全国考研英语真题原文及答案doc.docx

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全国考研英语真题原文及答案doc

20XX年全国考研英语真题原文及答案.doc

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SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Redthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）forechnumberedblnkndmrk

B,CorDonNSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Reserchonnimlintelligencelwysmkesmewonderjusthowsmrthumns

re.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCrlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesdy.Fruitflieswhoweretughttobesmrterthnthevergefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststht3bulbsburnlonger,thtthereisn4innotbeingtoo

terrificllybright.

Intelligence,it5out,ishigh-pricedoption.Ittkesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuel

ndisslow6thestrtinglinebecuseitdependsonlerning-grdul7-instedof

instinct.Plentyofotherspeciesrebletolern,ndoneofthethingsthey'vepprently

lernediswhento8.

Istherendptivevlueto9intelligence?

Tht'sthequestionbehindthisnewreserch.Ilikeit.Instedofcstingwistfulglnce10tllthespecieswe'veleftinthe

dustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyskswhttherel11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis

12themindofeverynimlI'veevermet.

Reserchonnimlintelligencelsomkesmewonderwhtexperimentsnimls

would13onhumnsiftheyhdthechnce.Everyctwithnowner,14,isrunning

smll-sclestudyinoperntconditioning.webelievetht15nimlsrnthelbs,they

wouldtestusto16thelimitsofourptience,ourfithfulness,ourmemoryforterrin.

Theywouldtrytodecidewhtintelligenceinhumnsisrelly17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudy19question:

rehumnsctullywreoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsreinconclusive.

1.[]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imgine

2.[]tended[B]fered[C]hppened[D]thretened

3.[]thinner[B]stbler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

4.[]tendency[B]dvntge[C]inclintion[D]priority

5.[]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforwrd

6.[]off[B]behind[C]over[D]long

7.[]incredible[B]spontneous[C]inevitble[D]grdul

8.[]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

9.[]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

10.[]upwrd[B]forwrd[C]fterwrd[D]bckwrd

11.[]fetures[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

12.[]outside[B]on[C]by[D]cross

13.[]deliver[B]crry[C]perform[D]pply

14.[]bychnce[B]incontrst[C]susul[D]forinstnce

15.[]if[B]unless[C]s[D]lest

16.[]moderte[B]overcome[C]determine[D]rech

17.[]t[B]for[C]fter[D]with

18.[]bovell[B]fterll[C]However[D]Otherwise

19.[]fundmentl[B]comprehensive[C]equivlent[D]hostile

20.[]Byccident[B]Intime[C]Sofr[D]Betterstill

SectionIIRedingComprehension

Prt

Directions:

Redthefollowingfourtexts.nswerthequestionsbelowechtextbychoosing,B,

CorD.MrkyournswersonNSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Hbitsrefunnything.Werechforthemmindlessly,settingourbrinsonuto-pilotndrelxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffmilirroutine."Notchoice,but

hbitrulestheunreflectingherd,"WillimWordsworthsidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-chnging21stcentury,eventheword"hbit"crriesnegtiveconnottion.

Soitseemsntitheticltotlkbouthbitsinthesmecontextscretivityndinnovtion.Butbrinreserchershvediscoveredthtwhenweconsciouslydevelopnew

hbits,wecreteprllelsynpticpths,ndevenentirelynewbrincells,thtcnjump

ourtrinsofthoughtontonew,innovtivetrcks.

Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhbits;oncethoserutsofprocedurereworninto

thehippocmpus,they'retheretosty.Insted,thenewhbitswedelibertelyingrinintoourselvescreteprllelpthwysthtcnbypssthoseoldrods.

"Thefirstthingneededforinnovtionisfscintionwithwonder,"sysDwnMrkov,uthorof"TheOpenMind"ndnexecutivechngeconsultntforProfessionl

ThinkingPrtners."Butweretughtinstedto'decide,'justsourpresidentclls

himself'theDecider.'"Shedds,however,tht"todecideistokilloffllpossibilitiesbut

one.goodinnovtionlthinkerislwysexploringthemnyotherpossibilities."

llofusworkthroughproblemsinwysofwhichwe'reunwre,shesys.Reserchersinthelte1960coveredththumnsrebornwiththecpcitytopprochchllengesinfourprimrywys:

nlyticlly,procedurlly,reltionlly（orcollbortively）

ndinnovtively.tpuberty,however,thebrinshutsdownhlfofthtcpcity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtththveseemedmostvlubleduringthefirst

decdeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphsisonstndrdizedtestinghighlightsnlysisndprocedure,meningthtfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovtivendcollbortivemodesofthought.

"Thisbreksthemjorruleinthemericnbeliefsystem-thtnyonecndonything,"

explinsM.J.Ryn,uthorofthe20XXbook"ThisYerIWill..."ndMs.Mrkov'sbusinessprtner."Tht'sliethtwehveperpetuted,nditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhtyou'regoodtnddoingevenmoreofitcretesexcellence."Thisiswheredevelopingnewhbitscomesin.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhbitisclimedbybeing

.csul

B.fmilir

C.mechnicl

D.chngeble.

22.Thereserchershvediscoveredthttheformtionofhbitcnbe

.predicted

B.regulted

C.trced

D.guided

23."ruts"（inlineone,prgrph3）hsclosestmeningto

.trcks

B.series

C.chrcteristics

D.connections

24.Ms.Mrkov'scommentssuggestthttheprcticeofstndrdtesting?

preventsnewhbitsformbeingformed

B,nolongeremphsizescommonness

C,mintinstheinherentmericnthinkingmodel

D,complieswiththemericnbeliefsystem

25.Rynmostprobblygreetht

.idesrebornofrelxingmind

B.innovtivenesscouldbetught

C.decisivenessderivesfromfntsticides

D.curiosityctivtescretiveminds

Text2

Itiswiseftherthtknowshisownchild,buttodymncnboosthispternl（ftherly）wisdom-ortlestconfirmththe'sthekid'sdd.llheneedstodoisshellour

$30forpternitytestingkit（PTK）thislocldrugstore-ndnother$120togettheresults.

Morethn60,000peoplehvepurchsedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomevilble

withoutprescriptionslstyers,ccordingtoDougFog,chiefopertingofficerofIdentigene,whichmkestheover-the-counterkits.Morethntwodozencompniessell

DNtestsDirectlytothepublic,rnginginpricefromfewhundreddollrstomorethn

$2500.

mongthemostpopulr:

pternityndkinshiptesting,whichdoptedchildrencn

usetofindtheirbiologiclreltivesndltestrgemnypssiontegenelogists-nd

supportsbusinessesthtoffertoserchforfmily'sgeogrphicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingslivinthemouthndsendingittothecompnyfortesting.lltestsrequirepotentilcndidtewithwhomtocompreDN.

Butsomeobserversreskepticl,"Thereiskindofflseprecisionbeinghwkedby

peopleclimingtheyredoingncestrytesting,"sysTreyDuster,NewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthtechindividulhsmnyncestors-numberinginthehundreds

justfewcenturiesbck.Yetmostncestrytestingonlyconsiderssinglelinege,either

theYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninfther'slineormitochondrilDN,which

psseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNcnrevelgeneticinformtionboutonlyone

ortwoncestors,eventhough,forexmple,justthreegenertionsbckpeoplelsohve

sixothergret-grndprentsor,fourgenertionsbck,14othergret-gret-grndprents.

Criticslsorguethtcommercilgenetictestingisonlysgoodsthereference

collectionstowhichsmpleiscompred.Dtbsesusedbysomecompniesdon'trelyondtcollectedsystemticllybutrtherlumptogetherinformtionfromdifferent

reserchprojects.ThismensthtDNdtbsemydifferdependingonthecompnythtprocessestheresults.Inddition,thecomputerprogrmscompnyuses

toestimtereltionshipsmybeptentedndnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevlution.

26.Inprgrphs1nd2,thetextshowsPTK's___________.

[]esyvilbility

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]populritywithhouseholds

27.PTKisusedto__________.

[]locteone'sbirthplce

[B]promotegeneticreserch

[C]identifyprent-childkinship

[D]choosechildrenfordoption

28.Skepticlobserversbelievethtncestrytestingfilsto__________.

[]trcedistntncestors

[B]rebuildreliblebloodlines

[C]fullyusegeneticinformtion

[D]chievetheclimedccurcy

29.Inthelstprgrph,problemcommercilgenetictestingfcesis__________.

[]disorgnizeddtcollection

[B]overlppingdtbsebuilding

30.nppropritetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.

[]ForsndginstsofDNtesting

[B]DNtestingndIt'sproblems

[C]DNtestingoutsidethelb

[D]liesbehindDNtesting

Text3

Thereltionshipbetweenformleductionndeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesis

widelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsndpoliticinslikeprogressinbothreisundoubtedlynecessryforthesocil,politiclndintellectuldevelopmentofthesend

llothersocieties;however,theconventionlviewthteductionshouldbeoneofthe

veryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrpideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Werefortuntethtisit,becuseneweductionlsystemstherendputting

enoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformncewouldrequiretwoorthreegenertions.Thefindingsofreserchinstitutionhveconsistentlyshownthtworkersinllcountriescnbetrinedonthejobtochieverdiclhigherproductivitynd,

sresult,rdicllyhigherstndrdsofliving.

Ironiclly,thefirstevidenceforthisidepperedintheUnitedSttes.Notlonggo,

withthecountryenteringrecessingndJpntitspre-b