多维教程研究生英语.docx
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多维教程研究生英语
Book
Unit1TravelLanguage
Text
1TheAcademieFrancasiehasfordecadesbeenthewatchdogovertheFrenchlanguage.Afewyearsago,FrenchsensitivitytotheinfluxofEnglishwordsbecamesogreatthatlawforthepurificationofFrenchwasadopted.Thelawcoverseventechnicalapplications.Forexample,intheory,itisnowcompusloryinFrancetorefertotheBoeing747asagros-porteur,leasingascredit-bail,etc.thelistisverylonganddetailedandappliestoallfacetsoflife.Mr.Chirac,theFrenchPresident,mightwellexpandonthislistandcomeupwithsomenewFrenchtermsforwordssuchas“internet”or“bytestream”justtonameacouple.Themindbogglesatwhattheworldmightface.
2Unfortunately（orperhapsnot）,theEnglishlanguageisnotsoprotected.Quiteapartfromtheunforgivabledeviationsfromtheking’sEnglishprevlentinAmerica,where“honour”iscommonlywrittenas“honor”and“night”as“nite,”manywell-testedhasalsobeengivenewmeanings,makingcommunicationsomewhatdifficult.Forexample,thebootofacarhasbecometobecalledatrunk–awordreservedinEnglandforthemainpartofatree.Thebonnetisahood,goodoldnappiesarediapers,andababy’smatineejacketisavest.It’sobviousthatthetwocountriesareindeedseparatedbywhatoncewasacommonlanguage!
FromanAmericanpointofview,ofcourse,itcouldbearguedthattheBritishspeakEnglishwithaspeechdeficiency.
3EvenworseEnglish,however,isinuse.Anyonewhotravelsinforeigncountriesandobservesitonmenusandposters,inhotels,andindeedineverydaylifecantestifythatwhatusedtobetheking’slingohasbecomeintheseplacesbutapoorrelationthereof.Allowmetoelaborate.
4ThetravelwriterPerrotPhillipshastakenpainstohighlightsomeofhisexperiences,whichIfeelshouldnotbewithheldfromawiderreadership.HereferstoaDutchbulbcataloguewhichpromisedcustomers“aspeedyexecution”andtoanEastBerlincloakroomsignthatrequestedgueststo“pleasehungyourselfhere.”Onehopesthatnobodytooktheadviceliterally.
5TotheseIcanaddsomeofmyownexperiences,encounteredinlongyearsoftravelingtheworld.Therewas,forexample,theobservationinanOstendnoveltyshopthat“revoltingnewideas”werebeingmarketed,andtheboastofsomeBombaybakersthat“weareNo.1loafers,bestvaluesinwholetown.”
6IrealizedhowfarChristinanityhadcomewhenIreadinHongKongthefollowingcallbyadentist:
TheteeththeyareextractedherebythelatestMethodists.
7IfearitcannotbeansweredwithcertaintywhethertheseactuallyillustrateaprogressiveuseofEnglishoraresimplyreflectionsoflocalusages.Ifeelquitestrongly,however,thattheHaifaMedicalAssociationshouldhavepreventedoneofitsmembersfromclaimingonhisbrassplatethatheisa“SpecialistinWomenandOtherDiseases.”
8Hotelsseemtorevelintheirmultilingualsigns.Onesupposesthesesignsweredesignedtofacilitatetheuseofmodernservicesinotherwisesterileandbarelyfunctionalestablishments.Nevertheless,theunsuspectingguestsconfrontedinaBrusselshotelwiththefollowinginstructionfortheuseofthelife（elevator）mightwellprefertowalk:
“Tomovethelife,pushbuttontowishingfloor.Ifthecabinshouldentermorepersons,eachoneshouldpushnumberofwishingfloor.Drivingisthengoingalphabeticallybynaturalorder.Buttonretainingpressedpositionshowsreceivedcommandforvisitingstation.”ThelesssophisticatednoticeinIstanbul（“Tocallroomservice,pleasetoopendoorandcallROOMSERVICE”）atleastdoesnotconfronttheguestwithelectronicsthatmightnotalwayswork.
9InTurkey,thedelightin“straighttalk”expressesitselfintheby-now-famousAnkarabrochurewhichadvises,“VisitourrestaurantwhereyoucaneatMiddleEastfoodsinanEuropeanAmbulance.”AnoteonaSwissmenuthat“Ourwinesleavenothingtohopefor”wasequallyinviting.
10EasternEuropeancourtesieshaveneverlefttheoncegrandhotelsoftheformerAustro-Hungarianempire.Anoticeinthehotelroomsthat“thehonouredguestsareinvitedtotakeadvantageofthechambermaidsfrom12-14o’clock”might,however,resultinsomeunplannedtrafficjams.ArecentMoscowexhibition’sannouncementdrewattentionto“ashowingof300paintingsbyRussianartists,mostofwhomwereexecutedinthelasttenyears”–hardlyawelcomingthoughttotheoccasionalvisitor.
11ABangkoklaundry’sadvertisementtothevisitingpublic（“Leavingyourclotheshereandenjoyyourself”）couldalsobeseenasainvitationtoextracurricularactivitiesinthatFarEasterncapitaloffun.
12InRome,alaundryadvertisedasimilarinvitation:
Ladies,leaveyourclotheshereandspendtheafternoonhavingagoodtime.
13ItshouldnotsurprisethetravellerthatnightspotsadvertisetheirwaresinEuropeinmanyanddiverselanguage.TheGermanpreoccupationwithMajorcaledaMunichnightclubtocopyatrilingualPalmaannouncementthatdancingwasgoingoninwhatisindeedasurprisingway.Thenoticeread,“Baile!
Baile!
Baile!
”inSpanish,“Tanz!
Tanz!
Tanz!
”inGerman,and“Balls!
Balls!
Balls!
”inwhatwasmeanttobeEnglish.WearesparedtheupperBavarianversionoftheactivity.
14TheBlackForestGermans,ontheotherhand,areknowntoberatherprudishintheiroutlook,butisitreallynecessarytopostasign:
“ItisstrictlyforbiddenonourBlackForestcampingsitethatpeopleofdifferentsexes,forexamplemenandwomen,livetogetherinonetentunlesstheyaremarriedwitheachotherforthatpurpose.”
15Iamtoldthatfortheotherwiseunsuspectingtourist,thefollowingsignprovedarealcrowdpuller.ParrotPhillipsclaimsittobetruethatinanAustrianhotelroomhefoundthesign:
“Ifservicerequired,givetwostrokestothemaidandthreetothevalet.”
16ThereareundoubtedlymoreandvariedversionsoftheuseofEnglish,unprotectedasourlanguageisfromtheinterferenceofemergingandambitiousentrepreneurs.Nevertheless,IpreferseeingEnglishdevelopasthelinguafrancaaroundtheworldratherthanbeingsuffocatedforthesakeofso-calledpuritybysomeill-advisedlegislativeprocess.
Exercises
B部分
1Somepeopleareverysensitiveaboutwhatothersmightthinkofthem.
2BetweenChristmasandNewYear’sday,manystoreshavealonglistofgoodsonsale.ThisisknownasNewYear’ssale.
3Statisticsrevealthattravelingduringone’svocationisbecomingprevalentasmoneyandsparetimeincrease.
4Adeficiencyineducationalresourcesputsatrisktheintellectualdevelopmentofourchildren.
5Theapplicant’sdocumentsrequiredforimmigrationwerewithheldbythelocalpolicestationbecauseofhiscriminalrecord.
6Duringtheinterview,MarytoldtheinterviewerthatshewouldliketodosomethinginterestingbutTomsaidwithcertaintythathewouldchoosethejobwhichpayswell.
7ItisimportantthattheelevatorsbefunctionalbeforetheSpringFestival.
8Inspiteofagoodharvest,farmerswereconfrontedwithmanydifficultiesinsellingtheirgrain,whichtheyalonecouldnotovercome.
9Foreignlanguagelearnersshouldknowthatthewayofexpressingcourtesywillbequitedifferentfromcountrytocountry.
10Youwillbesparedthefineifyoutelluswhoelsewasinvolved.
11Oneevening,Iwasrunningafterarobberinthenearbywoods.Suddenly,Iwashitbyastrokeofaheavythingfrombehindandlostmyconsciousness.
12Asurveyshowsthatambitiouscompanieswillprovidethecustomerwithhigh-qualitygoodsaswellasfirst-classservices.
13Somescientistsanddoctorsclaimthatpurifiedwater,whichispopularinthemarket,maybeharmfultochildren.
14ThisbookisworthbuyingforithighlightsallthefamousAmericanwritersandtheirworks.
Itisaverydemandingjobtobeasoap-operawriterbecausethenoveltyofasoap-operawearsoffquickly.
C部分
1.Peoplewhoaresensitiveincharactermyhavedifficultyinmakingfriends.
2.Heislovedbyhisstudents,forheisnotonlyalearnedpersonbutalsohasasenseofhumor.
3.Manydiscoveriesresultedfromthesensitivityofscientiststoseeminglycommonthings.
4.TheChinesegovernmenthasissuedalawthatnineyearsofeducationiscompulsoryforeverychild.
5.Manyteenagershavenoweekendsnowadays.Theyundertakeextratrainingorremedialclassesunderthecompulsionoftheirparents.
6.Thosewhoplantostudyabroadhavetotakeacompulsoryexaminationoflanguageproficiency.
7.Manynewandtallbuildingshavebigpostersontheirfrontwindowssaying“ForleaseorSale”buttherealestateprospectsarestillquitebleak.
8.InordertomakesomemoneyMr.Wilsonmovedhisfamilytothefirstfloorandstartedtoleasethegroundfloor.
9.Sometimes,leasinganapartmentcanbecheapandeasyforapersonwhowantstosettledowninanewplace.
10.Becausehewasdrivinghiscarataspeedofover180milesanhour,atinyrockwasenoughtodeviatehiscarofftheroad.
11.Longtimetensionandpressuremaycausepeopletobehavedeviantly.
12.Theinvestigationshowsthattheaircrashwascausedbyadeviationfromnormalairportprocedure.
13.Theprevalenceofcomplaintsaboutthebadweatherallovertheworldmaymakepeopleawarehowseriousairpollutionis.
14.Itisveryinterestingthatsomestylesofclothesthatwereprevalentinthelastcenturyhaveagainbecomeafashionnow.
15.NowadaysthetraditionofthreegenerationsofafamilylivingunderthesameroofisnolongerprevalentinmanycitiesofChina.
16.AllthechildreninkindergartenarerequiredtodrinkatleastoneglassofmilkadaybecausericketscanresultfromadietdeficientinvitaminD.
17.Thedemeritsofthepresent
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