西南大学0057《英语词汇学》在线作业.docx

西南大学0057《英语词汇学》在线作业.docx

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西南大学0057《英语词汇学》在线作业

[0057]《英语词汇学》

一、单项选择题

1、Inthe19thcentury,goldwasfirst________inCalifornia.

A.discovered

B.uncovered

C.recovered

D.incovered

2、“loseface”isa（n）_________.

A.alien

B.translationloan

C.denizen

D.semanticloan

3、TheUnitedNationshasappealedforhelpfromthe________community.

A.intra-national

B.in-national

C.international

D.within-national

4、Comeon!

Cheerup!

Don’tjustsithereasstiffasa________.

A.king

B.queen

C.patient

D.poker

5、Youwerenotseriouslyinjured.Don’tmakea_________outofa_________.

A.mountain,molehill

B.molehill,mountain

C.hill,molehill

D.mount,molehill

6、WhichofthefollowingwordsisINCORROCTinwordformation?

A.unhorse

B.unmanned

C.unfrost

D.unhappy

7、Thefigureofspeechemployedin“Myfatherisasanitaryengineer”is________.

A.hyperbole

B.metonymy

C.litotes

D.euphemism

8、Afteramealinarestaurant,youaskthewaiterforthe_________.

A.bill

B.note

C.receipt

D.menu

9、Wordswithsuchclustersas“ch”,“ph”,“pn”,“rh”asinchasm,phone,pneumaticandrhetoricaremostprobablyof_________origin.

A.Latin

B.Greek

C.Chinese

D.German

10、Ifthey_______ouroffer,wewill________theirgoods.

A.reject,refuse

B.refuse,reject

C.reject,reject

D.refuse,refuse

11、Weeventuallyranoutofpatiencewithhis________behaviour.

A.child

B.childish

C.childy

D.childlike

12、Hewas________ofhavingaskedsuchasillyquestion.

A.ashamed

B.miserable

C.sorry

D.guilty

13、Itookonlya_________ofbeanswithmeandleft.

A.hand

B.handy

C.handed

D.handful

14、Themissilesmissedtheir_________,sotheresearchgroupdidnotreachits_________.

A.target,target

B.goal,goal

C.target,goal

D.goal,target

15、Contrary________publicopinion,thisareahaslongbeenaheavenforallformsofinsectlife.

A.to

B.with

C.at

D.for

16、Nonewideas_______fromthemeeting.

A.submerged

B.emerged

C.merged

D.immerged

17、Whichofthefollowingwordshasgonethroughthesemanticchangeofsubjectification?

A.maid

B.corn

C.very

D.gossip

18、Havinglostthematch,theteamwenthomein________spirits.

A.dark

B.deep

C.low

D.empty

19、TheOldEnglishwordstānmeans________inmodernEnglish.

A.stone

B.stain

C.stalig

D.stole

20、Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,he________hisformerposition.

A.assumed

B.presumed

C.consumed

D.resumed

21、In“Elizabethcouldhearvoicesthroughtheopendoor”,theworddoormeans________.

A.themoveablebarrierintheentrancetoabuilding,room,cupboard,car,etc.

B.thepanelboard

C.thechanneltoacertainplace

D.Noneoftheabove

22、Amongthesynonymousgroup,oldman,daddy,dad,fatherandmaleparent,________wouldmostprobablyusedbyalawyerinthecourt.

A.dad

B.oldman

C.father

D.maleparent

23、Whichofthefollowingusuallyappearsinpoems?

A.horse

B.steed

C.gee-gee

D.nag

24、Themaincharactersinthenovelseemsotruetolife,butactually,theyareentirely________.

A.imaginary

B.imaginative

C.imagined

D.imaginable

25、Mrs.Smithisafraidthatsheandherhusbanddon’tsee________onNewYearResolutions.

A.facetoface

B.eyetoeye

C.backtoback

D.hearttoheart

二、判断题

26、ManywordsinEnglishvocabularyarecompositional.

A.√

B.×

27、IntheMiddleEnglishperiod,Englishlostmostofitsinflections.

A.√

B.×

28、deeroriginallyreferstoawildanimalofanykind.

A.√

B.×

29、LatinelementwasfirstbroughtintoEnglishbyGermanictribes.

A.√

B.×

30、timeandtideusedtobesynonymoustoeachother.

A.√

B.×

31、VIPisanacronym,formedbytakingthefirstlettersofaseriesofwordsandpronouncedasasingleword.

A.√

B.×

32、LondondialectbegantospreadasStandardEnglishintheMiddleEnglishperiod.

A.√

B.×

33、Amongapple,Fujiapple,fruitandfood,fruitisthebasiclevelcategoryandtherestarethesubordinatecategories.

A.√

B.×

34、FarewellisshortenedfromFaretheewell.

A.√

B.×

35、Comparativelyspeaking,askismoreformalthaninterrogate.

A.√

B.×

36、Themeaningsofawordformanetworkinwhicheachmeaningenjoysthesamestatus.

A.√

B.×

37、houseisthesuperordinateofwall,roof,floor,etc.

A.√

B.×

38、“Justasecond!

”isacaseoflitotes（understatement）.

A.√

B.×

39、fall,meaningAutumn,isconvertedfromtheverbfallwhichmeans“droporcomedownundertheinfluencegravity”.

A.√

B.×

40、Inthesentence,“IpresumethatyouareDr.Livingstone”,presumecanbereplacedby“suppose”.

A.√

B.×

41、air-conditionerisawordderivedfromadding–ertoair-condition.

A.√

B.×

42、Aword,carforexample,maymeandifferentlytodifferentpeople.

A.√

B.×

43、Comparedwithhorse,gee-geeisstylisticallymoreformal.

A.√

B.×

44、Wordswithpeculiarclusters,suchas“ch”,“ph”,“pn”,“rh”,“ism”,“ize”etc.aremostprobablyGreekinorigin.

A.√

B.×

45、Conventionally,nativeelementofEnglishvocabularyreferstothewordsofAnglo-SaxonOrigin.

A.√

B.×

三、解释题

46、alien

答：

alien:

Alienrefertoawordborrowedfromaforeignlanguagewithoutassimilation,i.e.nochangeoftheforeignsoundandspelling.Forexamples,“coupd’état”,“résumé”,“régime”,etc.areallAliensofFrenchborrowings.

47、stem

答：

Astemreferstoawordwithallitsinflectionalsuffixeshavebeenremoved.Forexample,intheword“disliked”,iftheinflectionalsuffix“ed”isremoved,wehaveitsstem“dislike”.

48、meronymy

答：

Meronymyreferstothepart-wholesenserelationship.Forexample,theword“body”and“head”,“arm”,“leg”,etc.haveapart-wholerelationship;technically,thisrelationshipiscalled“meronymy”.

49、generalization

答：

Generalizationreferstotheextensionofthewordrange,orthewideningofthesemanticscope.Forexample,“manuscript”originallymeans“somethinghandwritten”;presently,itssemanticscopehasbeenwidenedtobe“acopyofabook,apieceofmusic,etc.beforeithasbeenprinted”.

50、clipping

答：

Clippingsareformsabbreviatedfromlargerwordsbutshareacommonfunctionwithwordstheyareclippedfrom.Forexample,“advertisement”,“examination”,“gymnasium”allhavetheirclippedform“ad”,“exam”,“gym”.

四、问答题

51、Whatisantonymyandwhatareitsdifferenttypes?

答：

Antonymyreferstotherelationshipbetweentwoorrarelymorewordsofthesamelanguage,belongingtothesamepartofspeech,identicalinstyleandnearlyidenticalindistribution,associatedandusedtogethersothattheirdenotativemeaningsrendercontraryorcontradictorynotions.Therearethreetypesofantonymy

1）Complementaryantonymyreferstotherelationbetweentwowordsthatthedenialofonememberimpliestheassertionoftheother,andviceversa.

e.g.malevs.Female;alivevs.dead;boyvs.girl;oddvs.even

Therelationbetweenthemembersofthepairofcomplementaryantonymscanbebestrepresentedinthefollowingdiagram:

2）Gradableantonymyreferstotherelationbetweentwowordsthatthetwowordsinquestionarethetwoextremesbetweenwhichdifferentdegreesofgradescanbedistinguished.Seemoreexamplesasthefollowing:

goodvs.bad;fatvs.skinny;widevs.narrow;fastvs.slow

Manypairsofgradableantonymscontainonemarkedtermandoneunmarked,e.g.old/young,heavy/light,fast/slowwherethesecondtermismorerestrictedindistributionthanthefirst.Therelationbetweenmembersofthepairofgradableantonymycanberepresentedinthefollowingway:

3）Relationalantonymyreferstotherelationbetweenthetwoitemsdonotconstituteapositive-negativeopposition,andtheexistenceofoneofthepairpresupposestheexistenceoftheother,oroneofthemcannotbeusedwithoutsuggestingtheother.Seemoreexamplesasthefollowing:

e.g.predecessorvs.successor;parentvs.child;teachervs.student

lendvs.borrow;employervs.employee;buyvs.sell

52、Makeanaccountofthemechanismsofsemanticchange.

答：

Therearealtogetherfivemechanismsofmeaningchanges.

1）Melioration,alsoknownasameliorationorelevationofmeaning,istheprocesswherebywordswithhumbleoriginsaregraduallyusedinpositive,oratleastneutralcontexts.

e.g.knight:

Anglo-Saxonorigin,“aboy”,butthroughmilitaryandfeudalassociations,acquiredthemeaningoftitleofrank.

2）pejorationordegradationistheprocessbywhichthemeaningofwordsbecomenegativeorlessfavorable.Previouslymentionedwordssuchassilly,idiot,moron,imbecile,villain,churlandhussyaregoodcasesinpointfortheillustrationofpejoration.Thesewordshavebeenconsideredsooffensivethattheyarehardlyusedindailyspeeches.

3）Generalizationofmeaning,alsocalledextension,wideningorbroadening,referstotheextensionofthewordrange,orthewideningthesemanticscopeofwords.Itisoneofthemostcommonfeaturesinthehistoryofwords.

e.g.novice

Originallymeant“apersonadmittedtoaprobationarymembershipinareligiouscommunity”,buttodayitrefersgenerallyto“abeginner”

4）Specialization,alsoknownasnarrowingorrestriction,theoppositeofgeneralization,istheprocesswherebyawordofwidemeaningacquiresanarroworspecializedsense.Inotherwords,awordwhichusedtohaveamoregeneralsensebecomesrestrictedinitsapplicationandconveysonlyaspecialconceptinpresent-dayEnglish.

Thewordgirl,forexample,wasusedtorefertoanyyoungpersoninMiddleEnglishbutisrestrictedtoyoungfemalesfromtheEarlyModernPeriodon.Specializationofmeaningcanalsobeobservedinthewordfowl,whichisnowusuallyrestrictedto“farmyardhen”withitsoldmeaningof“bird”onlyretainsinaf