语法新题型和词汇.docx

语法新题型和词汇.docx

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语法新题型和词汇

Introduction

○常用前缀

意义

前缀

例词

否定

dis-

dishonest,dislike,distrust

in-,il-,im-,ir-

incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregular

un-

unable,unbelievable,unemployment

错误

mis-

mislead,misunderstanding

反动作

dis-

disarm,disconnect,dissatisfy

un-

unload,uncover,undeniable

相互

inter-

international,interaction,interrelated,interdependent

超过

super-

supernatural,superpower,surpass

over-

overeat,overdress,overreact,oversleep,overestimate

out-

outdo,outweigh

低于

under-

Underestimate,undervalue,underdeveloped

再一次

re-

Refresh,reshape,renew

共同

co-

coexist,cooperate

转移

trans-

translate,transportation,transfer,transform

使

en-

enable,enrich,enslave,encourage,enlighten,endanger

多

multi-

multimedia,multifunction,multinational

○常用后缀

意义

后缀

例词

承受者

-ee

examinee,employee,interviewee,trainee,refugee

从事者

-er

employer,trainer,interpreter

使…化

-ize

centralize,globalize,modernize,civilize

…主义

-ism

heroism,workholism,idealism,socialism,optimism

状态

-ship

hardship,friendship,leadership

像…一样

-ish

childish,selfish,foolish

-like

childlike,homelike

充满…的

-ful

joyful,painful,helpful

无，没有

-less

endless,homeless,hopeless,careless,useless

能…的

-able,-ible

durable,fashionable,accessible,available,flexible

使

-en

shorten,widen,strengthen

-fy

classify,purify,simplify,qualify

Presentation

（1）-

（A）

Eventodaythereareagreatmanywrongideasaboutfood.Someofthemareverywidespread.

    Onesuchideaisthatfishisthebestbrainfood.Fishisgoodbrainfood（25）________itisgoodmusclefoodandskinfoodandbonefood.Butnoonehasbeenabletoprovethatfishisany（26）______（good）forthebrainthanmanyotherkindsoffood.

    Anothersuchideaisthatyou（27）______notdrinkwaterwithmeals.Washingfooddownwithwaterasasubstitute（28）_______chewingisnotagoodidea,butsomewaterwithmealshasbeenfoundtobehelpful.Itmakesthedigestivejuicesflowmorefreelyandhelpstodigestthefood.

    Manyoftheideaswhichscientiststellus（29）______（have）nofoundationhavetodowithmixturesoffoods.Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneralthatorangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.Thereasongivenwas（30）_______theacidintheorangejuicewouldmakethemilkcurdle（凝结）andbecomeindigestible.Asamatteroffact,milkalwaysmeetsinthestomachadigestivejuicewhichcurdles（31）______;thecurdlingofthemilkisthefirststepinitsdigestion.Asimilarwrongideaisthatfishandicecreamwhen（32）______（eat）atthesamemealformapoisonouscombination.

（B）

It’soneofourcommonbeliefsthatmiceareafraidofcats.Scientistshavelongknownthat（33）________amousehasneverseenacatbefore,itisstillabletodetectchemicalsignalsreleasedfromitandrunawayinfear.Thishasalwaysbeenthoughttobesomethingthatishard-wiredintoamouse’sbrain.ButrecentlyWendyIngram,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,（34）_______（challenge）thiscommonsense.Shehasfoundawayto“cure”miceoftheirinbornfearofcatsbyinfectingthemwithaparasite,reportedthesciencejournalNature.

Theparasite,calledToxoplasmagondii,mightsoundunfamiliartoyou,butthe（35）_______（shock）factisthatuptoone-thirdofpeoplearoundtheworldareinfectedbyit.Thisparasitecancausedifferentdiseasesamonghumans,（36）_______pregnantwomen–itislinkedtoblindnessandthedeathofunbornbabies.

However,theparasite’seffectsonmiceareunique.Ingramandherteammeasuredhowmicereactedtoacat’surine（尿）beforeand（37）______itwasinfectedbytheparasite.Theynotedthatnormalmicestayedfarawayfromtheurine（38）_______micethatwereinfectedwiththeparasitewalkedfreelyaroundthetestarea.

Butthat’snotall.Theparasitewasfoundtobemorepowerfulthanoriginally（39）_______（think）–evenafterresearcherscuredthemiceoftheinfection,theynolongerreactedwithfeartoacat’ssmell,whichcouldindicatethattheinfectionhascausedapermanentchangeinmice’sbrains.

Whydoesaparasitechangeamouse’sbraininsteadofmakingitsicklikeitdoestohumans?

Theanswerliesinevolution.Toxoplasmagondiicanonlyreproduceinsideacat.Sotheparasitehadtodevelopawayoftrickingthemiceintogettingeatenmoreeasily–thus（40）_______（help）itselfgoinsideacat–bytakingawaymice’ssenseofalarm.

FocusedPractice

SectionA

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks, useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

（A）

Manykindsofmusiccanstirtheimaginationandproducestrongfeeling.Forsomepeople,romanticcomposerssuchasChopinandTchaikovskyenhancefeelingsofloveandsympathy.Religiousandspiritualmusic25helpsomepeoplefeelpeaceorlessentheirpain.Butonemusicianseemstohaveauniqueabilityofhealing（治愈）thehumanbody–WolfgangAmadeusMozart.ScientistshavefoundMozart’smusictoberemarkableinitsability26（calm）itslisteners.Itcanalsoincreasetheirperceptions,andhelpthemexpressthemselvesmoreclearly.

ManyamazingcaseshavebeendocumentedusingMozart27ahealingaid.Forexample,atinyprematurebaby28（name）Krissy,whoweighedjust1.5poundsatbirth,wasontotallifesupport.Doctorsthoughtshehadlittlechanceofsurvival.HermotherinsistedonplayingMozartforKrissy,andthought29savedherdaughter’slife.Krissylived,30shewasverysmallforherageandslowerthantheaveragechild.Attheageoffour,sheshowedan

interestinmusicandherparentsgaveherviolinlessons.31theirastonishment,Krissywasabletoplaymusicalpiecesfrommemorythatwerefarbeyondtheabilityofanaveragefour-year-old.32（play）musichelpedherimproveinallareasofherlife.

（B）

Touchisthefirsttoolweturntowhenwefacepain.Wereactsimilarlyto

33injuredtoeandabrokenheart,tenderly34（grasp）theaffectedarea.Weareallbornwiththepowertohealourselvesandtohealothersbecausehealingenergydoesnotcomefromwithinbutfromoutsideourselves.Theenergyisthereforanyonetouse,andnoformaltraining35（require）.Whenyouhavetheintenttoheal,andloveisyouronlymotive,youbecomeachannelforhealingenergy.Throughthesimpletouchofhands,youcanusethatuniversalhealingenergytocomfortthosewho36（experience）painordistress.

   Inperforminghealingenergywork,itisnecessarythatyouletyourintuition（直觉）guideyoutotheaffectedarea.Justimagineahealinglightbeingdrawninthroughthetopofyourheadandflowingthroughyourhands.Theenergywillbegintoflowonceyouhavemadeaphysicalconnection,andyourtouchwillhelpawakenthebody’scapacityforself-healing.Theaffectedareasofthebody,37werepreviouslytenseortight,willrelaxwithenoughhealingenergy.38（try）nottofeellikeyouaren’thelpingifyoudon’tfeeltheflow.Theworkyouaredoingisindeedhelping.

Understanding39energyworksislessimportantthanconsciouslymakinguseofit.Performingalovinghealingtreatmentonyourlovedonescanbeawonderfulexperiencethatbringsyouclosertogether.Andasthehealingenergypassesthroughyou,itcanawakenafeelingwithinyouthathelpsyou40（well）understandtheinteractionsbetweenthespiritual,physicalandmentalselves.

Presentation

（2）

○四十个常用合成词

合成词

词性

释义

例句

bulid-up

n.

聚集

Thebuild-upcarbondioxideeventuallyleadstotheglobalwarming.

cost-saving

adj.

节约成本的

DoingbusinessonlineisundoubtedlyefficientandCost-saving.

cure-all

n.

万能的药

Somepeopleregardeducationasthecure-allforallthesocialproblem.

double-edged

adj.

双刃的

Fireisadouble-edgedsword,bringingnotonlytohumanwarmth,butalsodisaster.

duty-bound

adj.

责无旁贷的

Thegovernmentisduty-boundtoensurepeaceandsecurityforthepeople.

easy-going

adj.

随和的

Sweet-temperedandeasy-goinggirlsarewelcomeeverywhere.

eco-friendly

adj.

环保的

Creatinganeco-friendlysocietyisamatterofgreaturgency.

ever-changing

adj.

常变的

Itisthequalityoftheirservicethathasenabledthecompanytostandsteadilyintheever-changingInformationAge.

ever-lasting

adj.

永恒的

Whatisknowledge?

Thisisanancientandever-lastingtopic.

far-reaching

adj.

深远的

Theinventionofelectroniccomputershasafar-changingeffectonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

far-seeing

adj.

有远见的

Thefar-seeingpolicywillbringendlessbenefittofuturegenerations.

fast-paced

adj.

快节奏的

Inthefast-pacedworldoftoday,itcanbedifficulttomakenewfriends.

first-class

adj.

一流的

Tobeafirst-classscientist,oneshouldneverlosehopeinsetbacks.

good-for-nothing

n.

无用的人

Theirlittlesonbecameagood-for-nothingduetotheiroverprotection.

hard-won

adj.

来之不易的

Peopleinthatregioncherishthehard-wonindependence.

history-making

adj.

创造历史的

Thatwasahistory-makingdiscoveryinmedicalhistory.

ill-mannered

adj.

无礼的

TheEnglishmanthinksitisill-manneredtoaskpersonalquestions.

labor-saving

adj.

节省体力的

Notallinventionsarelabor-savingmachineslikethecomputers.

noble-minded

adj.

品格高尚的

Yournoble—mindedspiritisshownbyyourblooddonation.

on-going

adj.

正在进行的

Theon-goingsocialchangehasmuchtodowiththedevelopmentofscience.

poverty-striken

adj.

贫穷的

Manypeoplecomplainthatthehightuitionfeeactuallykeepspoverty-strickenstudentsawayfromthecollegedream.

problem-solving

adj.

解决问题的

Veryfewofu