdisease?

6．连载顺序：

PhysicalandChemicalStudiesofHumanBloodSerum:

II.AstudyofmiscellaneousDiseaseconditions

人类血清的理论研究：

II.多种病例的研究

胆石症超声波诊断

1.请把下列句子改写成名词性短语标题（nounphrasetitles）

-Thyroidcancerisalateconsequenceofhead-neckirradiation

改为：

Thyroidcancerasalateconsequenceofhead-neckirradiation

-Coronaryheartdisease:

Overweightandobesityareriskfactors

改为：

Coronaryheartdisease:

Overweightandobesityasriskfactors

-Highbloodpressureisasideeffectofdrugs,poisons,andfood

改为：

Highbloodpressure:

Asideeffectofdrugs,poisons,andfood

-Highuricacidservesasanindicatorofcardiovasculardisease

改为：

Highuricacidasanindicatorofcardiovasculardisease

-Prostaglandinsserveasmediatorsofinflammation

改为：

Prostaglandinsasmediatorsofinflammation

任务二引言的写作（Introduction）

●引言的构成

阅读下列引言,分析其构成部分并概括每一部分的大意。

Helicobacterpylori（Hp幽门杆菌）isconsideredtobethemainaetiologicalagent发病原因ofthemostcommonformofchronicgastritis]胃炎intheadultpopulation—typeBgastritis.TypeBgastritisislocalizedintheantrum窦,腔,房andpylorus幽门,whereastypeAgastritis,theclassicautoimmunegastritis,mainlyoccursinthefundus底部.Hpyloripositivechronicgastritisoftheantrumhasbeenfoundtobecloselyrelatedtoduodenal十二指肠ulcerandcanleadtogastricatrophy萎缩,aprecursor前兆ofgastriccancer.（第一部分：

课题的研究概况及背景介绍）

Environmentalfactors,suchassocioeconomicandeducationalstate,seemtoaffecttheprevalenceofHpyloriinfection.InfectionisconsistentlyhigherinHispanicandblackpeoplethaninwhitepeopleandisinverselyrelatedtoeducationallevel.

Theprevalence程度ofHpyloriinfectionishigherinclosecommunities密集人口andinmembersoffamilygroupsthaninthegeneralpopulation.Thismaybeduetoreplasesorreinfectionsbetweenmembersofthesamefamily.Furthermore,therouteoftransmissionofHpyloriremainsunknown,althoughmostoftheevidencesupportspersontopersontransmissionwithcolonizationoccurringprimarilyinchildhood.Undernaturalcircumstancestransmissioncouldbebytheoro-oralorfaecal-oral（粪-口）routes,butnostrongevidenceexiststosupporteitherrouteastheprimaryone,andbothmayberelevantdependingonotherfactors.（第二部分：

内容、目的和方法等）

MoststudiesoftransmissionofHpyloriinfectionwithinfamilieshavebeenconductedonparentsandsiblingsofchildrenreferredfor针对…研究symptomsandnotonthegeneralpopulation.Toavoidthispotentialselectionbias偏差,westudiedpartofthepopulationoftheDionysoscohortstudy群组研究toassesswhetherchildrenofHpyloriinfectedparentshadhigherinfectionratethanthosefamilieswithuninfectedparents.（第三部分：

理由和意义）

●引言各组成部分的常用时态和语态

1.观察下列有关“课题的研究概况及背景介绍”的表达中运用了哪些时态和语态。

（常用一般现在时或者是现在完成时，多用被动语态）

-Sinceitsinitialdescription40yearsago,HCM（HypertrophicCardiomyopathy肥厚型心肌病）hasbeenlargelyregardedtobeassociatedwithsubstantialdisabilityandprematuredeath,andannualmortalityratesashighas3%to6%hadbeenreported.

自40年前首次报道以来，人们一直认为HCM与严重活动能力受限和过早死亡有关。

据报道每年死亡。

-Studieshaveshownthatpatientswithchronicrenalfailurehaveahighfrequencyofcardiovascularatheromatousdisease.

-Stethoscopediaphragmshavebeenshowntoharborpotentiallypathogenicbacteria.

-Itremainsunclearwhetherventriculartachyarrhythmiasareinfluencedbybeat-blockingagentsbluntthemorningpeakoflife-threateningventriculartachyarrhythmias.

-Theincidenceofcommonbileductcalculiinpatientsselectedforlaparoscopiccholecystectomyis4to6percent.Managementiscontroversial.

1.请把下列有关“内容、目的和方法等”的句子主干

结构划出来。

（描述过去的研究活动可用过去时或者过去完成时）

-Ina22-year-oldmale,whohadbeenirradiated16yearspreviouslyforHodgkin’sdisease,aradiation-inducedthyroidcarcinomadeveloped.放疗诱发的甲状腺癌.

16年前因患何杰金病接受放射治疗的22岁男子患有放疗诱发的甲状腺癌。

-Atotalof120patientswithisolatedstenosisoftheproximalleftanteriordescendingcoronaryarterywererandomlyassignedtostentimplantation.

-Patientswithmyocardialinfarction,cardiomyopathy,andcongenitalheartdiseaseswereexcluded.

-Theanalysisshowedthatthisdiseasewasassociatedwithage,systolicbloodpressure,bodymassindex.

2.第二部分的常用时态和句型（常用一般过去时）

-todo…

-Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal（ofthepresentstudy）is/wasto…

-Thepresentstudyis/wasdesigned/devised/intendedto…

-Thestudywasperformed/conducted/carriedout/undertakento…

-Weaimed/soughtto/attemptedto…

-Inanattempttoinvestigate/determine/clarify/assess

-inaneffortto…inorderto/inthisstudy

-Anattemptwasmadeto;

-Thispaperexamines/（isconcernedwith,dealswithwillpresentordescribe）;

-Thisstudywillhavethreeobjectives:

…

练习：

TranslatethefollowingsentencesofobjectiveintoEnglish

1）目的：

对临终前改变护理而采取的临床干预进行回顾性研究。

译文：

Objective:

Toreviewclinicalinterventionsdesignedtochangecareattheendoflife.

2）目的：

研究CMV对一年死亡率的同位肝移植患者的作用。

译文：

Objective:

TostudytheeffectofCMVon1-yearmortalityratesinorthotropiclivertransplantrecipients.

3）本文提出了一种确定HIV低流行人群中HIV危险性（risk）的方法。

译文：

ThisarticleproposesamethodforestimatingHIVriskinlow-HlV-prevalentpopulations.

4）本研究的目的是确定由拆换导尿管而引起的菌血症发病率和临床处理。

译文：

Thepurposeofourstudywastodeterminetheincidenceandclinicalrelevanceofbacteremiainducedbyurinarycatheterreplacements.

5）本研究的目的是调查硝酸甘油剂量对心肌缺血性损害的影响。

译文：

Thepurposeofthepresentstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectofthedoseofnitroglycerinonmyocardialischemicinjury.

6）目的：

确定输注人体白蛋白能否改善病人的预后。

译文：

Objective:

Todeterminewhetherreplacementofhumanalbuminwillimproveapatient'sprognosis.

4.翻译下列句子，注意句中划线部分的时态和语态。

-Heartsfrommenwhodiedofsuddencoronarydeathwerestudiedinaprospectivefashion.Theseheartswereseeninconsultation（会诊）withmedicalexaminerinthestateofMarylandbetweenJanuary1997.Coronaryarteryfixation,cardiacdissection,andtissuesamplingwereperformedaspreviouslydescribed.本项目对冠心病猝死的男性心脏进行前瞻性研究。

1994年1月至1997年5月马里兰州的医学人员对这些心脏进行过研究。

冠状动脉固定术、心脏解剖以及组织标本制作情况如前所述。

-B.P.（bloodpressure）wasmeasuredtwicebytrainedobserversusingastandardmercurysphygmomanometerafterthesubjecthadbeenseatedforatleast5minutes.

受试者就座至少五分钟后，由训练有素的观察者用标准水银血压计测量两次血压。

-Sevenofthe12childrenwerelessthan6yearsofageatthetimeofcholecystectomy,andtheyoungestwasa9-month-oldboywhohadbeenreceivingtotalparenteralnutrition（TPN）（全胃肠外营养）sinceshortlyafterbirthafterduodenaltrauma.

12名患者中有7例在进行胆囊切除时年龄不足6岁。

最小的是九个月。

他出生后不久便因十二指肠创伤一直接受全胃肠外管养。

-Allsampleshavebeenfrozenat-20℃untiltestedbyconventionalELISA（酶联免疫吸附测定法）.

所有标本在-20℃下冷冻，用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定。

5.“第三部分理由和意义”的表达

1）图表的表述

…isshowed/presentedinTable…;thefigureshows/indicates/demonstrate/illustratethat;wasstronglyassociatedwith…;wasinverselycorrelatedwith…wasindirectproportionto…;wasincreasedto/by;wasdecreasedto/reduced/dropped/lowered/declinedto;wasinverselyproportionalto;wascomparedwith;

2）表达数值范围或具有…….意义

Rangefrom…to…;rangebetween…and…;varyfrom…to…varybetween…and…;witharangeof…to…;from…to…theratioof….;vs;therateof…;results（data）demonstrate/confirm/suggest/indicate/reveal/that…;theexperiments/results/findings/investigation/facts/supplyabasisfor…;theobservationresultsareconsistent/inaccord/withthetheory/idea/proposal/hypothesis/previousstudiesthat…;issimilartothatreported/described/documented（证明）by…;resultsarecontrastedwith/differentfrom…;mayhavebeencausedby…mayleadto...resultin…accountfor…;isrelated/due/attributedto…Although/evenif;onedifferentinterpretationofthisdifferencebetween…and…is…;onthebasisof/basedonthesepremises…;wethinkbelieve/propose/hypothesize/recommendthat…;canspeculateon…;whether…remains/isyettobedetermined;furtheranalysisexperimentswillbenecessary/neededtoconfirm…;Weconcludethat…;Haveimplicationsto（对…有意义）；thereareseverallimitationsto…;Given…考虑到…；whentakingthispointintoconsideration…Amajorfindingofthisstudyisthat…

3）概述本研究的内容

Amodelfor…wasdeveloped;providesadescriptionof…;wehaveprovidedanewapproachto…;wehavepresentedempirical实证studiesof…；wehaveexploredtherelationshipbetween…;theexperimentconfirmedthat…;Theresultsupportourclaimthat..证实我们的想法；theresultshowsreasonablyg