化工工程项目 制药 生物工程.docx

化工工程项目 制药 生物工程.docx

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化工工程项目制药生物工程

Microflowphoto-radicalreactionusingacompactlightsource:

applicationtotheBartonreactionleadingtoakeyintermediateformyricericacidA?

?

Tetrahedron

Graphicalabstract

OptimizationofphotocatalytictreatmentofdyesolutiononsupportedTiO2nanoparticlesbycentralcompositedesign:

Intermediatesidentification?

HazardousMaterials

OptimizationofphotocatalyticdegradationofC.I.BasicBlue3（BB3）underUVlightirradiationusingTiO2nanoparticlesinarectangularphotoreactorwasstudied.TheinvestigatedTiO2wasMillenniumPC-500（crystallitesmeansize5¨C10?

nm）immobilizedonnon-wovenpaper.CentralcompositedesignwasusedforoptimizationofUV/TiO2process.Predictedvaluesofdecolorizationefficiencywerefoundtobeingoodagreementwithexperimentalvalues（R2?

=?

0.9686andAdj-R2?

=?

0.9411）.Optimizationresultsshowedthatmaximumdecolorizationefficiencywasachievedattheoptimumconditions:

initialdyeconcentration10?

mg/L,UVlightintensity47.2?

W/m2,flowrate100?

mL/minandreactiontime120?

min.PhotocatalyticmineralizationofBB3wasmonitoredbytotalorganiccarbon（TOC）decrease,andchangesinUV¨CvisandFT-IRspectra.ThephotodegradationcompoundswereanalyzedbyUV¨Cvis,FT-IRandGC¨Cmasstechniques.ThedegradationpathwayofBB3wasproposedbasedontheidentifiedcompounds.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Experimental

2.1.Materials

2.2.Photocatalysisexperiments

2.3.Analyticalprocedures

2.4.Experimentaldesign

3.Resultsanddiscussion

3.1.CCDmodelandresidualsanalysis

3.2.Effectofvariablesasresponsesurfaceandcounterplots

3.3.DeterminationofoptimalconditionsfordecolorizationofBB3

3.4.PhotocatalyticmineralizationofBB3andanalysisofdegradationcompounds

4.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Treatmentofphenolicwastewaterinananaerobicfixedbedreactor（AFBR）¡ªRecoveryaftershockloading?

?

Ananaerobicfixedbedreactor（AFBR）wasrunfor550dayswithamixedmicrobialfloratostabilizesyntheticwastewaterthatcontainedglucoseandphenolasmaincarbonsources.Theinfluentphenolconcentrationwasgraduallyincreasedfrom2to40?

mmol/lwithin221days.Themicrobialflorawasabletoadapttothishighphenolconcentrationwithanaverageof94%phenolremoval.Microbialadaptationatsuchahighphenolconcentrationisnotreportedelsewhere.Themaximumphenolremovalobservedbeforethephenolshockloadwas39.47?

mmol/lor3.7?

g?

phenol/latahydraulicretentiontime（HRT）of2.5daysandanorganicloadingrate（OLR）of5.3?

g/l.dwhichamountstoaphenolremovalrateofca.15.8?

mmolphenol/l.d.Thechemicaloxygendemand（COD）removalbeforeexposingthereactortoashockloadcorrespondedwithphenolremoval.Ashockloadwasinducedinthereactorbyincreasingthephenolconcentrationfrom40to50?

mmol/lintheinfluent.Themaximumphenolremovalrateobservedaftershockloadwas18?

mmol/l.dat5.7?

gCOD/l.d.ButthiswasnotastablerateandaconsistentdropinCODandphenolremovalwasobservedfor1week,followedbyasharpdeclineandproductionoffattyacids.Recoveryofthereactorwaspossibleonlywhennofeedwasprovidedtothereactorfor1monthandthephenolconcentrationwasincreasedgradually.Whenglucosewasomittedfromtheinfluent,unknownintermediatesofanaerobicphenolmetabolismwereobservedforsometime.

ArticleOutline

Nomenclature

1.Introduction

2.Materialandmethods

2.1.Reactordesignandinoculum

2.2.Analyticalmethods

3.Results

3.1.Microbialacclimatizationtohighphenolconcentrationinthereactor

3.2.Phenolshockloadingandrecoverypossibilities

3.3.ReactorperformanceintermsofCODremovalbeforeandafterphenolshockloading

3.4.Fattyacidandbiogasproduction

4.Discussion

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Synthesisandhydrogenationof（E）-¦Ã-aryl-¦Ã-morpholino-¦Á-trifluoromethylatedallylalcoholsthroughthereactionoftrifluoroacetaldehydeethylhemiacetalwithenamines?

Treatmentoftrifluoroacetaldehydeethylhemiacetalwithenamines,derivedfromacetophenonederivatives,atroomtemperaturegave（E）-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-morpholino-4-aryl-but-3-en-2-ols,whichareintermediatesforpreparationofthe¦Â-trifluoromethylatedaldolproducts,4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-1-aryl-butan-1-ones.Thestructureoftheintermediate（E）-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-morpholino-4-（4-nitrophenyl）-but-3-en-2-olscouldbeassignedby1H,13CNMR,IR,andX-raycrystallography.Furthermore,hydrogenationandreductivedeaminationoftheintermediate（E）-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-morpholino-4-aryl-but-3-en-2-olswithhydrogeninthepresenceofacatalyticamount（10?

mol?

%）ofpalladiumoncarbonintrifluoroethanolproceededsmoothlyatroomtemperaturetogive1,1,1-trifluoro-4-aryl-2-butanolsingoodtoexcellentyields.

Graphicalabstract

1.Introduction

2.Resultsanddiscussion

2.1.AssignmentofthestructureandreactivityoftheintermediateproductbyreactingCF3CHOethylhemiacetal1awithenamine2derivedfromacetophenones

2.2.Synthesisandhydrogenationof（E）-¦Ã-aryl-¦Ã-morpholino-¦Á-trifluoromethylatedallylalcoholsthroughthereactionofCF3CHOethylhemiacetalandenaminetogive4-aryl-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-butanols（5）

3.Conclusion

4.Experimentalsection

4.1.General

4.2.Preparationof（E）-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-morpholino-4-（4-nitrophenyl）but-3-en-2-ol（9j）

4.2.1.（E）-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-morpholino-4-（4-nitrophenyl）but-3-en-2-ol（3ac）

4.3.Atypicalprocedure

4.3.1.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-phenylbutan-2-ol（5aa）17

4.3.2.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-morpholino-4-phenylbutan-2-ol（6aa）

4.3.3.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-p-tolylbutan-2-ol（5ad）

4.3.4.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-（4-methoxyphenyl）butan-2-ol（5ae）

4.3.5.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-（4-（trifluoromethyl）phenyl）butan-2-ol（5ag）

4.3.6.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-m-tolylbutan-2-ol（5ah）

4.3.7.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-o-tolylbutan-2-ol（5ai）

4.3.8.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-（naphthalen-1-yl）butan-2-ol（5aj）

4.3.9.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-（4-fluorophenyl）butan-2-ol（5ak）

4.3.10.1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-（4-fluorophenyl）-4-morpholinobutan-2-ol（6ak）

4.3.11.1,1-Difluoro-4-（naphthalen-1-yl）butan-2-ol（5bj）

4.3.12.1-（4,4-Difluorobutyl）naphthalene（7）

4.3.13.1-Butylnaphthalene（8）18

4.3.14.2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-（2-morpholinocyclohexyl）ethanol（6al）

Acknowledgements

Supplementarydata

ProgressinunderstandinganddevelopmentofBa0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3?

¦Ä-basedcathodesforintermediate-temperaturesolid-oxidefuelcells:

Areview?

PowerSources

¹ÌÌåÑõ»¯ÎïȼÁϵç³Ø¿ª·¢»Ø¹ËÖÆÔ칤ÒÕ¹ý³ÌÖмäÌåÓëζȿØÖƼ¼Êõ²¬îÜÌúïÈ»¯ºÏÎï

Solid-oxidefuelcells（SOFCs）convertchemicalenergydirectlyintoelectricpowerinahighlyefficientway.LoweringtheoperatingtemperatureofSOFCstoaround500¨C800?

¡ãCisoneofthemaingoalsincurrentSOFCresearch.Theassociatedbenefitsincludereducingthedifficultiesassociatedwithsealingandthermaldegradation,allowingtheuseoflow-costmetallicinterconnectorsandsuppressingreactionsbetweenthecellcomponents.However,theelectrochemicalactivityofthecathodedeterioratesdramaticallywithdecreasingtemperatureforthetypicalLa0.8Sr0.2MnO3-basedelectrodes.Thecathodebecomesthelimitingfactorindeterminingtheoverallcellperformance.Therefore,thedevelopmentofnewelectrodeswithhighelectrocatalyticactivityforoxygenreductionbecomesacriticalissueforintermediate-temperature（IT）-SOFCs.Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3?

¦Ä（BSCF）perovskiteoxidewasfirstreportedasapotentialIT-SOFCcathodematerialin2004byShaoandHaile.Afterthat,theBSCFcathodehasattractedconsiderableattention.ThispaperreviewsthecurrentresearchactivitiesonBSCF-basedcathodesforIT-SOFCs.EmphasiswillbeplacedontheunderstandingandoptimizationofBSCF-basedmaterials.TheissuesraisedbytheBSCFcathodearealsopresentedandanalyzedtoprovidesomeguidelinesinthesearchforthenewgenerationofcathodematerialsforIT-SOFCs.

ArticleOutline

1.Ageneralintroduction

2.Perovskiteoxides

3.OriginationofBSCF

4.ApplicationsofBSCFasthecathodeofIT-SOFCs

4.1.BSCFcathodesonvariouselectrolytes

4.2.SynthesisofBSCFpowder

4.3.Morphologyofthecathode

4.4.Intheapplicationofsingle-chamberSOFCs

5.FundamentalunderstandingofBSCF

5.1.Massandchargetransportinmixedconductingoxides

5.2.Electrochemicalprocessesatsolid-oxidefuelcell（SOFC）cathodes

5.3.OxygensurfaceexchangeandbulkdiffusioninBSCF

5.4.Rate-determiningstepinORRonBSCFcathodeoperatedbelow600?

¡ãC

6.OptimizationoftheBSCFcathode

6.1.EnhancementofORRontheBSCF

6.1.1.BSCF-electrolytecompositecathode

6.1.2.Surfacemodification

6.2.Thermalexpansionbehavior

6.3.A-orB-sitedopingofBSCF

7.NewissuesraisedbyBSCF

8.Summaryandoutlook

Acknowledgements

Highlyefficientandsafeprocedureforthesynthesisofaryl1,2,3-triazolesfromaromaticamineinacontinuousflowreactor?

?

TetrahedronLetters

Graphicalabstract

TheLetterreportsasafeandreliablesynthesisofaryl1,2,3-triazolesfromthecorrespondinganilinesviaintermediatearylazides,usingacontinuousprocess.Themethodwasappliedtoavarietyofsubstrateswithgoodtoexcellentyields,withouttheneedtoisolatethereactiveandpossiblyunstableintermediateswhichwereconstantlykeptatlowconcentrationinthematrixenvironment.

΢·´Ó¦Æ÷£¬Á¬ÐøÁ÷¶¯Ç⻯·´Ó¦£¬Ç⻯¹Ì¶¨´²µÄÓ¦Ó÷½°¸

Determinationoffastozoneoxidationratefortextiledyesbyusingacontinuousquench-flowsystem?

HazardousMaterials

Tostudythefastkineticdecolourisationoftextiledyesbyozoneacontinuousquench-flowsystemwasused.Thissystemhasnotbeenusedbeforeforthesepurposes.Reactiontimesintherangeof7¨C3000?

mswereexplored.Thereactionwasquenchedwithpotassiumiodide,whichproved