经济学词汇大全重点.docx

经济学词汇大全重点.docx

《经济学词汇大全重点.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《经济学词汇大全重点.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

经济学词汇大全重点

经济学词汇大全

经济学词汇

A

accounting会计accountingcost会计成本accountingprofit会计利润

adverseselection逆向选择allocation配置allocationofresources资源配置

allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧弹性Arrow'simpossibilitytheorem阿罗不可能定理Assumption假设asymetricinformation非对称性信息average平均averagecost平均成本

averagecostpricing平均成本定价法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital资本平均产量averageproductoflabour劳动平均产量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均总成本averagevariablecost平均可变成本

B

barrierstoentry进入壁垒baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly双边垄断

benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint极乐点boundarypoint边界点

breakevenpoint收支相抵点budget预算

budgetconstraint预算约束budgetline预算线budgetset预算集

C

capital资本capitalstock资本存量capitaloutputratio资本产出比率

capitalism资本主义cardinalutilitytheory基数效用论cartel卡特尔

ceterispuribusassumption“其他条件不变”的假设ceterispuribusdemandcurve其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlinmodel张伯伦模型changeindemand需求变化

changeinquantitydemanded需求量变化changeinquantitysupplied供给量变化changeinsupply供给变化choice选择closedset闭集Coasetheorem科斯定理Cobb—Douglasproductionfunction柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobwebmodel蛛网模型collectivebargaining集体协议工资

collusion合谋commandeconomy指令经济commodity商品

commoditycombination商品组合commoditymarket商品市场

commodityspace商品空间commonproperty公用财产

comparativestaticanalysis比较静态分析compensatedbudgetline补偿预算线compensateddemandfunction补偿需求函数compensationprinciples补偿原则compensatingvariationinincome收入补偿变量competition竞争

competitivemarket竞争性市场complementgoods互补品completeinformation完全信息completeness完备性conditionforefficiencyinexchange交换的最优条件conditionforefficiencyinproduction生产的最优条件concave凹

concavefunction凹函数concavepreference凹偏好consistence一致性

constantcostindustry成本不变产业constantreturnstoscale规模报酬不变

constraints约束consumer消费者consumerbehavior消费者行为

consumerchoice消费者选择consumerequilibrium消费者均衡

consumeroptimization消费者优化consumerpreference消费者偏好

consumersurplus消费者剩余consumertheory消费者理论

consumption消费consumptionbundle消费束consumptioncombination消费组合consumptionpossibilitycurve消费可能曲线consumptionpossibilityfrontier消费可能性前沿consumptionset消费集consumptionspace消费空间

continuity连续性continuousfunction连续函数contractcurve契约曲线

convex凸convexfunction凸函数convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集

corporatlon公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分costfunction成本函数costminimization成本极小化Cournotequilihrium古诺均衡Cournotmodel古诺模型Cross—priceelasticity交叉价格弹性

D

dead—weightsloss重负损失decreasingcostindustry成本递减产业

decreasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递减deduction演绎法demand需求demandcurve需求曲线demandelasticity需求弹性demandfunction需求函数demandprice需求价格demandschedule需求表depreciation折旧derivative导数derivedemand派生需求differenceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程

differentiatedgood差异商品differentiatedoligoply差异寡头

diminishingmarginalsubstitution边际替代率递减diminishingmarginalreturn收益递减diminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减directapproach直接法directtaxes直接税discounting贴税、折扣diseconomiesofscale规模不经济

disequilibrium非均衡distribution分配divisionoflabour劳动分工

distributiontheoryofmarginalproductivity边际生产率分配论duoupoly双头垄断、双寡duality对偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis动态分析

dynamicmodels动态模型

E

Economicagents经济行为者economiccost经济成本economicefficiency经济效率economicgoods经济物品economicman经济人economicmode经济模型

economicprofit经济利润economicregionofproduction生产的经济区域economicregulation经济调节economicrent经济租金exchange交换economics经济学exchangeefficiency交换效率economy经济exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线economyofscale规模经济Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思图exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率,效益efficiencyparameter效率参数elasticity弹性elasticityofsubstitution替代弹性endogenousvariable内生变量endowment禀赋endowmentofresources资源禀赋Engelcurve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship企业家才能entrybarriers进入壁垒entry/exitdecision进出决策envolopecurve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡条件equilibriumprice均衡价格equilibriumquantity均衡产量eqity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等价变量excess—capacitytheorem过度生产能力定理excesssupply过度供给exchange交换exchangecontractcurve交换契约曲线exclusion排斥性、排他性exclusionprinciple排他性原则existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium总体均衡的存在性exogenousvariables外生变量expansionpaths扩展径expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure支出explicitcost显性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本externaleconomy外部经济externaldiseconomy外部不经济externalities外部性

F

Factor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市场factorsofproduction生产要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供给fallacyofcomposition合成谬误finalgoods最终产品firm企业firms’demandcurveforlabor企业劳动需求曲线firmsupplycurve企业供给曲线first-degreepricediscrimination第一级价格歧视first—ordercondition一阶条件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入

fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生产函数flow流量fluctuation波动forwhomtoproduce为谁生产freeentry自由进入freegoods自由品,免费品freemobilityofresources资源自由流动freerider搭便车,免费搭车function函数futurevalue未来值

G

gametheory对策论、博弈论generalequilibrium总体均衡generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen'sParadox吉芬之谜Ginicoefficient吉尼系数goldenrule黄金规则goods货物governmentfailure政府失败governmentregulation政府调控grandutilitypossibilitycurve总效用可能曲线

grandutilitypossibilityfrontier总效用可能前沿

H

heterogeneousproduct异质产品Hicks—kaldorwelfarecriterion希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性homogeneousdemandfunction齐次需求函数

homogeneousproduct同质产品homogeneousproductionfunction齐次生产函数horizontalsummation水平和household家庭howtoproduce如何生产humancapital人力资本hypothesis假说

I

identity恒等式imperfectcompetion不完全竞争implicitcost隐性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurveincomeconstraint收入约束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消费曲线incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效应incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入弹性increasingcostindustry成本递增产业increasingreturnstoscale规模报酬递增inefficiency缺乏效率indexnumber指数indifference无差异indifferencecurve无差异曲线indifferencemap无差异族indifferencerelation无差异关系indifferenceset无差异集indirectapproach间接法individualanalysis个量分析individualdemandcurve个人需求曲线individualdemandfunction个人需求函数inducedvariable引致变量

induction归纳法industry产业industryequilibrium产业均衡industrysupplycurve产业供给曲线inelastic缺乏弹性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐点information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始条件initialendowment初始禀赋innovation创新input投入input—output投入—产出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度经济学insurance保险intercept截interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中间产品internatizationofexternalities外部性内部化invention发明inversedemandfunction逆需求函数investment投资invisiblehand看不见的手isocostline等成本线,isoprofitcurve等利润曲线isoquantcurve等产量曲线isoquantmap等产量族

K

kinded—demandcurve弯折的需求曲线

Top

L

labour劳动labourdemand劳动需求laboursupply劳动供给labourtheoryofvalue劳动价值论labourunions工会laissezfaire自由放Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函数Lagrangianmultiplier拉格朗乘数,land土地law法则lawofdemandandsupply供需法lawofdiminishingmarginalutility边际效用递减法则lawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution边际替代率递减法则lawofdiminishingmarginalrateoftechnicalsubstitution边际技术替代率lawofincreasingcost成本递增法则lawofoneprice单一价格法则leader—followermodel领导者--跟随者模型least—costcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入组合leisure闲暇Leontiefproductionfunction列昂节夫生产函数licenses许可证lineardemandfunction线性

需求函数linearhomogeneity线性齐次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction线性齐次生产函数longrun长期longrunaveragecost长期平均成本

longrunequilibrium长期均衡longrunindustrysupplycurve长期产业供给曲线

longrunmarginalcost长期边际成本longruntotalcost长期总成本Lorenzcurve洛伦兹曲线lossminimization损失极小化1umpsumtax一次性征税

luxury奢侈品

M

macroeconomics宏观经济学marginal边际的marginalbenefit边际收益marginalcost边际成本marginalcostpricing边际成本定价marginalcostoffactor边际要素成本marginalperiod市场期marginalphysicalproductivity实际实物生产率

marginalproduct边际产量marginalproductofcapital资本的边际产量marginalproductof1abour劳动的边际产量marginalproductivity边际生产率marginalrateofsubstitution边替代率marginalrateoftransformation边际转换率marginalreturns边际回报marginalrevenue边际收益marginalrevenueproduct边际收益产品marginalrevolution边际革命marginalsocialbenefit社会边际收益marginalsocialcost社会边际成本marginalutility边际效用marginalvalueproducts边际价值产品market市场marketclearance市场结清,市场洗清marketdemand市场需求marketeconomy市场经济marketequilibrium市场均衡marketfailure市场失败marketmechanism市场机制marketstructure市场结构marketseparation市场分割marketregulation市场调节marketshare市场份额markuppricing加减定价法Marshalliandemandfunction马歇尔需求函数maximization极大化

microeconomics微观经济学minimumwage最低工资misallocationofresources资源误置mixedeconomy混合经济model模型money货币monopolisticcompetition垄断竞争monopolisticexploitation垄断剥削monopoly垄断,卖方垄断monopolyequilibrium垄断均衡monopolypricing垄断定价monopolyregulation垄断调控monopolyrents垄断租金monopsony买方垄断

N

Nashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturalmonopoly自然垄断Naturalresources自然资源Necessarycondition必要条件necessities必需品netdemand净需求nonconvexpreference非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥nonlinearpricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonpricecompetition非价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性non--zero—sumgame非零和对策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利润normativeeconomics规范经济学

O

objectivefunction目标函数oligopoly寡头垄断oligopolymarket寡头市场oligopolymodel寡头模型opportunitycost机会成本optimalchoice最佳选择optimalconsumptionbundle消费束perfectelasticity完全有弹性optimalresourceallocation最佳资源配置optimalscale最佳规模optimalsolution最优解optimization优化orderingofoptimization（socialpreference（社会偏好排序ordinalutility序数效用ordinarygoods一般品output产量、产出outputelasticity产出弹性outputmaximization产出极大化

P

parameter参数Paretocriterion帕累托标准Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改进Paretooptimality帕累托优化Paretoset帕累托集

partialderivative偏导数partialequilibrium局部均衡patent专利payoffmatrix收益矩阵、

支付矩阵perceiveddemandcurve感觉到的需求曲线

perfectcompetition完全竞争perfectcomplement完全互补品perfectmonopoly完全垄断perfectpricediscrimination完全价格歧视perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全无弹性perfectlyelastic完全有弹性perfectlyinelastic完全无弹性plantsize工厂规模pointelasticity点弹性po