代词.docx
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代词
代词
一、定义。
代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。
二:
人称代词,物主代词,反身代词用法概述
这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。
其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。
物主代词又包括两种形式:
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
特别注意:
形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。
这三种代词的形式变化表如下:
3.用法。
1)、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
如:
I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物)
Are they from Brazil?
(他们是巴西人吗?
) 了?
)
2)、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如:
Who teaches you English this year?
(今年谁教你们的英语?
)
Help me!
(救救我!
)
We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
3)、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
如:
--Who is it?
(是谁?
) –It’s I/me.(是我。
)
4)如果有几个人称代词并列充当主语,它们的顺序是:
单数形式you,heandI复数形式we,youandthey
如:
Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)
–Who will go there?
(谁要去那儿?
)
–You and me.(你和我)
5)、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如:
--What’s the weather like today?
(今天天气怎样?
)—It’s fine.(天气晴好)
--What’s the time?
(几点啦?
) –It’s 12:
00.(12点)
It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)
It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)
6)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。
如:
Is that your umbrella?
(那是你的伞吗?
) /
I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) /
They are their books.(是他们的书)
7)、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。
如:
This is your cup,but where is mine?
(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?
) /
Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)
8)“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。
如:
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。
)
9)、1,反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。
如:
Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)
2,在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。
如:
The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)
3.反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。
例如:
byoneself亲自foroneself为自己calloneself称自己teachoneself自学
helponeselfto随意吃loseoneself迷路speaktooneself自言自语
seatoneself就座makeoneselfunderstood让别人懂得自己的意思
练一练:
用括号中的适当形式填空
1 Are these ______(you)pencils?
Yes,they are ________(our).
2 Whose is this pencil?
—It’s ________(I).
3. I love ________(they)very much.
4 .She is________(I)classmate.
5 .Miss Li often looks after________(she)brother.
6.Are these ________(they)bags ?
—No, they aren’t ________(their). They are ________(we).
选择填空.
1.Mr.MorehasmoremoneythanMr.Little.Buthedoesn’tenjoy_______.
A.heB.himC.hisD.himself
2.Lilywas9yearsold._____wasoldenoughtogotoschool________.
A.She,sheB.She,herselfC.Her,herselfD.Her.she
3.Jim’swatchismuchnewerthan_________.
A.hersB.sheC.herD.herself
4.Wouldyoulike_____forsuper?
A:
somethingChineseB:
Chinesesomething
C:
anythingChineseD:
Chineseanything
5.______pianoistooold,butshestilllikedplayingit.
A.SheB.She’sC.HersD.Her
6.——WhotaughtyouEnglishlastyear?
——Nobodytaughtme.Itaught______.
A.meB.myselfC.mineD.I
7.Thatbikeis_________?
A.heB.himC.hisD.it
8.Webought______apresent,but_______didn”tlikeit.
A.they,themB.them,they
C.themselves,theirD.theirs,they
9.Who’s singing over there ?
— ________ is Sandy’s sister.
A.That B.It C.She D.This
10.________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.
A.She, you and I B. You, she andI
C.I, you and she D. Her, me and you
11.Between you and ________, he is not a real friend
A.me B.I C.he D. his
12.My uncle bought a new bike for ________.
A.theirs B.they C.me D.I
13.Here’s a postcard for you, Jim!
—Oh,____ is from my friend, Mary.
A.he B.it C.she D.it’s
14. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ________.
A.he B.his C.her D.him
15.Will anyone go on a trip with him ?
— Not ________. A. I B. me C. mine D. He
16.Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ________. A. he B. his C. him
17.Those girls enjoyed ____ in the party last night.
A. them B.they C. themselves D. herself
18.Help ____ to some fish, children.
A.yourselfB.your C. yours D. yourselves
19.Thefilm ____ is very fun.
A.it’s B.itself C. it D. its
20.–Who teaches ____ math?
–I teach ______.
A.your,my self B.you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself21.The father will make ____ a bike ____.
A.her,himself B.she,himself C. her,herself D.she,herself 22.The scarf is ____, she made it_____.
A.herself, her B.herself, hers C.hers, herself D.her,herself23.I like watching ____ in the mirror.
A. me B. I C. my D. Myself
24.Idon’tthinkwecandoitall______.
A.byourselvesB.bymyselfC.byourselfD.byyourselves
25.Ican’trepairthemodelship______.Canyouhelp______?
A.me;meB.myself;myselfC.myself;meD.me;myself
26.Doesyourbrotheroftenwashclothes______?
A.heB.himselfC.herselfD.him
27.Thebookontheshelfis______.Shewrote______nameonitscover.
A.Hers;her;herselfB.Her;hers;herself
C.Herself;her;hersD.Her;herself;herself
28.Yourmotheriskindness______.
A.itselfB.herselfC.oneselfD.himself
29.Isthisherbike?
No,itisn’t.It’s______.
A.mineB.myC.meD.he’s
30.______LiPing’sbrother.
A.HerB.HisC.He’sD.She’s
31.Heisaboy.______nameisWangBing.
A.HeB.HisC.HerD.He’s
32.Let______haveameeting.
A.meB.youC.usD.me
33.WhenyouseeTomandhissister,tell______that______motheriswaitingatthegate.
A.his;hisB.her;hersC.them;theirD.his;her
34.Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.
A.I B.me C.mine D.my
35.Isthis___magazine?
-No,itisn’t.It’s
36.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______.
A.us B.ourselves C.them D.themselves
37.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit.
A.hisB.heC.himD.his’s
38..Shecan’tfind______watch.
A.hersB.itC.herD.it’s
不定代词
some & any
1)some 和 any 皆意为“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。
例如:
There are some books on the desk. 桌子上有一些书。
I want some apple juice. 我想来点苹果汁。
There are not any oranges in the shop. 商店里没有橙子了。
Do you have any good news?
你有什么好消息吗?
2)some多用于肯定句,any通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
例如:
I’d like some bananas. 我想要些香蕉。
—Are there any fish in the river?
河里有鱼吗?
—No, there aren’t any fish. 不,没有。
3)另外,在表示建议或请求的疑问句中,常用some而不用any。
例如:
Would you like some coffee?
来点咖啡好吗?
不定代词
当我们不知道或者不需要提及正在谈论的人的名字时,我们用someone / somebody, anyone/ anybody以及no one / nobody等不定代词;当我们不知道或者没有必要提及正在谈论的事物的名称时,我们用 something, anything 以及nothing等不定代词。
具体说来:
一:
构成
二、用法
1)带some的不定代词常用于肯定句中,而带any的一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
例如:
—Is there anybody behind the door?
门后有人吗?
—Yes, there is somebody behind the door. 是的,门后有人。
—Was there anything on the blackboard?
黑板上有东西吗?
--No, there wasn’ anything / was nothing on the blackboard. 不,黑板上没有什么东西。
2)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句中,也常用带some的不定代词。
例如:
Would you like something to eat?
你要些吃的东西吗?
3:
不定代词的定语后置,即放在不定代词的后面。
例如:
Do you have anything to say?
你有话要说吗?
He found something strange but interesting.他发现了奇怪但却有趣的事情。
4)不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人
边学边做
TaskⅠ目标展示。
选词填空。
some / any
1.I have _______ fruit with me. Would you like to taste it?
2.—Do you have _______ new toy cars?
—Sorry, I don’t have _______.
3.—What about _______ milk?
—That sounds great.
somebody / anybody / nobody
4.—Did ______ see you break the window?
—No, I don’t think so. ______ saw me.
—Look!
______ is coming this way.
--Oh, that’ Miss Gao. I must say sorry to her.
something / anything / nothing
5.—Would you like ______ to eat?
—No, thanks.I don’t want _______ at the moment.
—But you’ve had ________ to eat all day.
Is there ______ wrong with you?
Are you feeling ill?
—No. Don’t worry. Everything is fine.
I’m just not hungry. That’s all.
Task2. 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1.—There’s ________ important in today’s newspaper,isn’t there?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I haven’t got the paper yet.
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
2.—Who helped Li Lei with his English?
________. He learnt it by himself.
A.Anybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Everybody
3.—Have you bought ________ for Linda’s birthday?
—Not exactly. Just some flowers.
A.something unusual B.anything unusual
C.unusual something D.unusual anything
4.I asked for ________ orange juice, but she didn’t have ________.
A. any; any B. some; any C. some; some D. any; some
5.“I don‘t think I am different from ________ else. I am just the son of a farmer,”Mo Yan said.
A.anyone B.nobody C. someone D. everyone
6. There isn’t ________ paper in the box.
Can I have ________ to print my Maths exercises?
A. any; some B.any; any C. some; any D. some; some
7.You are in a bad mood all the afternoon. Maybe you need ________ like me to make you happier.
A.no one B.none C.somebody D.everybody
8.—Do you have ________ else to say for your mistake?
—________ but sorry.
A.anything; Something B.something; Everything
C.something;Anything D.anything; Nothing
9.The boy asked Mr Black for ______ advice on his further English studies.
A. a B. an C. some D. any
10.I knocked on the door several times but _____ answered, so I left.
A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody
11.Walt,we have few vegetables for dinner.Could you go and buy _____?
—Yes, sure. But I don’t have _____ money.
A. any, any B. some, any C. any, some D. some, some
12.—You look badly ill. What’s wrong?
--I have a stomachache.I think I ate _____ at lunch.
A.something bad B. bad something
C. anything bad D. bad anything
13.—What shall we do this weekend?
You can go swimming, hiking,ordoing _____ else you enjoy.
A.somebody B. nobody C. everything D. anything
Task3根据提示,改写下列句子。
1. He knows something about parrots. (改为否定句)
He _______