英语四级历年真题参考.docx

英语四级历年真题参考.docx

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英语四级历年真题参考

英语四级历年真题参考

大学英语四级考试，英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。

仅供参考。

2019年12月英语四级阅读真题

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,andEurope'sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound,andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming"status"users,ownersarethrowingmanymicrowaveafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowavewhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.

AstudybytheUniversityofManchesterworkedouttheemissionsofcarbondioxide--themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange--ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal."Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,"saytheauthors,whoalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviourtouseappliancesmoreefficiently.Forexample,electricityconsumptionbymicrowavescanbereducedbyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood."

However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagementarguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenery,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKaloneandtheseemitwaymorethanalltheemissionsfrommicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69mtonnesofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensinthewholeoftheEU."further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.

51.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?

A）Quick-cookingmicrowaveovenshavebecomemorepopular.

B）Thefrequentuseofmicrowavesmaydoharmtoourhealth.

C）CO2emissionsconstituteamajorthreattotheenvironment.

D）TheuseofmicrowavesemitsmoreCO2thanpeoplethink.

52.Whyarethesalesofmicrowavesexpectedtorise?

A）Theyarebecomingmoreafrdabla.

B）Theyhaveashorterlifecyclethanotherappliances.

C）Theyaregttingmucheasiertooperate.

D）Theytakelesstinetocookthanotherppliaces.

53.WhatrecommendationdoesthestudybytheUniversityofManchestermake?

A）Cookingfoodofdfferentvarieties.

B）Improvingmicrowaveusers'habits.

C）Eatinglesstocutenergyconsumption.

D）Usingmicrowaveovenslessfrequently.

54.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaytrytoargue?

A）Therearefarmoreemissionsfromcarsthanfrommicrowaves.

B）Peopleshouldbepersuadedintousingpassengercarslessoften.

C）TheUKproduceslessCO2thanmanyothercountriesintheEU.

D）Moredataareneededtoshowwhethermicrowavesareharmful.

55.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaythinkoftheuseofmicrowaves?

A）Itwillbecomelesspopularinthecomingdecades.

B）Itmakeseverydaycookingmuchmoreconvenient.

C）Itplaysapositiveroleinenvronmentalprotection.

D）Itconsumesmorepowerthanconventionalcooking.

Passageone

46.B

47.C

48.D

49.B

50.A

Passagetwo

51.D

52.A

53.B

54.A

55.C

2019年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey'restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.

Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates?

Accordingtothepublic,atleast,it'snotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.

It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen'sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen'tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.

Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate（选民）andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.

Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics:

73%expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.

46.WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?

A）Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.

B）Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.

C）Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.

D）Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.

47.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?

A）Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.

B）Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.

C）Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.

D）Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.

48.Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey?

A）Personalitytraits.

B）Genderbias.

C）Familyresponsibilities.

D）Lackofvacancies.

49.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?

A）Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.

B）Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.

C）Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.

D）Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.

50.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica'spoliticalstage?

A）Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.

B）Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.

C）Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.

D）Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplayselesskeyrole,"headded.

Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.

Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications."Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

51.Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelasthundredyears?

A）Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

B）Therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinmostcountries.

C）Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

D）Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

52.WhatdoesJamesBenthamsayaboutgeneticsintheincreaseofpeople'sheight?

A）Itcountslessthangenerallythought.

B）Itoutweighsnutritionandhealthcare.

C）Itimpactsmoreonanindividualthanonapopulation.

D）Itplaysamoresignificant