专业英语复习题库doc.docx
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专业英语复习题库doc
个人根据机器翻译，仅供参考
专业应试题库
一，专业词汇翻译
Asphericalsystemofcoordinates球面坐标系统
Absolutescale绝对温标
Absolutetemperature绝对温度
Absolutezero绝对零度
Acuteangle锐角
Adiabaticprocess绝热过程
Adjacent临近的
Amountofheat热量
Amplitude振幅
Analyticalexpression解析式
Angularmomentum角动量
Angularvelocity角速度
Annihilate消灭
Appreciable可感知的
Approximatesolution近似解
Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的
Assumethat假设
Atconstantpressure定压比热
Atrest静止的，
Axialsymmetry轴对称
Axisofrotation旋转轴
Beindependentof独立的，
Beproportionalto与成比例
Bend使弯曲的
Capacitor电容器
Centerofmass质心
Centripetalforce向心力
Cgs匝米-克-秒（Centimeter-Gram-Second）
Changeinjumps跳跃的变化
Chaotic无序的
Chargebyconduct负责的行为
Chargebyinduction感应电荷
Circulationmotion圆周运动
Classicalmechanics经典力学
Coefficient系数
Coherent连贯的
Combustionengine内燃机
Comparison参照物
Compensate补偿，抵消
Conductor导体
Consecutive连贯的
Consequently结果，因此
Conservation保存保护
Considerable相当大的
Constant常量
Constructiveinterference干涉
Coordinatesystem坐标系
Coulomb'slaw库伦定律
Counter-phase相位差
Cross-sectional分类排列
Curl卷曲，
Curvilinearmotion曲线运动
Cyclicprocess循环过程
Decrement衰减率
Denominator分母
Density密度
Derivative倒数
Destructiveinterference破坏性干扰
Developing发展中
Deviationfrom脱离逸出
Diatomic双原子的
Difference差异
Diffraction衍射
Dimension维
Discretevalue离散值
Displacement位移
Distance距离疏远
Distributionfunction分布函数
Divergence分歧
Dynamics动力学
Elasticcollision弹性碰撞
Electricdipole弹性偶极子
Electricfield弹性场
Electricpotential弹性势
Electricpotentialenergy弹性势能
Electricallypolarized电极化的
Electrodynamics电动力学
Electromagnetic电磁的
Electron电子
Electrostatic静电的
Elementarymass聚集起来的元素
Embodiment体现具体化
Emulsion感光乳剂
Energy能量精力
Energylevel能级
Entropy炳
Equilibrium均衡
Equipartitionprinciple均分原理
Ether乙醍
Exposure暴露
Externalforce外力
Factor因素
Firstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律
Focalplane焦平面
Fraunhoferdiffraction夫琅和费衍射
Freefall自由落体
Friction摩擦力
Gammaphoton伽马射线
Generaltheoryrelativity广义相对论
Geometrical几何的
Gradient梯度
Gravity重力，地心引力
Growproportionallyto正比土曾长
Harmonicfunction调和函数
Harmonicoscillator谐波发射器
Heat局温热度
Heatcapacity热熔
Heatengine热机
Heattransfer热传递
Hence因此
Histogram直方图
Hologram全息图
Holography全系摄影
Homogeneous（反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的
Huygens1Principle惠更斯原理
Hypotheticalmedium假设介质
Idealgass理想气体
Identical同一的，完全相同的
Illuminate说明
Impart给予
Impulse脉冲
Inalienable不可分割的
Incidentlight入射光
Inclination倾向爱好
Incoherent语无伦次的
Increase增加
Increment增量
Inertia惯性
Inertialreferenceframe惯性参考系
Infraredradiation红外线照射
Initialmoment初力矩
Instantaneous瞬间的
Insulator绝缘体
Integral完整的
Interference干涉
Internalenergy内能
Internalforce内力
Intra-molecularenergy分子内能
Isotropic单折射性
Kinematics运动学
Lawofcosinelaw余弦定理
Leng由contraction长度收缩
Macroscopic宏观的
Mass块儿
Mass-energyconversion质能转换定理
Meandistance平均距离
Mechanicalequivalentofheat热功当量
Mechanics力学
Molarheatgascapacity摩尔热能
Molecularphysics分子物理学
Momentum势能
Monatomic单原子的
Monochromaticlight单色光
Motion动作
Multiply多样的
Neutron中子
Newton'sfirstlaw牛顿第一定律
Non-equilibriumstate非平衡态
Normalacceleration法向加速度
Normalto垂直于
Nuclei原子核
Nucleon核子
Numerator分子
Objectbeam物体光束
Obtuseangle钝角
Operator话务员
Overlap重叠
Polarization两极化
Parallelaxistheorem平行轴的定理
Parallelbeams平行光束
Parallelrays平行光
Parallelogrammethod平行四边形法则
Parameterofstate态变数
Perfectlyrigidbody完全刚体
Perpendicular垂直的
Phasedifference相位差
Phenomena现象
Piston活塞
Pointcharge点电荷
Pointparticle质点
Power功率
Preference优先权
Principleofrelativity相对论
Probability可能性
Probabilitydistributionfunction概率分布函数
Projection投射
Propagate传播繁殖
Proton质子
Pseudoscopic幻视镜
Quantitativeconclusion定量白勺结论
Quasi-static准静态的
Radian弧度
Radius半径
Rarefaction稀薄的
Realimage实像
Rectilinearmotion直线运动
Redistribution重新分配
Referenceframe参考系
Referencewave参考波
Relativeatomicmassofanelement―个元素的相对原子质量
Relativemolecularmassofsubstance相对分子质量的物质
Relaxationprocess弛豫过程
Relaxationtime弛豫时间
Reversible（process）可逆过程
Rotationalinertia转动惯量
Scalar标量
Scalarfield标量场
Semiconductor半导体
Semitransparent半透明的
Solidangle立体角
Spatialcoherence空间相干性
Specialtheoryofrelativity狭义相对论
Specificheatcapacity比热容
Speed速度速聿
Stationary固定的
Subscript下标
Superpose重叠的
Superposition叠力口
Symmetry对称的
Temperature温度
Temporalcoherence时间相干性
Terminalvelocity末速度
Testcharge监测电荷
Thedifferenceonopticalpath光路的区别
Theequationofstateofanidealgass理想盖斯方程
Themagnitudeofavector向量的大小
Thenumberofdegreeoffreedom自由度数量
Thereciprocalof倒数
Therefractiveindex折射率
Theright-handscrewrule右手螺旋定则
Thesecondderivativeof二阶导数
Thesquareofdistance距离的平方
Thetangentialacceleration切向加速度
Thermodynamictemperaturescale热力学温标
Threedimensional三维的
Timeaveragedvalue时间平均价值
Timedilation时间扩张
Timepiece计时器
Torque力矩
Torsionbalance扭秤
Translationmotion平移运动
Triatomic三原子的
Tuningfork音叉
Twinparadox享生子谬论
Ultravioletlight紫外线
Undeformablebody
Uniformcircularmotion匀速圆周运动
Unittime单位时间
Vectorfield矢量场
Vectors矢量
Velocity速率
Virtualimage虚像
Wavelength波长
Wavenumber波数
Weight重量
二、段落翻译翻译（5x4）
1、Forastationaryfield,theworkdoneonaparticlebytheforcesofthefieldmaydependontheinitialandfinalpositionoftheparticleandnotdependonthepathalongwhichtheparticlemoved.Forceshavingsuchapropertyarecalledconservative.
2、Acombinationofbodiesthatarestationaryrelativetooneanotherwithrespecttowhichmotionisbeingconsideredanatimepieceindicatingthetimeformsareferenceframe.
3、Theconceptsofanequilibrium,stateandareversibleprocessplayagreatpartinthermodynamics.Allthequantitativeconclusionsofthennodynamicsarestrictlyapplicable（适用）onlytoequilibriumstatesandreversibleprocesses.
4、Ifagasisinequilibrium,itsmoleculesmoveabsolutelywithoutorder,chaotically.Allthedirectionsofmotionareequallyprobable,andnoneofthemcanbegivenpreferenceoverothers.
5>Huygens'principle:
Thetheorybywhichlightwavesspreadingoutfromapointsourcecanberegardedasthesuperpositionoftinysecondarywavelets.
6>Ifweimagineaseparateisolatedbodyinaspacewherenootherbodiesarepresent,thenwecannotspeakofthemotionofthebodybecausethereisnothingwithrespecttowhichthebodycouldchangeitsposition.
7、Acombinationofbodiesthatarestationaryrelativetooneanotherwithrespecttowhichmotionisbeingconsideredandatimepieceindicatethetimeformsareferencefram.
8、Translationalmotionisdefinedasmotioninwhichanystraightlineassociatedwiththemovingbodyremainsparalleltoitself.
9nDynamicsstudiesthemotionofbodieswithaviewtowhatcausesthismotiontohavethenatureitdoes,i.e.withaviewtotheinteractionsbetweenbodies.
10,Vectorsaredefinedasquantitiescharacterizedbyanumericalvalueandadirectionand,also,asonesthatareaddedaccordingtothetriangleorparallelogrammethod.
11,Weshalldefineinternalforcesastheforceswithwhichgivenbodyisacteduponbytheotherbodiesofthesystemandexternalforcesasthoseproducedbytheactionofbodiesnotbelongtothesystem.
12,Foraconservativeforce,theworkdoneonaparticlebytheforcemaydependonlyontheinitialandfinalpositionsoftheparticleandnotonthepathalongwhichtheparticlemoved,.
13,Conservativeforcescanbedefinedintwoways:
（l）asforceswhoseworkdoesnotdependonthepathalongwhichaparticlepassesfromonepointtotheanother,and
（2）asforceswhoseworkalonganyclosedpathequalszero.
14,WecanthususethefunctionE/ftodeterminetheworkdoneonaparticlebyconservativeforcesalonganypathbeginningatarbitrarypoint1andterminatingatarbitrarypoint2.
15,Assumingthatthereferenceframerelativetowhichweareconsideringthecomplexmotionofarigidbodyisstationary,themotionofthebodycanberepresentedasrotationwiththeangularvelocitycoinareferenceframemovingtranslationallywiththevelocityv0relativetothestationaryframe.
16,Allthequantitativeconclusionsofthethermodynamicsarestrictlyapplicableonlytoequilibriumstatesandreversibleprocesses.
17,Theabsolutetemperatureisproportionaltothemeankineticenergyoftranslationalmotionofthemoleculesofasubstance.
18,TheheatcapacityofabodyisdefinedasthequantityequaltotheamountofheatthatmustbeimpartedtothebodytoraiseitstemperaturebyoneKelvin.
19,Temperature:
Ameasureoftheaveragekineticenergypermoleculeinasubstance,measureindesreesCelsiusorFahrenheitorinKelvin..
20,Absolutezero:
thelowestpossibletemperaturethatasubstancemayhave-thetemperatureatwhichmoleculesofasubstancehavetheirminimumkineticenergy.
21,Multiplicationtheoremofprobabilities:
theprobabilityofthesimultaneousoccurrenceofstatisticallyindependenteventsequalstheproductoftheprobabilitiesofeachofthemoccurringseparately.
22,Entropy:
ameasureofthedisorderofasystem.Wheneverenergyfreelytransformsfromoneformtotheanother,thedirectionoftransformationistowardastateofgreaterdisorderandthereforetowardoneofgreaterentropy.
23,Bycoherenceismeantthecoordinatedproceedingofseveraloscillatoryorwaveprocesses.
24,Thesuperpositionofwavesproducingregionsofreinforcementandregionsofcancellation.Constructiveinterferencereferstoregionsofreinforcement;destructiveinterferencereferstoregionsofcancellation.
25,Thereisnoappreciablephysicaldifferencebetweeninterferenceanddiffraction.Bothphenomenaconsistintheredistributionofthelightfluxasaresultofsuperpositionofthewaves.干涉和衍射没有明显的区别
26,Likechargesrepeleachother,unlikechargesattracteachother.
同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引
27,Thearrangementof
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