英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则.docx

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英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则.docx

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英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则.docx

英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则

一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。

如：

①stop－stops[s];make－makes[s]

②read－reads[z];play－plays[z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz]如：

fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]

study－studies[z];worry－worries

3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz]如：

teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]

4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z]如：

go－goes[z]do－does[z]

5、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”

一起读做[iz]。

如：

close－closes[iz]

二、名词复数的规则变化

___________________________________________________

　情况　　构成方法　　读音　　　　例词

__________________________________________________

一般情况　　　加-s　1.清辅音后读/s/;　map-maps

　　　　　　　　　　　2.浊辅音和元音后　bag-bags

　　　　　　　　　　　　读/z/;　　　　　car-cars

___________________________________________________　

　以s,sh,ch,

x等结尾的词　　加-es　读/iz/　　　　bus-buses

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　watch-watches

___________________________________________________

以ce,se,ze,

（d）ge等结尾

的词　　　　　加-s　　读/iz/　　license-licenses

___________________________________________________

以辅音字母+y　变y为i

结尾的词　　　再加es　读/z/　　　baby---babies

___________________________________________________

以-f或-fe结尾的名词多将-f或-fe变成-ves，但有例外，读音变化：

尾音[f]改度[vz]。

例：

life-livesleaf-leaves

反例：

roof-roofs

___________________________________________________

以O结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音:

[z]。

例：

tomato-tomatoes

反例：

piano-pianos（外来词）photo-photos（缩写词）

三、英语规则动词过去式变化规则和发音规则和不规则动词表

1.规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种：

　　1．一般情况下加ed，如watched,planted,watered,pulled,climbed,picked。

　　2．以不发音字母e结尾的加d，如liked,moved,tasted。

　　3．以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如study——studied。

　　4．以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stop——stopped。

2.过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的:

1.如果该单词以清辅音结尾,如/k/,/p/等,则读作/t/,例如looked读作/t/.

2.如果该单词以浊辅音结尾,如/n/,/b/等,则读作/d/,例如abandoned读作/d/.

3.如果该单词以字母t或字母d结尾,则读作/id/,例如started读作/id/.

4.如果该单词以元音结尾,则读作/d/,例如studied读作/d/.

3.不规则动词表

Infinitive不定式

PastTense过去式

PastParticiple过去分词

abide

abode,abided

alight

alighted,alit

arise

arose

arisen

awake

awoke

awoke,awaked

was,were

been

bear

bore

borne,born

beat

beaten

become

became

become

befall

befell

befallen

beget

begot

begotten,begot

begin

began

begun

behold

beheld

bend

bent

bereave

bereaved,bereft

beseech

besought,beseeched

beset

bespeak

bespoke

bespoken,bespoke

bespread

bestrew

bestrewed

bestrewed,bestrewn

bestride

bestrode

bestridden,bestrid,bestrode

bet

bet,betted

betake

betook

betaken

bethink

bethought

bid

bade,bid

bidden,bid

bide

bode,bided

bided

bind

bound

bite

bit

bitten,bit

bleed

bled

blend

blended,blent

bless

blessed,blest

blow

blew

blown

break

broke

broken

breed

bred

bring

brought

broadcast

broadcast,broadcasted

browbeat

browbeaten

build

built

burn

burnt,burned

burst

buy

bought

can

could

cast

catch

caught

chide

chid,chided

chid,chidden,chided

choose

chose

chosen

cleave

cleaved,cleft,clove

cleaved,cleft

cleave

clave

cloven

cling

clung

clothe

clothed,clad

come

came

come

cost

creep

crept

crow

crowed,crew

crowed

cut

dare

dared,durst

dared

deal

dealt

dig

dug

dispread

did

done

draw

drew

drawn

dream

dreamed,dreamt

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

dwell

dwelt,dwelled

eat

ate

eaten

fall

fell

fallen

feed

fed

feel

felt

fight

fought

find

found

flee

fled

fling

flung

fly

flew

flown

fly

fled

fly

flied

forbear

forbore

forborne

forbid

forbade,forbad

forbidden

forecast

forecast,forecasted

fordo

fordid

fordone

forego

forewent

foregone

foreknow

foreknew

foreknown

forerun

foreran

forerun

foresee

foresaw

foreseen

foreshow

foreshowed

foreshown

foretell

foretold

forget

forgot

forgotten,forgot

forgive

forgave

forgiven

forsake

forsook

forsaken

forswear

forswore

forsworn

freeze

froze

frozen

gainsay

gainsaid

get

got

got,gotten

gild

gilded,gilt

gilded

gird

girded,girt

give

gave

given

went

gone

grave

graved

graven,graved

grind

ground

grow

grew

grown

hamstring

hamstringed,hamstrung

hang

hung

hang

hanged

have

had

hear

heard

heave

heaved,hove

hew

hewed

hewed,hewn

hide

hid

hidden,hid

hit

hold

held

hurt

inlay

inlaid

keep

kept

kneel

knelt,kneeled

knit

knitted,knit

know

knew

known

lade

laded

laded,laden

lay

laid

lead

led

lean

leaned,leant

leap

leapt,leaped

learn

learnt,learned

leave

left

lend

lent

let

lie

lay

lain

lie

lied

light

lit

light

lighted

lose

lost

make

made

may

might

mean

meant

meet

met

melt

melted

melted,melten

misdeal

misdealt

misgive

misgave

misgiven

mislay

mislaid

mislead

misled

mistake

mistook

mistaken

misunderstand

misunderstood

mow

mowed

mowed,mown

must

ought

outbid

outbade,outbid

outbidden,outbid

outbreed

outbred

outdo

outdid

outdone

outeat

outate

outeaten

outfight

outfought

outgo

outwent

outgone

outgrow

outgrew

outgrown

outlay

outlaid

outride

outrode

outridden

outrun

outran

outrun

outsell

outsold

outshine

outshone

outshoot

outshot

outsit

outsat

outspend

outspent

outspread

outthrow

outthrew

outthrown

outthrust

outwear

outwore

outworn

overbear

overbore

overborne

overbid

overbidden,overbid

overblow

overblew

overblown

overbuild

overbuilt

overbuy

overbought

overcast

overcome

overcame

overcome

overdo

overdid

overdone

overdraw

overdrew

overdrawn

overdrive

overdrove

overdriven

overeat

overate

overeaten

overfeed

overfed

overfly

overflew

overflown

overgrow

overgrew

overgrown

overhang

overhung

overhear

overheard

overlade

overladed

overladed,overladen

overlay

overlaid

overleap

overleapt,overleaped

overlie

overlay

overlain

overpay

overpaid

override

overrode

overridden

overrun

overran

overrun

oversee

oversaw

overseen

oversell

oversold

overset

oversew

oversewed

oversewed,oversewn

overshoot

overshot

oversleep

overslept

overspend

overspent

overspread

overtake

overtook

overtaken

overthrow

overthrew

overthrown

overwind

overwound

overwrite

overwrote

overwritten

partake

partook

partaken

pay

paid

precast

prechoose

prechose

prechosen

prove

proved

proved,proven

put

quit

quitted,quit

read

reave

reaved,reft

rebuild

rebuilt

recast

reeve

rove,reeved

relay

relaid

rend

rent

repay

repaid

reset

retell

retold

rid

rid,ridded

ride

rode

ridden

ring

rang

rung

rise

rose

risen

rive

riven

riven,rived

run

ran

run

saw

sawed

sawn,sawed

say

said

see

saw

seen

seek

sought

sell

sold

send

sent

set

sew

sewed

sewn,sewed

shake

shook

shaken

shall

should

shave

shaved

shaved,shaven

shear

sheared

shorn,sheared

shed

shine

shone,shined

shoe

shod,shoed

shoot

shot

show

showed

shown,showed

shred

shredded,shred

shrink

shrank,shrunk

shrunk,shrunken

shrive

shrove,shrived

shriven,shrived

shut

sing

sang,sung

sung

sink

sank,sunk

sunk,sunken

sit

sat

slay

slew

slain

sleep

slept

slide

slid

slid,slidden

sling

slung

slink

slunk

slit

smell

smelt,smelled

smite

smote

smitten,smote

sow

sowed

sown,sowed

speak

spoke

spoken

speed

sped,speeded

spell

spelt,spelled

spend

spent

spill

spilt,spilled

spin

spun

spit

spat,spit

split

spoil

spoilt,spoiled

spread

spring

sprang,sprung

sprung

stand

stood

stave

staved,stove

steal

stole

stolen

stick

stuck

sting

stung

stink

stank,stunk

stunk

strew

strewed

strewn,strewed

stride

strode

stridden,strid

strike

struck

struck,stricken

string

strung

strive

strove,strived

striven,strived

swear

swore

sworn

sweat

sweat,sweated

sweep

swept

swell

swelled

swollen,swelled

swim

swam

swum

swing

swung

take

took

taken

teach

taught

tear

tore

torn

tell

told

think

thought

thrive

throve,thrived

thriven,thrived

throw

threw

thrown

thrust

tread

trod

trodden,trod

unbend

unbent

unbind

unbound

unbuild

unbuilt

underbid

underbidden,under

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